Nyanja kunkafika pachimake pa dziko: nyengo ndi dziko organic

anthu ochepa amene ali aliwonse okayikira ndilo nyanja kunkafika pachimake padziko lathuli. Mosakayikira, izi ndi kozizira. Iwo inali pakati pa mayiko monga North America Europe ndi ku Asia, agwilitse malo oposa 13 miliyoni makilomita lalikulu. Kum'mwera kwa nyanja ali nawo pafupi kwathunthu mu Arctic Circle. Kuya avareji mamita 1225, pamene yaikulu - 5527 meters.

Nyanja kunkafika pachimake pa dziko mu gawo chapakati ali kwambiri dzenje chowulungika kukula kwa 2250 x 1130 makilomita. Iwo imatchedwanso kumalo ozizira kapena Arctic beseni. Pafupifupi theka la pansi pa madzi ndi alumali mkati limene ambiri zilumba munthu ndi zilumba. Zikuphatikizapo Greenland, Siberia Islands, North ndi Novaya Zemlya, Svalbard ndi ena. Tikumbukenso kuti nyanja kunkafika pachimake mu dziko alibe zilumba za chiyambi zikuluzikulu.

Chamvula pano imagwera makamaka mu mawonekedwe a chisanu, pamene mvula n'zochepa kwambiri. chaka chonse ambiri a m'dera la nyanja yokutidwa ndi ayezi, ndilo makulidwe pafupifupi mamita atatu. Kudera kumadzulo amakhala ndi mphepo malo ake kumpoto-kumadzulo ndi kumpoto, amene ali chinthu chachikulu chomwe aakulu kozizira nyengo. Mu kum'mawa kwa beseni ndi chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mphepo kum'mwera kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera, choncho pali nyanja ozizira ali wofatsa nyengo.

Mpweya umafunda mu dzinja zambiri. Kutentha ambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana a Ocean Arctic zimasiyanasiyana madigiri awiri khumi pansipa madigiri ziro Celsius. M'nyengo yozizira, izo tingalisiye pano pansipa madigiri opanda makumi anai. Zima mikuntho amayambira.

Nyanja kunkafika pachimake mu dziko akhoza kudzitama za zomera olemera ndi zomera. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi nkhanza nyengo zinthu, komanso ambiri oundana. The ambiri anayamba dziko organic mu dera kumene pali kugwirizana zonse nyanja ya Atlantic, mwa kulankhula kwina - mu White, Barents ndi Kara Pacific. Kuli mitundu zikwi ziwiri wa nyama (Pakati zinsomba), komanso kuchuluka yaikulu nsomba. Mu madzi amenewo, amene kugwera m'madzi ndi mafunde ofunda pa gombe chilumbachi ndi ovuta mungapeze mbalame zambiri.

M'dera Alaska, Canada ndi kum'mawa Siberia, dziko organic ndi osauka kwambiri. The vuto lomwelo ndi mu chigawo chapakati cha Ocean Arctic, amene ali ndi ayezi chaka chonse. Apa timayandama ukufanizidwa makamaka ndi diatoms. Ena mwa iwo amakhala padziko ayezi. Koma zooplankton, nyanja kunkafika pachimake pa dziko mu gawo ili mmenemo mitundu zosakwana makumi asanu ndi atatu, chogwidwa ndi m'nyanja zikuluzikulu duwa, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu kumalo ozizira ndi m'nyanja zikuluzikulu mwa nsomba. Kunja kwa mzinda wa ayezi akale angapezeke zisindikizo zambiri, walruses, beluga anamgumi narwhal ndi nyama zina nyanja. nsomba awo tsopano kutiletsa ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi zida zambiri padziko lonse. Nthumwi yowala kwambiri zinyama apadziko pano ndi chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira.