Natural ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu. Antroposotsiogeneza vuto. Umodzi wa zachilengedwe, zakakhalidwe ndi zauzimu munthu

Russian katswiri wa za XIX m'ma V. S. Solovev anapereka tanthauzo la munthu monga munthu chikhalidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zolinga apamwamba alikodi, cholinga ndi credo sali mu tsoka lake lenileni ndi ubwino, ndi Cholinga chake tsoka amene anthu onse. Kumvetsetsa za zotsatira za mlembi chikhalidwe zambiri zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi - ntchito patsogolo pa gulu pa mfundo munthu ndi zosowa. Izi zikutipatsa funso zomveka: "Kodi zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu" Kodi chanzeru mu moyo wake? Koma, mwatsoka, palibe kumvetsa wamba ndondomeko mapangidwe abwino. Izi ndi vuto sayansi ambiri kuphunzira mafunso awa.

Natural ndi chikhalidwe munthu: vuto antroposotsiogeneza

Antroposotsiogenez - ndi kuphunzira mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha munthu. Amayimira akuti motere: "Anthropos" - anthu, "umoyo" - anthu, "chiyambi" - chitukuko. Izi m'dera kufufuza amaphunzira zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu. Antroposotsiogenez komanso ikufotokoza udindo wa timu ndipo anthu ammudzi mu ntchito imeneyi. Home munthu chinsinsi, kuchokera amazionera a sayansi - umodzi wa zachilengedwe, zakakhalidwe ndi zauzimu munthu.

Mfundo za chiyambi

• Chiphunzitso choyamba - zamulungu. Zimatengera mmene mphamvu apamwamba Mulungu ndi maonekedwe a munthu "popanda", "ndi chifuniro cha chauzimu." Izi otchedwa chiphunzitso sanali sayansi.
• The Ofufuza - kusinthika kwa anyani anthropoid mu anthu. Zikuoneka ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zaka za m'ma XIX buku Darwin "Zinafika wa munthu ndi kusankha kugonana". ntchito yake wawonjezera Chichewa m'buku lake "Ntchito ya Labor mu kusintha kwa nyani Munthu." Kumene, tsopano kwambiri zotsutsa ku adiresi yawo. Osati kwathunthu siteji bwino kwa zinthu, si anafotokoza nkhani zambiri zokhudza kusintha chibadwa, etc. Iwo akadali sanapezeke otchedwa Transitional kugwirizana - .. Kenako chiphunzitso chimenechi anaphunzira umboni wosatsutsika wakuti ndipo wakhala zopanda. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndi zina - uyu ndiye woyamba kumasulira sayansi, limafotokoza zimene magwero a sanali Mulungu. kukopa kwake pa anthu anali chabe zidzasintha. Palibe patsogolo amadzinenera ndikutsutsa chipembedzo, kwathunthu atakana. Koma chiphunzitso ananyalanyaza zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mu umunthu komanso ubale wawo. Kuti kwenikweni ukugwira ku nyama.
• A chiphunzitso lachitatu - biosocial lingaliro. Malinga ndi iye, iwo anazindikira kuti munthu - pagulu zachilengedwe wokhalapo. Theorists amakhulupirira kuti anthu ali ndekuti zochepa pa maonekedwe a munthu wanzeru kuposa zinthu zachilengedwe. Biosocial chitukuko mfundo anatuluka pa umboni mwina Darwin. Labor, zinthu zachilengedwe, ndithudi, zinakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe munthu, koma anali Sitinganyalanyaze, ndi mawonetseredwe chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa ntchito ndi zikamera wa mfuti, anapita pa imodzi ndi kusintha mawu, mawonetseredwe a chikumbumtima, makhalidwe maganizo. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kusintha Mkhalidwe, chifukwa mu metamorphosis ofanana mu mbali ina. Ndi motero ku maphunziro a mbiri yakale, kuti ngakhale kuti si bwino lomwe chinthu chimaposa - zachilengedwe kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Koma kodi zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu? sayansi Social amapereka mafotokozedwe pa nkhani imeneyi.

Mmodzi chiwonetsero cha lingaliro ili - kufunafuna luntha nthanthi ya dziko, kufunafuna cholinga cha moyo. N'chifukwa chake kodi timakhala? Aliyense, ndithudi, angamvetsere payekha funsolo. Malinga chikhalidwe, nzeru, ndi miyambo. Koma ambiri Chofunika, zinthu zooneka mwa munthu chikhalidwe - ndi kuzindikira anthu a mtundu wa anthu, kuti mgwirizano padziko lapansili. Aliyense n'laling'onong'ono yaing'ono dongosolo anthu. Umodzi chaonetsedwa osati mogwirizana ndi mzake, komanso ndi chikhalidwe, biosphere, dziko. Anthu anthu ndi kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi mzake ndi dziko kunja. Kuti ndi zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu.

Vuto tanthauzo la moyo

Mgwirizano pa nkhani izi. Pali mfundo ziwiri zofunika padziko yemwe anawonjezera tiyerekeze.

• The choyamba - tanthauzo la moyo ubwenzi pansi kukhalapo.
• Chachiwiri - kuchotsedwa dziko, kukangana kuti moyo padziko lapansi chosakhalitsa. Mfundo imeneyi anafotokoza tanthauzo la moyo ndi mfundo zosagwirizana ndi moyo anthu padziko lapansi.

Mfundo ndi maganizo vuto zambiri, kuyambira akale ofufuza nzeru za kwa asayansi amakono.

kutanthauzira Chikristu chisanayambe

Akatswiri Pre-Christian monga Aristotle, amene ankakhala mu BC IV atumwi, tanthauzo la moyo atamangirira kupeza chimwemwe. Koma lingaliro ili ndi zaumwini. Motero malinga pundits, ena kuona mu ukoma, ena - mu chiweruzo, ndi ena - nzeru.

kutanthauzira akale

Anzeru a Ages Middle tanthauzo la moyo womangidwa chidziwitso chonse mphamvu la Mulungu, nzeru apamwamba a Mlengi. Katswiri pa njira ya chiphunzitso chimenechi ndi Baibulo, mpingo ndi mabuku a mpingo, mavumbulutso Mulungu ndi oyera ndi zina zotero. D. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kuphunzira ntchito sayansi kutanthauziridwa monga madzi mu mdima ndi umbuli. Ankaganizanso kuti wofuna sayansi sakonda.

otsatira yamakono ya postulates akale

Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti mpaka umenewu ambiri otsatira. Monga zitsanzo za chiwonongeko cha sayansi Muolowetsa monga mabomba a atomiki ndi wa hydrogen. Amadziwika kuti angathe mphindi zochepa kwathunthu kuwononga dziko. Kukula kwa zochita zokha mafakitale ndi ziphe zachilengedwe, kupanga izo zosafunika moyo wamoyo. Chifukwa cha izi zikhoza ankaona mizati kuphwanya nyengo kuchepetsa kwa olamulira a dziko kupatuka ndi T. D. Apamwamba chimwemwe tanthauzo la moyo kwa otsatira a lingaliro ili ndi mogwirizana ndi mzake, ndi chibadwa. Cholinga - kupulumutsa dziko lapansi mibadwomibadwo, kupereka basi zowononga.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano

The nzeru ena a nthawi, ndilo oimira yowala wa sukulu German asayansi, ankaganiza kuti tanthauzo la moyo wa munthu uli mu Pofunafuna khalidwe, kudzikonda chitukuko ndi kudzikonda chidziwitso. Iwo anzeru Kant ndi Hegel. Iwo ankanena kuti ngati timaphunzira kumvetsa tokha, umunthu wathu, sitidzatha kumvetsa dziko. Iwo sanatsutse mphamvu la Mulungu, koma womangidwa kwa wamumtima wokhalapo. Pamene iye si kuphunzira mogwirizana ndi nokha, kukhala mogwirizana ndi mabungwe ndi dziko. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kuyesetsa categorical a Kant amapereka kuzindikira ichi. mfundo zikuluzikulu zili motere:

• samachita anthu zimene simukufuna iwo akuchitireni inu;
• Anthu ena mukufuna kuti azichitira inu.

Katswiri wa nzeru kwambiri ankanena kuti munthu ayenera kumvetsa dziko lapansi mwa prism malingaliro awo omwe. Malingaliro ake ali pafupi kwambiri malamulo achipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, "musaweruze inu adzaweruzidwa" ndipo mawu ena Malemba Opatulika ndi kofanana.

zotsatira

Ndiye kodi zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu? The yochepa yankho ili: ndi kuzindikira tanthauzo la moyo, kuli mogwirizana ndi wekha, anthu ndiponso chilengedwe.