Kodi mukudziwa tanthauzo "zomveka" ndi zimene manambala amatchedwa zomveka?

Mu kutali kale, pamene pali kupangidwa dongosolo kakyulasi, anthu onse adamuyesa pa zala. Mkubwela kwa masamu ndi masamu zofunika chakhala zosavuta ndi bwino kusunga malipoti a katundu, malonda, ndi katundu wa m'nyumba. Komabe, zikuwoneka ngati dongosolo yamakono ya mawerengedwe: mtundu anawagawa nambala alipo, ndi kuti amatanthauza "mtundu zomveka za manambala?" Dziwani izi.

Kodi mitundu yambiri ya manambala kulibe mu masamu?

Lingaliro kwambiri za "chiwerengero" amatanthauza ena unit wa chinthu chilichonse, omwe amadziwika kachulukidwe, poyerekeza kapena ordinal zizindikiro zake. Kuti bwino awerengere nambala ya zinthu kapena kupanga ntchito masamu ndi manambala (apangidwe chulukanani neri Al.), Mu malo oyamba ayenera kukhala bwino ndi mitundu izi manambala.

Choncho, pali angapo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awa:

1. Natural - izi ndi manambala ife awerenge chiwerengero cha zinthu (.. Chaching'ono inteja zabwino wofanana 1, n'zomveka kuti ambiri a manambala zachilengedwe ali wopandamalire, mwachitsanzo, palibe wamkulu chiwerengero zachilengedwe). Ya manambala lachibadwa zambiri amaimira kalata N.
2. Integers. Pakuti akonzedwa zimenezi zimaphatikizapo onse manambala zachilengedwe, pamene anawonjezera kuti makhalidwe oipa, kuphatikizapo chiwerengero "ziro". Zoti achikhalire a integers ananena ndi Latin kalata Z.
3. Zomveka manambala - amene tingathe maganizo kusintha kwa nusu, ndi numerator zimene zidzakhala za Zogwiritsira integers, ndi chimene chachititsa - zachilengedwe. Basi pansipa tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo "zomveka chiwerengero", ndi kupereka zitsanzo zingapo.
4. Real manambala - akonzedwa, womwenso zonse zomveka ndi manambala zopanda nzeru. akonzedwa Izi amaimira kalata R.
5. manambala zovuta ali mbali ya gawo lenileni ndi chiwerengero variable. Amagwiritsa manambala zovuta kuti akonze maikwezhoni osiyana kiyubiki, womwe mwina mu mitunduyi pansi pa chizindikiro muzu uli zoipa mawu (i ² = -1).

Mukutanthauza chiyani "zomveka": dismantle zitsanzo

Ngati manambala zomveka ndi amene ife kungabweretse mu mawonekedwe a nusu wamba, likukhalira kuti onse integers zabwino ndi zoipa ali m'gulu achikhalire a zomveka. Ndithudi, inteja iliyonse, monga 3 kapena 15, akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati kachigawo komwe chimene chachititsa adzatero unit.

Tuzigawo twa: -9/3; 7/5, 6/55 - zitsanzo za manambala zomveka.

Kodi "zomveka akuti"?

Pitani patsogolo. Takambirana kale tanthauzo lingaliro zomveka za manambala. Tiyeni tsopano kulingalira mawu masamu, chomwe ndi ndalama, kusiyana, mankhwala, kapena manambala osiyanasiyana payekha ndi zosintha. Pano pali chitsanzo: nusu, ndi numerator amene ali Uwerenge integers awiri kapena kuposa, ndi chimene chachititsa ikuphatikizapo inteja ndi ena variable. Iwo akuti izi amatchedwa zomveka. Kuchokera pa malamulo "simungathe kugawaniza ndi ziro" mukhoza ndikuganiza kuti mtengo wa variable ili singakhale ngati kuti phindu la chimene chachititsa ndi zidzathawa. Choncho, pochita ndi mawu zomveka, muyenera choyamba chimatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ubwino variable. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chimene chachititsa cha mawu otsatirawa: × + 5-2, likukhalira kuti "X" sangakhale wolingana -3. Inde, mu nkhani iyi, onse akuti amakhala ziro Koma mu njira ayenera zichotsedwa -3 inteja kwa variable anapatsidwa.

Mmene angathetsere maikwezhoni zomveka?

mawu zomveka akhoza muli mwachilungamo wambirimbiri manambala kapena ngakhale 2 zosintha, kotero nthawizina kusankha kwawo amakhala ovuta. Magawowa yankho la mawu amenewa akulimbikitsidwa ntchito zina mwa njira zomveka. Choncho, kodi "njira zomveka" ndi malamulo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira?

1. Yoyamba, pamene muyenera wosalira mawu. Chifukwa ntchito imeneyi akhoza amachita kuchepetsa numerator ndi chimene chachititsa kuti phindu irreducible. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali mawu akuti mu numerator wa 18x, 9x ndi chimene chachititsa, ndiye, kuchepetsa zizindikiro onse pa 9x, kupeza inteja wa 2.
2. Yachiwiri njira ndi othandiza pamene numerator ndi monomial, ndi chimene chachititsa - ndi polenomiyo. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo: ndi numerator ndi 5x, ndi chimene chachititsa - 5x + 20x ^2. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kupanga variable mu chimene chachititsa wa m'mabokosi a timapeza mawonekedwe kutsatira chimene chachititsa kuti: 5x (1 + 4x). Ndipo tsopano mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro woyamba ndi zinthu zochepa mawu, kuchepetsa 5x mu numerator ndi chimene chachititsa. Chifukwa cha timapeza kachigawo wa mawonekedwe 1/1 + 4x.

Kodi ndingatani ndi manambala zomveka?

The ya manambala zomveka angapo mbali. Ambiri a iwo ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi mphatso khalidwe manambala lonse ndi zachilengedwe, chifukwa chakuti yotsirizira nthawi zonse m'gulu achikhalire a zomveka. Pano pali katundu wa manambala zomveka, podziwa kuti inu mosavuta kuthetsa akuti aliyense zomveka.

1. katundu commutative kumakuthandizani kuyeza manambala awiri kapena kuposa, kaya patsogolo. Mwachidule, pa yosamutsa a ndalama ndi sanasinthe.
2. chuma distributive amatilola kuti athetse vutoli ntchito lamulo distributive.
3. Pomaliza, kuwonjezera ndi wochotsera.

Ngakhale ana asukulu tikudziwa chimene chimatanthauza "lingaliro zomveka za chiwerengero" ndi mmene angathetsere mavuto pa maziko a Mawu, choncho munthu wamkulu wophunzira aliyense ayenera kungokhala kukumbukira zina ndi zina zokhudza wa ya manambala zomveka.