Mbalame - nyama kapena ayi? kalasi Birds

Kawirikawiri akhoza kumva funso: mbalame - ndi nyama kapena ayi? Atalingaliranso mbali zonse za dongosolo ndi ukugwirira ntchito ya kalasi iyi, inu angathe kuyankha iwo.

makhalidwe General

Maphunziro Birds zikuphatikizapo 9,000 mitundu, pamodzi mu superorders zotsatirazi: ratites, kapena akuthamanga (nthiwatiwa, kiwis), anyani, kapena akuyandama (Penguin lachifumu, spectacled, Magellan, Galápagos, crested, ndi ena), muyezo, kapena zouluka (nkhuku, nkhunda, mpheta , akhwangwala ndi ena).

Birds pa eg ofanana ndi zapoizoni ndi kuwayimilira mwapang'onopang'ono nthambi, amene anali wokhoza kuti azolowere ndege. miyendo kutsogolo m'kupita kwa kusanduka lidzasinthidwa mapiko. Mbalame yodziwika ndi zonse thupi kutentha, khalidwe la inakhala apamwamba Choncho, mbalame - magazi ofunda nyama. Izi ndi yankho loyamba la funso "Mbalame -? Nyama kapena ayi".

Chiyambi cha mbalame chofunika zokwawa wakale pseudosuchian ndi dongosolo ofanana wa miyendo yakumbuyo.

Thupi ndi khungu

thupi mbalame ali ndi mawonekedwe streamlined ndi mutu waung'ono ndi lalitali khosi yam'manja. Thunthu itha mchira.

Khungu ndi wochepa thupi, wouma ndi pafupifupi wopanda zopangitsa. Ochepa mbalame (waterfowl) ndi mafuta England, amapangira mafuta ngati chinsinsi ndi katundu madzi kufumbwa. Tentha mthupi mapangidwe (opangidwa kuchokera ku khungu) anali TACHIMATA mulomo chiombankhanga flakes zala ndi kudzaza chitoliro (m'munsi mwendo). Nthenga amagwiritsidwa anachokera ku khungu. Iwo agawidwa m'magulu awiri; mizere ndi pansi. Contoured, amapatsidwa kum'patula (kuthawa ulamuliro), Makhov (kukhalabe mbalame mumlengalenga) ndi opaque (ili pamwamba pa thupi). Mu ndondomeko ya pansi nthenga. Iwo ambalimbisana mtima kukhalabe m'thupi kutentha. Pa molting nthenga akulu dana kwathunthu, ndipo atsopano kukula mu malo awo.

Mafupa ndi dongosolo minofu

Mu mbalame mafupa makamaka wangwiro ndi zovuta chifukwa fupa M'mimbamo wodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Amakhala ndi zigawo izi: pa khomo lachiberekero ndi thoracic, lumbar ndi sacral ndi caudal. Kwambiri ndi makina khomo lachiberekero msana chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa vertebrae. The vertebrae thoracic ndi zinaphatikizidwa ndi nthiti mwamphamvu chimbalangondo movably olumikizidwa kwa sternum ndi nthiti magudumu. Kuti ubwenzi minofu, kuchititsa mapiko zoyenda, pa sternum pali ziyerekezo - pa muyezo. Chifukwa cha maphatikizidwe wa lumbar ndi sacral ndi caudal vertebrae pang'ono pakati pawo ndi mafupa m'chiuno anapanga sacrum kutumikira kumbuyo miyendo thandizo.

Dongosolo akulu bwino yapangidwa mbalame. Malinga ndi luso ndege chitukuko makamaka kufika dipatimenti ena. Mu mbalame zouluka bwino, bwino anakamba kuti azitha kusuntha mapiko, ndi amene anasiya kuchita zimenezi - minofu ya miyendo yakumbuyo ndi khosi.

M'mimba ndi machitidwe excretory

Dongosolo m'mimba amakhala ndi kusapezeka kwa mano. Kuti amvetse ndi kugwira chakudya ntchito ndi mulomo tentha mthupi chimakwirira pachibwano. chakudya Oral akulowa pakhosi, kenako - ndi kum'mero yaitali, amene ali m'thumba kukulitsa (khosi lotupa) pansi izo. Mapeto kumbuyo kwa kholingo akutsegula m'mimba, amene anagawa m'magulu awiri, glandular ndi minofu (kumene chakudya akudutsa makina umapezeka). The intestine tichipeza duodenum, kumene ducts a chiwindi, ndi kapamba, komanso rectum woonda ndi waufupi, mathero cesspool. Chotero eg kumalimbikitsa kuchotsa mofulumira yotsalira undigested kunja.

Ziwalo kusankha mbalame wophatikizidwa impso ndi ureters, amene kutsegula mu cloaca lapansi. Kuyambira mkodzo wake ndi ndowe akatulutsidwa kunja.

dongosolo kupuma

mbalame kupuma maximally ndinazolowera ndege. Kudzera m'mphuno mpweya akulowa pharynx ndi trachea, amene ali pachifuwa lagawidwa bronchi awiri. Pano pali bokosi mawu. Kamodzi mu mapapo, ndi bronchi nthambi mwamphamvu. Mapapo okha ndi dongosolo zovuta zigwirizana ambiri kudzera-machubu. Ena kuwonjezera, kupanga matumba mpweya, iwo ili pakati pa ziwalo, minofu ndi mafupa yaitali. Mbalame amakonda pawiri mpweya. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu ndege mpweya akudutsa kawiri m'mapapo: wakuyamwa mu nkhonya ya phiko lake ndi ejected pa kutsitsa chifukwa psinjika a zikwama.

mantha dongosolo

Organization ya ubongo mu mbalame ndi zovuta kwambiri ndi wofanana ndi wa inakhala apamwamba. Izi kamodzinso amapereka yankho kuti inde funso "Mbalame -? Nyama kapena ayi" dongosolo imakhala m'magulu awiri: ubongo ndi msana. M'chigawo mutu bwino anayamba cerebellum ndi udindo kugwirizana kayendedwe, komanso Chigawo kutsogolo ndi midbrain, udindo makhalidwe zovuta. Chingwe msana ndi ambiri anayamba mu phewa, lumbar ndi sacral, amene amathandiza ntchito zabwino za galimoto. zizindikiro zimenezi komanso momveka bwino inde yankho la funso "Mbalame -? nyama kapena ayi"

Khalidwe la mbalame zachokera mopanda malire (kobadwa nako) bongo: zakudya, kubereka, kukaikira mazira, dzira kuika, chibwenzi, kuimba. Mosiyana ndi kalasi zapoizoni iwo akhoza kupangidwa ndi wotetezedwa makonzedwe (anapeza pa moyo) bongo, amene umboni gawo awo apamwamba kwa chirengedwe. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha bongo wabwino angakhale mfundo ankaweta awo bwino munthu. Amakhulupirira kuti mbalame - ziweto kuti n'zosavuta kuti musanjenso khalidwe lawo ndi moyo kuchokera kuthengo (achilengedwe) monga chikhalidwe (kunyumba).

mitsempha ya magazi

Matupi magazi dongosolo la mbalame, ngati inakhala kwambiri apamwamba, ankaimira zinayi chambered mtima ongokhala matenda (2) ndipo ventricles (2), komanso mitsempha. magazi awo kwathunthu kugawidwa mu venous ndi wolumikizira. Ilo liri awiri kufalitsidwa (yaing'ono ndi yaikulu).

kubalana

Mbalame - nyama dioecious ndi dongosolo zovuta kwambiri kuphunzira khalidwe mating, kuswana ntchito mazira ndi kulisamalira.

Zonsezi pamwambapa specifications -end kupereka kotsimikizika yankho la funso "Mbalame - nyama kapena ayi?" Kumene, mbalame ndi nyama.