Asilikali Terms ndi Matanthauzo

Asilikali mawu - gulu lalikulu la mawu mu chinenero. Cholinga cha chinenero ichi ndi zoti zinthu, zochitika ndi mfundo zokhudzana ndi kuwagonjetsa ndi chitetezo - pa mitu chapakati mu mbiri ndi ndale za nthawi zonse.

Kusankhidwa kwa terminology asilikali

mawu asilikali ndi matanthauzo ndi mbali ya lotseguka dongosolo wochitachita wa chinenero, amene ungasinthe ena, ndipo akukhala mogwirizana ndi malamulo achindunji chitukuko.

Kuyambira kale, pamene zochitika asilikali kuika patsogolo, inkayenda mu dongosolo osiyana, ali kukodzedwa ndi Mfotokozera Wamawu Ofananira anangotchula mawu enieni amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri asilikali vuto la nkhondo ndi asilikali pamoyo: m'dera nkhondo, mfundo ndi mabodza, zida, nkhondowo maphunziro. Ndi zovuta kuchuluka kwa zida za nkhondo ndi chitukuko cha mwayi mwatsatanetsatane ndi njira anayamba kuoneka ndi wotetezedwa wotchula chinenero: asilikali, ndege zankhondo ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya. Lotha tactically zinthu ikuyenda m'gulu la historicism: ballista, katiriji malamba, tebulo la mabungwe ndi apakavalo, ndi Red Army. Muli indivisible lonse "pachimake" universals yaitali opulumuka m'ma: asilikali, Captain, yapamadzi Mendulo chigonjetso.

Kwenikweni udindo wake terminology asilikali akutumikira zofuna za anthu ndi boma, monga amagwirizana ndi njira madzimadzi mu moyo andale (onse kunja ndi mkati).

Gulu la Terms ankhondo ndi Matanthauzo

Masiku ano, mawu a asilikali ndi mfundo, komanso zinthu akuimira, iwo ali mu mkhalidwe chitukuko wochitachita mu zinthu mopitiriza sayansi ndi luso patsogolo. Komabe, mu chigawo chomwe mufuna, chomwe chili, liwu amakhalabe wagawo khola sasintha kufunika kwake.

Pakati pa terminology asilikali izo anaganiza kuonetsetsa magulu otsatirawa:

• mawu zankhondo ndiponso zandale (njira, mwatsatanetsatane);
• usilikali ndipo zamtendere mawu (bungwe);
• asilikali luso mawu (a nthambi zosiyanasiyana za asilikali ndipo nkhondowo mikono).

Development wa terminology mu Chirasha

Magwero a terminology asilikali mu chinenero Old Russian Tingaone mu malemba a "Lay" (mwina 1187). Popeza "Mau" laperekedwa kwa nkhondo apa molemera ankaimira mawu lankhondo la nthawi yake yaikulu: Regiment, kutukwana brigade, asilikali, Shelom, zishango, mikondo, uta, muvi, etc ...

Komanso, m'zaka XVII, monga chitukuko cha chinenero mu anayamba umalowa mu ngongole ndi Latinism Germanisms. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yomasulira German m'buku la "The Art Nkhondo oyenda." (Lofalitsidwa mu 1647) ali zambiri mawu German nkhondo, pali: musketeer, msilikali, msilikali, mkulu, ndi ena.

M'kupita kwa mgwirizano asilikali ndi nkhondoyo bwino mu zaka XI-XVII. mawu asilikali limayenda ndi mawu ochokera m'zinenero Turkic: phodo malaya, chenjerani ndi anthu ena.

Pa nthawi ya Peter Chirasha linatukuka ndi asilikali ndi m'madzi zikomo terminology cha khama yogwira kusintha kwa woyamba Russian mfumu. Kudzera chitukuko cha shipbuilding ndi ngongole ya zipangizo zatsopano kuchokera Dutch ndi English analowa mawu panyanja, tsopano n'kumwalira mu zochitika asilikali kuti: kunkhondo, bulu pennant waterway, bwato ndege (. Holland), Bwato, brig, midshipman (Eng.).

France ndi Germany, asilikali amene anali mu nyengo ya zaka mazana XVIII-XIX. kwambiri bungwe ndi odziwa bwino, kuti anadzetsa kulankhula mawu athu ngati asilikali monga asilikali battalion asilikali, flitches, kuukira, kumenya, Captain, ulendo, wanga, asilikali okwera pamahatchi, mthenga munda injiniya squadron (FR.), chomenya, kumenya, guardhouse, kulankhula chinenero bandolier, msasa (izo.), ndipo ena. anathandiza chakuti chinenero Italy 'anadza' Carbonaro, ndi Knight, ndi barricade, phata, zida ndi ena.

Mu Russian amakono ambiri a ngongole anabweretsa Chingerezi ndi maloto American. Kwenikweni ndi ntchito asilikali ndi zida za nkhondo, terminology ndi matanthauzo amene analogues mu Chirasha: ndege - ndege Sniper - chowombelera, sitima zapamadzi - sitima zapamadzi aviator - woyendetsa komanso anthu ena.

mawu Lexicography asilikali

Kuika pamodzi ndi watanthauzo "asilikali" nkhokwe ya chinenero, analemba dikishonale ya mawu asilikali - zovuta. Pa dzanja limodzi, pali malo lotseguka yokumbukira mbiri ya chinenero, pa zina - yeniyeni mwamsanga kufunika codify ndi dongosolo ofanana kuphatikizapo amatsatira malamulo a mtundu wa asilikali.

Mu 2011, gulu la olemba pansi pa editorship wa D. O. Rogozin ntchito yaikulu sayansi anawakonzera - ndi matanthauzo apadera a "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere mu mawu ndi matanthauzo." lotanthauzilirali mawu asilikali laperekedwa kwa poyamba anaitanidwa kukhudzana gulu onse terminology yeniyeni. Inapeza Nkhani umunthu odzipereka mwapadera anangotchula pansi zigawo zosiyanasiyana - mutu wa nkhondo ndi mtendere, nkhondo, mbiri zankhondo, panopa mavuto apakhungu a chitetezo cha dziko ndi mayiko. Mwachitsanzo, mu dikishonare amaliona pansi malamulo achisilikali m'madera - mawu amene pa kumva, ngakhale m'madera mtendere:

• karate lamulo - ndi njira analamula ya zida mphamvu mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za nkhondo (ie, kuzipereka kwa apamwamba .. za ntchito udindo).

Terminological dictionary mavuto kutanthauzira kwa sayansi asilikali ndi chiphunzitso nkhondo, mbiri ndi gulu la asilikali ndi zida zankhondo, komanso zachuma, malo, pedagogy, mbiri ndi chilamulo zogwirizana munda.

Kumbali usilikali "Amoyo" dongosolo chinenero

Monga tikudziwa, moyo alibe kuima. Masiku ano, mawu a asilikali, komanso zinthu akuimira, ali mu mkhalidwe chitukuko wochitachita mu zinthu mopitiriza sayansi ndi luso patsogolo. Mavuto makamaka ndi systematization za thupi zochuluka za mphatso: malinga LF Parparova, chiwerengero cha amapereka asilikali ano ukufika pafupifupi 3 miliyoni zinthu mabuku.

Komanso, amatchuka kuti kutsegula kwa "kubereka" mawu enieni ndi matanthauzo zidzachitika asilikali "bursts", kutanthauza mu nthawi ya nkhondo, kusokonekera chosintha, mikangano pa malo mitundu ndi zipembedzo: uchigawenga, separatism, "Bandera" Shahid " lamba kudzipha " ndipo T. d.

Asilikali terminology zolankhula

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito mawu asilikali si likulu ndi m'misasa patsogolo ndi KUKHULUPIRIRA, - pa masamba a manyuzipepala otchuka ndi magazini, TV kuphimba zochitika zandale, vuto la asilikali Russian, nkhondo, ndipo, ndithudi, woyambitsa mtolankhani asilikali simungakhoze kuchita popanda mawu wapadera .

Zilankhulo SG wabweletsela-Minasova anazindikira kuti dikishonare ya Chirasha zolembalemba kufotokoza nkhanza ankaimira "katundu" kusankhapo 98, ndi kukoma mtima ndi kudzichepetsa - mawu onse 11 ndipo mawu. Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti ngakhale ntchito achabe a chinenero wabisika ndi zida zochuluka "mikondo ndi mivi".

Udindo wa fanizo mu terminology asilikali

Poona mbiri ya anthu monga yothandizira "mbiri nkhondo", tisaiwale kuti lotanthauzira asilikali atagonjetsa madera ambiri a moyo (ndale, kukambirana, utolankhani, kukambirana paokha ndiponso kulankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku), enmeshed mu zopezera mafanizo: kulimbana chiyero cha nkhondo cholembera; facials mwanthabwala amatchedwa "lolemera zida zankhondo" mu nkhokwe wamkazi wa mankhwala khungu chisamaliro, ndi zina zotero. d.

mawu zophiphiritsira chabe alipo mu mawu a asilikali palokha, ndipo nthawizina ena a zitsanzo latsopano la chida amatchedwa "kutsindika ndakatulo," Mwachitsanzo: kudziletsa injini matope 2S4 "Tulip", kudzikonda injini zida zankhondo wagawo 2C1 "Carnation", towed mfuti 2A36 "huwakinto AB" katundu flamethrower dongosolo tos-1 "Buratino" intercontinental njira zovuta "Topol-M" ndipo T. d.

Choka makhalidwe terminology nkhondo zambiri zochokera kuganiza associative kapena nkhani za munthuyo. Choncho, kufotokoza maganizo kukopa mawu kufotokoza dzina wamba kapena lingaliro: booby msampha; "M'mabande" a thanki; "Scythe Imfa" (mfuti ya makina pa nkhondo First World); thanki, mphika (thanki pa First World nkhondo), ndi Tsar thanki, "Grach" (Lamulungu 25 ndege).

mawu asilikali vuto yomasulira

Pomasulira malemba yachilendo zokhala ndi mawu asilikali ndi matanthauzo kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mavuto chifukwa cha kusiyana chinenero, chifukwa:

• kusowa kufanizira pakati pa mfundo ndi weniweni (Army - ndi mphamvu pansi, osati gulu lankhondo);
• osayenera kapena chosakwanira mwangozi mawu (a usilikali Academy - ndi sukulu asilikali, osati sukulu nkhondo);
• kusiyana m'gulu la asilikali a machitidwe osiyanasiyana m'maiko;
• kusiyana wagawo kapangidwe ka gulu (ankhondo mu British Army - platoon, ndipo mu Army US - nzeru kampani);
• lalifupi "moyo chimakwirira" mawu payekha (mwachitsanzo, zayamba otanthauzira osiyana mawu woyamba ndi wachiwiri zapadziko lonse, ngakhale pasanathe zaka 30 zapita pakati pa iwo);
• pali asayansi achidule ndi acronyms, zovuta kuwerenga;
• kuchuluka kwa slang (mapazi anga youma - kuwuluka dziko; No chimwemwe - chandamale si wapezeka).