Auve - ndi chiyani ichi? Ubwino tanthauzo ndi ofanana matanthauzo a liwu lakuti "zonyansa"

"Zoyipa" - ndi mawu amene anachokera akulimba mbiri, pamene script anali m'chipani. mfundo zake woyamba zimasiyana lero, chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwa maganizo pa nthawi imeneyo kunalibe konse. Mu mbiri yonse ya chinenero cha Chirasha n'kovuta kupeza mawu mu m'badwo uliwonse zilinso ndi tanthauzo latsopano.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Mawu anadza ku mneni "kupita" mpaka m'ma 17 zinkatanthauza a m'mbuyomu. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu makhalidwe monga wakale, choyambirira, msonkho, msonkho. Ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro tsar Petro ndinasintha maganizo a m'mbuyo, ndipo mawu akuti "zachabechabe" amamuonera tanthauzo losiyana pang'ono, khalidwe negative. Pali tanthauzo monga moperewera, okongoletsedwa, otsika, wabwinobwino. M'zaka za m'ma 19, wotchuka Russian wasayansi ndi wolemba Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, mlengi "ofotokozera Dictionary wa Chirasha", anawonjezera zonyansa atsopano a mawu, anthu ambiri amene ntchito lero. Ndiye pali "zachabechabe" Lingaliro "chauve," "zoipa" "zazing'ono." Amagwiritsa mitundu mawu akukhala kwambiri "zachabechabe", "poshlyachka", "tacky".

Mu nkhani SM Solovyov za olemba za m'ma 18 ananena kuti nyengo imeneyi chinali renunciation lomaliza la Kale, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mawu zambiri chinabisidwa lizikwaniritsa zilakolako zawo. Othandiza zachilendo ankakhulupirira kuti zoyipa - zonse zimene zili popanda awo view dziko ndi mfundo za tsogolo labwino.

M'madikishonale ambiri "zonyansa" Mwamsanga mpaka 18 mochedwa - m'ma 19. Zikutsatiridwa kwa nthawi ino panali mitundu mawu ake okha - "ntchito", kutanthauza msonkho kapena amalipiritsa.

Mawu "zonyansa" mu mabuku

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19, mawu akuti "zachabechabe" walandira kubadwanso mwatsopano, ndipo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito osati anthu wamba komanso odziwika olemba ndi ndakatulo mu zolemba zake, ambiri mwa kukhala zapamwamba za mabuku Russian. Mpaka nthawi iyi anali anagwiritsa ntchito adjective "zachabechabe" chimene anali anawonjezera suffix "-st", ndi kupeza mawu, anthu ambiri lero. Writers monga Petr Andreevich Vyazemsky, Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol, nthawi zambiri ankalankhula ndi mabwenzi apamtima wake olemba Alexander Pushkin, Vasily Zhukovsky, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo "zonyansa". Maganizo, iwo anafotokoza masomphenya awo a ntchito za anzake odziwika bwino, kuganizira ambiri a iwo sali kuchilingalira. Kuti, banal ndi wopanda pake popanda kum'chitira aliyense wa zachilendo. Popeza theka lachiwiri la m'ma 19, mawu akuti "zonyansa" ndi mavuto. Makhalidwe amaoneka "amavala", "zataskannost", "stereotype".

Mau ofanana la mawu akuti "zonyansa"

Mu chinenero chamakono Russian mawu "zonyansa" ofanana matanthauzo kukatenga ndithu chabe. Komabe, zimasiyana kwambiri malingana ndi dera kumene ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tiona mafashoni, nanga zovala zambiri kuti iwo ali "zoipa", "colorless". Lofanana "zachabechabe" njira ndikungofuna mmaonekedwe, ndi kwa mawu, kapena khalidwe. "Unatengera" kapena "zazing'ono" zimaonetsa stereotype ntchito iliyonse. Poyerekezera ndi atolankhani amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "tabloid", omwe otsika mlingo buku. Ngati ndi ambiri ntchito mawu kapena nthabwala, kuti iye anali "anamenyedwa." Munthu zinthu yopapatiza amatchedwa "zochepa," womwe, kwenikweni, ndi ofanana ndi lingaliro la "zonyansa".

auve lero

Lero, yankho ku funso la chimene ali olaula, silingakhale m'mbali, monga lingaliro ili angaonedwe mbali zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, "zonyansa", tanthauzo la zomwe zinali zodzaza polankhula ntchito kutukwana chipongwe ulemu ndi ulemerero wa anthu ena. Komabe, kulumbira mawu kotero mwamphamvu miyoyo yathu zafika pamlingo wotere akhoza m'malo ena mfundo ochiritsira chibadidwe chilankhulo choyera zolembalemba. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mmene zimawononga pa chitukuko cha munthu monga munthu, kuchepetsa mawu ndi kupanga zochepa kwambiri. Komano, mawu akuti "zonyansa" ndi maziko wapamtima. Free kupeza misa waukulu mphindi kum'dalira moyo wa amuna ndi akazi zambiri opotoka paubwenzi ndi atsikana.

Auve anthu

Auve anthu kumaonekera makamaka khalidwe la ziphiphiritso zambiri anthu andale, nyenyezi Pop, zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema. Tsopano otchuka otchedwa "wakuda taphunzira", chifukwa ambiri a pamwamba bwinobwino kulera mlingo. Tikaona mutu wa zoipa zokhudza anthu otchuka, iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo:
1. Kugalukira.
2. masautso mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
3. kuphwanya lamulo (ambiri - ndi ndewu ndi ngozi zambiri ataledzera).

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu andale ku olankhulira ndi sanyoza kutukwana kapena boardroom ntchito akuwonongera mokondwera ukufalitsidwa njira zonse TV ngati dziko payekha ndi mlingo dziko.

Zoyipa pa zomangamanga

Kutanthauza "zachabechabe" pa zomangamanga? Ngati tikambirana tanthauzo mawu a molakwa, kunaikidwiratu kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, mizinda yambiri ya Soviet Union woyenera mu gulu ili. nyumba ambiri oyang'anira tauni ndi nyumba minda yomwe inamangidwa ndi chitsanzo makamaka.

Choncho, kufika mu aliyense wa mayiko, komabe ndikumverera ngati mu kwawo, kumene nyumba yonse ya imeneyo njira imodzi. Ndiye, chinthu chachikulu chinali kuchuluka, mwachitsanzo. E. Kwakukulu kumanga bwino. Choncho, nyumba zambiri pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutha mutamwa mvula.

zoyipa mu nyumba ano n'chiyani? Izi makamaka ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mu kupanga zinthu wamba banja monga khomo amangomvera interspersed ndi diamondi kapena kuikira golide. Choncho mukhoza pamper okha ndi ochepa Komabe, wosasamalira malo awo kwa anthu, iwo amayambitsa mtima zoipa ya ena.

nthabwala zotukwana - ndichiyani?

Mfundo zimenezi zoyipa mu nthabwala ndipo zosiyanasiyana nthabwala, n'zovuta kunena, chifukwa zimene poyamba ankaganiza manyazi, tsopano amaona mwakale. Mwachitsanzo, izo zimayambitsa nkhani kuseka za mankhwala osokoneza bongo "miyala", apolisi apamsewu ndi apolisi, osati atangofika kumene kuchokera ku ulendo amuna. Poyerekeza ndi nthabwala kuyambira nthawi Soviet, lero kukhala kuyeza, caustic, zosasangalatsa. Redefining chi sewero lanthabwala mapulogalamu, kuti afike pomvetsetsa kuti ambiri a iwo ali okonzeka kuseka ngakhale pa chisoni anthu. zoyipa zambiri M'mphepete nzeru, koma kawirikawiri amanyamula mzerewu. Chifukwa cha nthabwala mwakuwoneka wosalakwa koyamba kungakhale chakukhosi moyo. Choncho muyenera mosamala kwambiri kuwatonza zochita anthu kapena kumuseka maonekedwe, osati kwa adani mu nkhope zawo. Ndicho chimene "zoyipa" pa sikelo ano.