Kazakhstan a GDP: kapangidwe ndi mphamvu. Kazakhstan: GDP pa munthu

Kumbali ya zizindikiro chuma Kazakhstan ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri ndi bwino dziko ku Central Asia. Imodzi mwa mphamvu khumi zopezera ndalama za Europe. Magwero chachikulu cha ndalama amaonedwa mafuta ndi mchere, komanso luso lopanga ndi makampani zitsulo ntchito. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Kazakhstan mwina dziko yekha mu Africa, amene akutukuka pa mofulumira zosaneneka ndi ulimi zimachitikanso.

vuto la zachuma

Utatha wa USSR panali kwambiri sichikuyenda ndalama dziko, chimene chinafika mpaka 1995. Ngakhale chuma anali pafupi kukwera mtengo kwa mkulu. Bajeti ndalama kwambiri kuposa ndalama. Panali vutoli mfundo mitengo. Akuluakulu mbasowa chogwirira pa tidaipanga okhawo. Zonsezi zapangitsa kuti nyamuka lakuthwa mu mitengo ndi ulova. Dongosolo ngongole wayamba okha kutuluka.

Mu 1993, ndalama dziko wakhala anayambitsa mu Kazakhstan, imene inkatchedwa "KZT". Amapanga olimba a mlingo kuwombola zinachititsa kuti kugwa mu linanena bungwe ndi kufufuma. Choncho, GDP kuchepa anali oposa 9%. Mu 1995, dongosolo ngongole wakhala kusintha. mfundo amenewa ndalama ali kuwalamulira hyperinflation 60%. Mu 2007 panali kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu GDP Kazakhstan mwa pafupifupi 30%. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chithunzi ichi kumawonjezera yekha. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi kukula kugunda GDP anagwa pang'ono. Chifukwa chachikulu ichi ndi kusakhazikika kwa macroeconomy lonse. Matenda wonse ndalama maziko wopanga mfundo zothandiza pa msika zoweta. Komanso, ndi chiwerengero kwambiri za bajeti adzabweranso ndi ndalama kuchokera zokolola lalikulu.

zizindikiro zachuma

Pakhomo pazipita wa devaluation m'mbiri ya Kazakhstan unkachitika mu 1999. Ndiye chithunzi inali pafupi 59%. Chifukwa devaluation anali chomaliza kusintha kwa tenge lapansi. Mu 2009, mlingo wa kuchepa mtengo anaima pa 17%.

Koma kufufuma, mu 1990s oyambirira, iwo unali pafupi 210%. M'tsogolo, maziko chuma kwachititsa okhazikika ndalama mtundu wa dziko. The osachepera mlingo wa kufufuma anati mu 1998 - 1,9%. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, osamwa 6%. Kunja ngongole Kazakhstan Mitandadza a madola mabiliyoni 150. Uwerenge kumawonjezera chaka chilichonse. Mpaka zaka zingapo zapitazo, ngongole ndinali pafupi $ biliyoni 108.

makampani Kaperekedwe

Mmodzi wa opindulitsa mafakitale chachikulu ndi luso lopanga. Phindu pa m'ntchito imeneyi ndi pang'ono osachepera 8% ya GDP Kazakhstan a. opanga Local kubala zipangizo makampani migodi, makampani zoyendera. Only mu 2012, oposa 12 zikwi Chikazaki galimoto anafika pa dziko msika.

Iron ndi zitsulo ndi 13% ya okwana GDP la dzikolo. Chaka chilichonse, zomera ku Kazakhstan atamupopa ndi kukonzedwa matani biliyoni 8 zitsulo. Nonferrous zitsulo si wochepa ndi wakuda kwa gawo yeniyeni ya GDP. chiŵerengero chake ndi 12%. Kwenikweni zomera zitsulo ankachitira zotayidwa, nthaka, kutsogolera ndi mkuwa. A kuchepera kupanga - magnesium, titaniyamu ndi ores ena osowa.

Pakali pano, Kazakhstan ndi chimodzi mwa Waogula Zinthu Kunja waukulu mkuwa dziko. Ambiri mankhwala kugula Germany ndi Italy. Komanso, dziko mayina madipoziti zagolide 170. Kazakhstan a GDP kapangidwe popanda chifukwa zachokera mafakitale. Tengani ngakhale makampani mankhwala. Kwa kupanga phosphorous ndi zinthu zenizeni Kazakhstan ndi wachitatu waukulu mu Europe ndi ku Asia. makampani Petrochemical umabala osiyanasiyana zipangizo zosiyanasiyana luso monga palafini, dizilo ndi mafuta kukatentha, mafuta ndi monga D..

Komanso, dziko ndi kukhazikika bwino yopanga zomangira. Kufufuta, simenti, mapaipi, linoleum, faience, matailosi, kaolin wa, heaters, radiators, miyala, etc. gawo Izi ali 4% ya GDP. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chachikulu patsogolo chitukuko cha gawo la mphamvu.

zokolola Agriculture

Cholowa cha GDP Kazakhstan a pambali kuti mtundu uwu wa zochitika zambiri kuposa 5%. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chithunzi ichi wauka zikuchepa. Back m'ma 1990s, ulimi ukutchulidwa% 1.8 okha chiweruzo GDP. Kuyambira mu 2002 pa zomwe mabiliyoni makampani a madola izo wasonyeza. Zofunika kwambiri chigawo chimodzi cha m'dera "ulimi" ndi kulima mbatata, oilseeds ndi mavwende. Zokolola okwana kuchuluka nthawi 6 pa zaka zapitazi 10. M'pofunikanso kuona kuwonjezeka phindu kwa kugulitsa masamba ndi zipatso. Kuyambira mbewu kopindulitsa kwambiri sankaoneka ngati tirigu, balere, Mapila. Pa kumadzulo kwa dziko zili ponseponse yofesa chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa.

Ng'ombe ikusonyezedwa mphamvu negative. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ziweto ali anatsika ndi pafupifupi theka.

Chiwerengerochi malonda okhonda

Chinthu choyamba pa mlingo wa GDP ku Kazakhstan amakhudza zogulitsa kunja. Anthu ndi mabungwe waukulu malonda a Republic ankaona ku Baltic ndi CIS. Iwo mlandu 59% wolowa okwana. Choyamba chikuchitika mu mndandanda Russian. Bwinobwino kukhala asapita malonda ndi mayiko ena, monga ngati Germany, Czech Republic, Turkey, Italy, Switzerland, USA, England, Korea South.

The malonda pachaka zolowa pakati Kazakhstan ndi Russia ndi za $ 30 biliyoni. Ambiri mwa katundu wa malonda mafuta zatenga, ndiye zitsulo ndi ores. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti% 20 kokha allocated ku magawo ena onse a ulimi ndi ntchito. Tanthauzo mankhwala chachikulu ndi mafuta, zipangizo, magalimoto, zida malonda chakudya.

chuma

Mlingo avareji GDP la Kazakhstan ikukula chaka chilichonse. Unakwaniritsa chotero zabwino azimuth kuyamika dongosolo ogwira mkati ndalama. Back mu 1998 ndi zikuluzikulu kusintha penshioni zinachitikadi mu dziko. Mu sitepe yotsatira kusintha mu msika wogulitsa kakusintha. Cha m'ma 2014 m'dziko unathandizira pa 38 mabanki dziko.

Tikumbukenso kuti onse wotuluka kwambiri ndalama bwinobwino kufufuzidwa makomiti boma zogwirizana ndi ntchito. The nkhani zachuma mu Kazakhstan ndi kuyang'aniridwa okhwima akuluakulu.

Mavuto aakulu kwambiri a zachuma chaka 2008 ku Republic. Komabe, kuchepa GDP inatenga awiri okha kumpanda malipoti.

kukula zachuma

2014 zinali zodzaza ndi slowdown lalikulu mu dziko mu chionetsero cha okwanira ndi akumufuna. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali mphamvu zoipa GDP Kazakhstan a. chiwerengerochi anagwa kuchokera 6% 4%. Iwo anali wolumikizana ndi Kusakhazikika kwa mafuta makampani dziko. Komanso, kachitidwe sizabwino kufunika kwa mankhwala zitsulo ku Russia ndi China chinaoneka. Zonsezi mavuto osati GDP la Kazakhstan, koma m'dziko lonse dongosolo ngongole. Pakuti normalization wa akuluakulu zazikulu za citukuko dziko la asankha kukachititsa zolimbikitsa ndondomeko msonkho. Ndiponso, njira ya kugwa kwa boma la Kazakhstan tenge anali umalimbana kukhalabe nkhani chikhalidwe ndi makampani kuposa $ biliyoni 5.5.

kusintha ndalama

Pakali pano, boma la Republic akuyesa kuteteza kungasokoneze wa slowdown zachuma pa msika ntchito. Zina zidzayambitsa bankirapuse mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji pa magulu pachiopsezo kwa nzika zonse.

Pakuti olimba yokumba wa zachuma ndi mlingo wa GDP mu dziko kulowa mapulogalamu mphamvu zothandiza anthu. Ndalama amachokera Fund National ndi ku kusokonekera tsankho kwa ndalama za boma.

Mwa kusintha zinthu zina zofunika kuonetsetsa phukusi watsopano miyeso kukopa ndalama zakunja ndi tochepa thandizo.

Chiyembekezo ndi Kuwopsa

Posachedwapa pakhala kusintha chokhwima ku GDP Kazakhstan a. kusintha Only ikuyembekezeka kwa 2017. Monga wa 2014, kukula GDP anaima pa 4.1%. Mphamvu ya index izi adzagwa tsiku lililonse, mpaka malo a zachuma padziko lonse sadzakhala popezera mpata olimba. Impact pa mavuto m'banja ndalama Kazakhstan ndi kusagwirizana geopolitical m'chigawochi. Chinthu kwambiri zoipa kuchepetsa GDP dziko ndi mkangano Russia ndi Ukraine. Chifukwa cha zovuta izi kwambiri kupeza ndalama pakuti chiyembekezo khola nthawi yaitali.

Mphamvu za GDP mu 2015

Pa nthawi, pali stagnation yokumba wa chigawo chuma cha Republic of Kazakhstan. GDP pa munthu ndi za 13,6 madola zikwi. chiwerengerochi mu 2015 zikhoza kuchepetsedwa waukulu. Akatswiri ukuonetsa kuti kukula GDP angagwe 2%. Komabe, chaka chamawa chikuyembekezeka khalidwe lomwe zabwino 5.5%.

Mpaka mapeto a chaka chino, kulera mlingo wa GDP ndi sayembezereka, monga mitengo mafuta ndi zithunzi katundu kupitiriza kugwa.