Kodi kudziletsa gulu? Njira, mfundo ndi chiphunzitso cha kudzikonda gulu

Funso la zomwe amadzipweteka yekha bungwe, ndi chidwi kwambiri. Muchiyese m'nkhani ino. kachitidwe Self-bungwe - izi ndi ndondomeko sizingasinthe zomwe zimachitika mogwirizana kwa ophunzira ake zosiyanasiyana zikamera wa nyumba zosavuta.

Kuphunzira chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe zikusonyeza kuti ambiri lotseguka nyumba zovuta zomwe zigwirizana ambiri subsystems, waluso m'mikhalidwe yeniyeni zamoyo ndi kudzikonda bungwe.

Mbiri ya kuphunzira kudziletsa gulu

Kwa anthu ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe wodzikuza wakhala anaphunzira, ngakhale pa zamulungu kapena umboni mlingo nzeru zaumunthu, kuyambira nthawi ya Aristotle. Mazana a mapepala onena za mmene dziko ntchito, zimene zili muzu wa mtendere ndi kukhulupirika kwa chilengedwe wakhalapo kwa zaka mabiliyoni angapo. Makamaka pachimake vutoli wakhala m'zaka watha, mu theka lachiwiri. Kumakhudzana ndi chitukuko cha cybernetics.

kumvetsa cybernetic

Nzeru kwa nthawi yaitali chogwidwa ndi kuyang'ana pa ndondomeko monga chibadidwe zamoyo chodabwitsa yekha. Self-bungwe mu chikhalidwe, mwachitsanzo - chamoyo, moyo selo, anthu amalandira. Penyani gulu la mbalame, nyerere kapena njuchi, ndipo adzazindikira chimene icho chiri.

kumvetsa Cybernetic wodzilamulira gulu, icho ndiye matanthauziro a monga masanjidwe dongosolo centralized kumene pansi amalandira mauthenga ndemanga njira yokha monga zotsatira zake zomalizira, ndi kusankha yekha pamwamba, sanathenso kuganizira uziyenda enieni a dongosolo lino, kapangidwe kake, ndi kulenga njira kufotokoza chitsanzo, zimene zimachitika mu mayanjano zovuta.

Non-chakale njira

Mkati mwa cybernetics mu theka lachiwiri la 1950s ukuonekera nonclassical azimuth anakhazikitsa phunziro la machitidwe osiyana (kudziletsa gulu la kanthu, anthu). Mwa chimango ichi, limagwirira ndi inali pafupi ndi synergistic kuposa cybernetic (amene ankaona tingachipeze powerenga). Norbert Kuwotcha, woyambitsa wa cybernetics, ndi limodzi mwa neklassikov amene ankafufuza mfundo wodzilamulira bungwe. M'zaka za m'ma XX, mu 1960 kumayambiriro, M. L. Tsetlin, Soviet wasayansi, analemba za chakuti ngati tikambirana kasamalidwe ndi njira kuthetsa zimene zikuchitika kuchokera pamwamba pansi, dongosolo adzakhala zovuta. Makina, ngati tapatsidwa malamulo okha ndi zoyenera, popanda kufunika malangizo. Kutanthauza maganizo ake, mfundo ya kudziletsa bungwe.

Synergetics monga mwambo

Mwambo synergy kuti anatuluka mu West mu 1975 unakhazikitsidwa monga malangizo atsopano mu sayansi, zingamuthandize kwambiri, kwambiri zambiri osiyanasiyana njira zosiyanasiyana wodzilamulira bungwe, poyamba ankaphunzira cybernetics. Mu ntchito za kukuchititsa zimenezi Tingaone kuti kudziletsa gulu monga chodabwitsa ndi kuoneka ngati chilengedwe onse si amoyo ndi zamoyo. Zinali ndi oyamba a sayansi akuti "Synergetics" anatero maonekedwe a njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu pa phunzirolo: cybernetic ndi synergetic. Kusiyana mfundo ziwirizi makamaka yokhudza kuganizira dongosolo khalidwe kumachitika pamene njira wodzilamulira gulu alipo.

Kusiyana synergistic ndi cybernetic njira

Njira cybernetic kumapereka lingaliro wina anakonzeratu cholinga chimene dongosolo awo akamasintha, kuzungulira umene bungwe lokha. Synergetic njira sikutanthauza chandamale. M'maonekedwe ake view monga zotsatira mukupanga pakati pa mbali zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo ndi owonetseredwa kudziletsa bungwe.

Total njira ziwiri

Ndipo Synergetics ndi Cybernetics amamangirira wofunika kwambiri kwa lingaliro monga "kasamalidwe", akutumikira zolinga zosiyana. Cybernetics akufotokozera njira ndi ma aligorivimu kuti n'zotheka kuti ntchito dongosolo moti Machitidwe zafotokozeredwa njira pasadakhale. Pa zimenezo, mu china synergy kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana ulamuliro, ndi chidziletso, gulu kuti ankafufuza monga anachita kwa iwo, ndiye mayiko osiyanasiyana amene kusintha dongosolo mchikakamizo pa izo a amazilamulira amenewa. Ndiko kuti, mchikakamizo cha inayake bungwe lolamulira la dongosolo bungwe cybernetic, ndi makhalidwe ake synergistic siliyankha bwanji magawo kulamulira. Iwo okha hule limagwirira wa mkati kudziletsa bungwe. Ndipo synergetic, ndi cybernetic machitidwe khalidwe zikuwoneka cholinga, koma yoyamba, dongosolo amasankha njira ya chitukuko lokha akuluakulu a bungwe, ndipo izi amayikidwa mu pasadakhale mu cholinga wachiwiri.

Synergetics ndi kudzikonda gulu

Lero, tanthauzo la "kudziletsa bungwe" pafupi ndi lingaliro la "synergy." Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ofanana matanthauzo sayansi. Ndipotu mfundo ziwiri izi kuphunzira njira danga ndi nthawi pali gulu kunja chipwirikiti (kudziletsa bungwe) ndi zochitika zosiyana (njira samodezorganizatsii) kuti zingaoneke mu machitidwe a chikhalidwe chilichonse, ndi zovuta, lotseguka ndi zazikulu disequilibrium. Onse limagwirira tatchulawa (synergistic ndi cybernetic) ndi maziko wamba: Kulumikizana, zokha akuwuka pakati mphepo, amakulolani kulenga dongosolo, gulu la dongosolo chifukwa kuchitidwa popanda lamulo ulamuliro anganene m'deralo.

Khalidwe machitidwe kudziletsa yokonzekera

Poyamba, kunena chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda bungwe, pano mu kachitidwe zovuta, amaganiza kudzipereka kwawo kwa mtendere homeostatic, kuteteza mtima wosagawanika. Mwachitsanzo izi mumaganiza chachikulu khalidwe la kudziletsa kukonza mayanjano: kukhala kutali zedi pa boma la chisokonezeko, pazipita mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito mgwirizano. Synergetics, pa dzanja ena amati palibe chitukuko popanda mavuto ena kumachitika mwachisawawa, nkhawa. Akayambana ndi Kusakhazikika amathandiza kuti Kusankha ndi chizindikiritso cha bwino. The mavuto azachuma, mwachitsanzo, khalidwe, bungwe, amapereka mwayi kwa achinyamata ndi yogwira kuti alimbikire, monga aulesi ndi ofooka - kusiya malo awo mu msika. dongosolo, sipangakhalenso wabwino, monga amadziwa malire kuti n'zotheka m'dera limeneli Kusakhazikika analola stochasticity, ndi akudzidziŵikitsa pa malamulo ena mu boma, mphamvu ndi njira wodzilamulira bungwe. Ndiko kuti, iye amene amalimbana ndi mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito ndi chiopsezo.

Self-gulu la kachitidwe - ndondomeko ya kusintha makhalidwe ake (kapena udindo) lachokera popanda ena akulimbana kuyambira kaya magwero tcelepolaganija. Kumukopa zimayambitsa makinawa akhoza kukhala mkati ndi kunja. Ndi khalidwe zinthu monga kudzikonda bungwe mu chikhalidwe, anthu, kapena mchitidwe omwe si moyo. Mukhozanso kukambirana za miyambo ya ndondomekoyi.

Zogwiritsira kudziletsa gulu zimagwirira

Tapeza kuti wololera bungwe mu chikhalidwe, si moyo machitidwe ndi anthu. ndi asilikali ake chiyani? Mndandanda wa njira zonse wodzilamulira gulu zikuphatikizapo kusankha, chibadwa, kusintha. Izi ndi zimene NN Moiseev, academician, amatanthauza msika. Kuti amapereka zosiyanasiyana zimene mungachite ndi kukhazikika, malamulo dongosolo ndi mfundo za kusankha kusankha anthu yabwino kwambiri. msika, la Mose, anaphunzira Ricardo ndi Smith - imakhala nkhani yapadera ya otchedwa msika chilengedwe. Nature sakanakhoza kubwera ndi chiwembu wina. Choncho anthu kupita panjira kale adamupondera, chifukwa ena chabe kulibe: mfundo imene bungwe chuma cha chikhalidwe ndi chuma anthu tikhulupirira.

Mitundu wodzilamulira gulu

Nthawi zina akatswiri apeza chikhalidwe, kwachilengedwenso ndi luso zosiyanasiyana kudziletsa bungwe, kukhulupirira kuti asilikali awo mfundo zosiyanasiyana:

- chikhalidwe (kudziletsa gulu la anthu) zachokera wina pulogalamu chikhalidwe cha harmonization ubale, kuphatikizapo malamulo, mfundo zofunika, zomwe kusintha pa nthawi;

- pulogalamu kwachilengedwenso zachokera kuteteza mitundu (majini), komanso kusankha, chibadwa ndi kusintha (Darwin wa ku);

- zochokera pulogalamu luso kuti amachita yeniyeni aligorivimu basi kosangalatsa kanthu m'mikhalidwe mosiyanasiyana (Autopilot, miyala homing ndi zina zotero).

Lodziwa kudziletsa bungwe, chidziwitso cha ubale alipo pakati ndi bungwe mu boma likuyendetsera - Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya sayansi. Mu gulu lirilonse, kampani ndi kulamulira maganizo anasonyeza mwa mapulani, zikalata, malamulo, malangizo, malemba, pali nthawi zonse kudziletsa gulu zomwe imakhudzana ndi katundu wa dongosolo lonse, ndi synergies makamaka. Choncho kuchuluka kwa wololera gulu ayenera? Kodi pali mfundo ambiri, ngati n'zotheka mothandizidwa ndi nzeru zopindulitsa ndiponso kukhala chinenero chamakono pankhaniyi malangizo?

Self-bungwe mu boma likuyendetsera

Amadziwika kuti okhwima kwambiri dongosolo kulamulira, choncho pali zochepa mpata kwa chilengedwe ndi kudzikonda bungwe. Koma kusasunga mu ufulu zimatengedwa zinthu za dongosolo, sitingathe kukwaniritsa cholinga anafuna ife. Self-gulu la anthu, pa dzanja limodzi, zimatheka ndi ntchito wosaloleka, mgwirizano mwamwayi. Koma ena - zikomo kwa mwadongosolo, kanthu cholinga umalamulidwa ndi chandamale olemba bwino.

Choncho, kodi kudziletsa bungwe anthu? Mu boma likuyendetsera kusanduka adzatenge zotsatirazi:

- Kupezeka kwa wina chisanadze cholinga chimene dongosolo awo akamasintha, samoorganizuyas padziko vutoli. Mbali yofunika zofunika nzeru chitukuko, zinthu, kukula akatswiri komanso kumapangitsanso kutchuka ntchito ziwalo.

- Wokonzeka Kusintha, kusinthasintha ndi masiyanidwe a nyumba ulamuliro. Utaposedwa njira utsogoleri wa chitukuko ndi m'maganizo. Modern maukonde kapangidwe kusintha kulimbikitsa synergies wogwila, potero kupereka kuwonjezeka mu zotsatira okwana. Masanjidwe molimba kumanzere kudzimvera gulu la mbali yaing'ono. Izo kumaonekera chakuti yaing'ono mayunitsi palokha zosagwirizana ndi zintchito nyumba malamulo kuti akatchinge mgwirizano zochita pa yopingasa ndi choimirira.

- siyana, osiyana, kuchuluka zokolola munthu ophunzira, ubwenzi wa aliyense kutenga mfundo zoyendetsera, ndi wofuna ntchito.

- Gwiritsani ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolinga za akupereka mauthenga, mphamvu kupanga luso, chidziwitso, etc.

- Kudziletsa, kudziletsa maphunziro, kudzikonda maphunziro. Kampani Mwaichi ayenera kulenga zinthu zina.

- UTUKULA ZA UMOYO chofunika kulimbikitsa gulu mlingo lotsatira (kusintha kapangidwe, chitukuko cha chandamale latsopano, kudzikundikira zokhudza kukonza).

Tafotokoza kuti kudziletsa bungwe, tanthauzo lake, kulunjika ndi mitundu. Monga mukuonera, ichi akuti generic lero anatchulidwa zochitika mu zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo. Ndiko kuti, kudziletsa gulu la nkhaniyi ndi dera ofanana kwambiri. Zimenezi ndi chidwi kwambiri monga chilengedwe chuma cha kachitidwe.