"Asilikali Nakhimov" (cruiser): wamakono

Masiku ambiri yaikulu mphamvu zombo za Russian Navy mu 2018 n'kukhala cruiser "asilikali Nakhimov". Kutukula linayamba mu 2014 ndipo zaka zinayi, malinga ndi dongosolo. Ndiye lidzafika kwa chombo china - "Petra Velikogo", ndi flagship wa bungwe Federation, yomwe inamangidwa pa ntchito zomwezo, "Orlan» № 11442. Zimphona izi zikhoza kukhala pa ntchito kuchokera kugombe kwawo, kupereka pamaso asilikali mbali ina ya nyanja dziko. Pangani nkhondowo mayunitsi panyanja malinga ndi Soviet chiphunzitso asilikali a zoyambirira za 80 ntchentche za m'ma zapitazi, ndalama boma bajeti ya Soviet Union mu ndalama wozungulira (kumeneko anali anapezerapo zinayi), ndipo tsopano m'pofunika bwino kutaya cholowa. M'pofunikanso chaka mlingo wa mitundu ya sitima ndi dzuwa awo zotheka mu nkhani ya nkhondo.

zofunikira

M'maonekedwe zazikulu za citukuko maganizo, ndalama zonse ayenera idzachitika mogwirizana ndi kufunika makamaka. Boma lomwe lili sizikanatheka kuti kuteteza ufulu wawo padziko lonse, mosakayikira zomera zotumphukira. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mapangano lonse, pamaso pa nyumba mayiko supranational omwe amalamulira malamulo a anakhazikitsa, nthawi zambiri, wamphamvu mayiko pankhondo ntchito mphamvu mpweya, bulu ndi nthaka mphamvu, kuswa lililonse lolembedwa ndi osalembedwa malamulo kuonetsetsa ulamuliro wake dera. Pali Council Security UN kusamvana - zabwino, koma ngati sanalandire, ndi "ndodo chachikulu" wokonzeka. Kutsutsa chiopsezo cha mtundu umenewu, ndiponso pali sitima zankhondo yaikulu zoopsa "asilikali Nakhimov". Cruiser lakonzedwa kupereka mphamvu chivundikirocho squadron lonse kugwira ntchito pa kutali kwambiri. M'chilankhulo asilikali kumatchedwa "ziziyenda". Kwenikweni, izi ndi maziko a kugwirizana panyanja m'chombo, palibe mwayi kulandira thandizo kwa zapansi awo wochezeka kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja chifukwa cha kufufutidwa lalikulu ndi kuopsezedwa zochita ankhanza asilikali. Nyukiliya chida cruiser "Nahimov asilikali" akuyenera kukhala wokhoza kuulula pachiyambi "ambulera" wopangidwa mwa njira mpweya, mzinga, kapena machitidwe ena odana munganyansidwe kumuukira, ndipo ngati zosowa - kugunda kumbuyo amasokoneza.

chombo zomangamanga ndi luso "chozemba"

Mu Mipingo m'mawa Soviet asilikali mafakitale zovuta anali chitukuko cha mafakitale zikuphatikizapo zikwi makampani ndi mabungwe kafukufuku. Bwino kutukula zoweta machitidwe chitetezo kupereka ndalama wopatsa. Polenga zitsanzo latsopano kuganizira patsogolo kwambiri posachedwapa mu munda Zida mayiko MIKA - adani. Chitsanzo ndi ngalawa "asilikali Nakhimov". cruiser inamangidwa pa mfundo za aone otsika Rada wa thupi lake. Ndondomeko superstructures anapanga monga mapiramidi, wopangidwa mwa ndege mwachibadwa, pamwamba gawo ali ndi "ataunjikidwa" mkanda ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zayamba bwino. Kujambula Ntchito yapadera sayansi opanda cholakwa mankhwala kuvala kanthu kuwauza dzina la "varnish" ndipo sasiyana ku alipidwa ozungulira nkhani za Zombo Zankhondo, koma ndi zofunika wapadera Mbali kuyamwa cheza mkulu-pafupipafupi, kuchepetsa chinyezimiro awo. Akatswiri kukangana za mmene khama zothandiza kupereka yaing'ono Rada siginecha chinthu mamita 250 m'litali, koma zochitika sayansi m'munda muli phindu okha, polingalira ntchito zawo zina. Ndithudi, kotero sitima zazikulu sangathe yekha pa zenera makina ounikira, komanso Kanema, osati kutchula reconnaissance ndege. "Chozemba" luso akukhudza zotheka osocheretsa odana ndi chida mayunitsi malangizo. "Malo" glare pa TV amakhala ang'onoang'ono, kupatula cruiser akhoza polojekiti decoys ndi pakompyuta njira ABM.

mipata wamakono

Pazaka pafupifupi makumi atatu a pafupifupi njira zonse za luso ndi machitidwe zida m'chombo ali chakale, ndipo tsopano thupi yaikulu, zida ndi wamphamvu nyukiliya magetsi, ndi wapatali zombo za. Komabe, mtengo wa ichi "nsanja" ndi sitiyenera kunyalanyaza. Chitsanzo cha maganizo mosamala kwambiri mtengo chuma gawo akhoza kukhala Navy US. Zonse zazikulu mphamvu zombo US yemwe anamangidwa kutenga nkhani ya kukweza zotheka kabelkanaly okwanira ndi ogwiritsa miyeso akutsatiridwa kuti m'malo zida iliyonse - zinachitikira ano - si vuto. Kukonza wa cruiser "asilikali Nakhimov" imene yokhala inayamba mu 1998, anachedwa chifukwa chakuti panali kufunika kwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha kusintha kapangidwe wofunikila ndi wamakono ogwira. Tarka "Kalinin" (pansi uyu dzina chombo inamangidwa mu 1983 ndipo anatumikira mpaka mu 1993) sakanatha kukwaniritsa zinthu nkhondo nyanja ya lachitatu Zakachikwi. ntchito kukonzanso atatumidwa ndi kumpoto Design Bureau (St. Petersburg), mu elaboration ake adayima miyezi 21. Amati zolembedwa analipo pafupifupi biliyoni 2.8 rubles. Amaganiza kuti wamakono lonse la chombo ndalama makumi mabiliyoni. Pomwepo otsutsa amene amanena kuti mtundu wa ndalama, mukhoza kuyamba angapo mayunitsi latsopano kalasi "frigate" kapena "Corvette", ndi okwana mphamvu zambiri nkhondo. Opinion zoona, ali ndi ufulu kulibe, koma zombo kuwala kalasi si cholinga kuchita ntchito imene inamangidwa "asilikali Nakhimov". Cruiser ali zikuluzikulu opaleshoni osiyanasiyana, ndi yaitali kuposa wowonongayo, kapena BOD, chifukwa lonse la wamakono ake ndi chuma wolungamitsidwa.

About chithunzicho

Oyendetsa - anthu osati wolimba, komanso mwachilungamo wopembedzetsa. Alikufuna chonamizira aliyense kupewa kusiya doko pa chakhumi ndi chitatu, ndi kumakhulupirira Zizindikiro osiyana ndi sindimakonda maina Kalanga. Mwatsoka, mu nkhani iyi, pali nkhawa.

cruiser oti muli nazo zida "asilikali Nakhimov" anaikidwa pansi pa adalira wake kupewa adani ake ndi Japanese mu 1905 pamene Nkhondo ya Tsushima. Oyendetsa Anathetsa alimba mtima kumizidwa ofunkha zinthu zingapo mdani kwambiri kuonongeka ndi cruiser "Iwate" ndipo alibe manyazi ulemerero wa bulu Russian. "Varyag", amene anaphedwa ndi mavuto ofanana, dzina zake! Ankalengeza chombo ano.

Pasanathe chodziwika bwino ndi tsoka la wina "Nakhimov" - malonda steamship anthu ROPIT kuti Amira ku gombe Turkey mu 1897 pamene mphepo yamkuntho.

Mu 1941, pa zozizwitsa chitetezo cha Sevastopol, ndi Luftwaffe anali kumizidwa ngalawa "Red Ukraine" mmbuyomu (pamaso pa Civil Nkhondo), imene inkatchedwa "asilikali Nakhimov". Cruiser kumizidwa, kukhala kuchuluka kwa mabowo.

Mu 1960 iye inachotsedwa BSF Sitima ina, wodziwika ndi dzina la wotchuka panyanja mkulu. Mbiri latembenuzidwa kwachinsinsi: chida cruiser ndinali zaka fifitini yekha, ndipo pali nkhambakamwa kuti anali kale ankaphunzira zotsatira pa thupi m'madzi yoweyula akuwuka kwa bomba la nyukiliya.

Mu 1973, anabisa wina "asilikali Nakhimov". Kugwa kwa chotengera kafukufuku chinachitika, Eti, mu malo aakulu Russian panyanja mkulu anapanga imodzi kunkhondo wanzeru kwambiri - mu Bay Tsemess. Sitimayo mwadzidzidzi achisanu ndipo atapita lamanja pansi pa mlatho wa.

Chifukwa kuvulala aakulu analandira mu kugunda ndi sitima zapamadzi anali amene anapuma pantchito lalikulu odana ndi sitima zapamadzi ngalawa "asilikali Nakhimov". Cruiser (Tsushima), kafukufuku chotengera (ndi kuzizira Bay), cruiser wina (Sevastopol), wamalonda steamship (kugombe la kumpoto kwa Turkey), Kazakhstan (makilomita 50 kuchokera chakumwera kwa Crimea), - kuti Ofera Chikhulupiriro ichi n'kosatheka kuwonjezera mmodzi wa koipa mavuto apanyanja a onse mbiri kutumiza. Iwo anali nawo Sitimayo ikakhala "Peter Vasev" ndipo ngalawa pa nthawi ya kukulozani wodziwika ndi dzina "Berlin". Mu 1986, awiri chotengera lalikulu sakanakhoza kuphonya lililonse ena Novorossiysk Tsemess Bay. Pambuyo adzapambane pa mpikisano "Berlin" dzina lake "asilikali Nakhimov". tsoka zinapha miyoyo ya Ambiri mwa anthu ndi mamembala adalira.

Kodi mungatani sindimakhulupirira mu mphumi zawo dzina unlucky?

Ndipo komabe, chifukwa "Nakhimov"?

Pamwambapa si zimapanga tsoka nkhani zinsinsi a Mabwana Oyang'anira Ntchito amene ali ndi udindo kusankha dzina sitimayo. Ndipo ngati zochita, ngakhale ziwerengero wotelo, komabe anavomera, pali chifukwa chomveka izi. Komanso, mudziwe zambiri tsankho kusanthula tinganene kuti Zombo Zankhondo amene anavala dzina la wotchuka panyanja mtsogoleri, ambiri a iwo ayenera kukumbukira, ndipo zotsatira zawo amanyadira za dziko lakwawo ndi ana ake amphamvu. cruiser oti muli nazo zida "asilikali Nakhimov" mobwerezabwereza pamodzi ndi adalira wake ft onyada "Varyag", mu 41st sitima wina anamenyana ndi mdani chipolopolo lomaliza.

Imfa sitinganene kuti mwangozi kapena zopusa zinali amunamuna.

Nkhani zina ziwiri, kusiya kwa zombo anatenga malo popanda kufa, mu mphamvu majeure bwino ndi lamulo.

asilikali

Pavel Stepanovich Nahimov anapita njira Russian kapitawo onse, anayamba ntchito yake cadet panyanja sukulu ndi kutenga imfa zozizwitsa kuchokera zipolopolo mdani pa phata la Sevastopol ndi epaulettes wa asilikali pa mapewa. Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu anali ulendo wautali kwa gombe la Denmark ndi Sweden, kulandira udindo wa kapitawo chilolezo, anaikidwa 2 panyanja zofikira Petersburg doko (1818). Mu 1822 iye anali kupereka dongosolo la St. Vladimir IV digiri mbali mu kuzungulira lapansi. Analamula batire sitimayo pa cruiser "Azov" pa Nkhondo ya Navarino ndi lodziwika bwino frigate "Pallada", anapanga mbali ya squadron wa F. F. Bellinsgauzena. The Black Sea zombo watumikira kuyambira 1834, analamula kuti nkhondo "Silistra". Iye anatenga gawo mu ntchito mu Caucasus, amene anali kupereka dongosolo la digiri St. Vladimir III. Mu October 1852 iye analimbikitsa kuti wotsatila asilikali.

Amunamuna Sevastopol Saga woyeneradi mawu osiyana. Mkulu khalidwe panyanja mkulu anaonekera ake momveka bwino kwambiri. Kukumbukira kuti munthu wotere ndi woyenera kupatsidwa dzina lake ankavala amphamvu komanso zamakono chida cruiser. Asilikali Nakhimov - Russian dziko ngwazi.

Yambani kukulitsa

Pambuyo kuvomereza komaliza ndi kuvomereza zolembedwa ndi luso zinali pamapeto a kanthu kwenikweni. Kuyamba Ayenera kumasula m'chombo kuchokera KATUNDU lonse zida podikira utalembedwa-kutali ndi kutaya. ntchito imeneyi, ngakhale nthawi yambiri, koma yopindulitsa. A mbali yaikulu ya mtengo wa ntchito pa moyo wamakono adzakhala kuchepetsa ndi yopezera misa yaikulu ya chitsulo chabwinocho. Nyukiliya cruiser "asilikali Nahimov" wakhala gwero la chuma sekondale okwana kulemera matani 878, zomwe 644 - akakhala (chitsulo), zotayidwa ndi mkuwa kasakaniza wazitsulo (168 m), ndipo alloyed zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi mkulu mpweya okhutira (66 m). Komanso, magwiritsidwe nkhani ndiponso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zopezeka mu zida za magetsi ndi zamagetsi. Pa ndondomeko ya disassembly ndi kusanja anakhala okwana 20 mln., Amene ali ndithu zosakwana mtengo wa chuma.

Kuwonjezera mfundo yothandiza, ndondomeko dismantling zida zonse kosafunikira ndipo akwaniritse cholinga china: pazipita mpumulo malo kuchepetsa mvula ake. Chotero lalikulu flotation chipangizo si choncho n'zosavuta kukhala zouma mu Dock (caisson) - uyu amafuna pontoons, zaikidwa thupi (pali asanu). Awiri a iwo anali wokonzeka anasonkhana kwa yokonza ndege chonyamulira "Vikramaditya", poyamba yotengedwa ndi India. Zothandiza ndipo analandira pa kuphedwa kwa chochitika ichi dongosolo. Kupanga pontoons, kuyezetsa kwawo ndi unafunika chofunika nthawi komanso chuma ndalama. Panopa cruiser nyukiliya "asilikali Nahimov" uli mkati doko, ndi casing anamasulidwa superfluous onse nyukiliya mafuta kuchotsedwa riyakitala lapansi. Wamakono anayamba.

zolinga wamakono

Cholinga chachikulu ndi kupereka ntchito mtengo wa mayunitsi nkhondowo ya kumpoto zombo ankasirira nkhondowo chidacho. Izi zimafuna osati mmalo wathunthu wa lotha kuyambira 1980 zipangizo ndi zida kachitidwe, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti n'zotheka wamakono zina malinga ndi zofunikira za m'zaka zikubwerazi. Pakompyuta zida, miyala ndi ulamuliro machitidwe akusiya kufunika mofulumira mokwanira, ndipo sayenera kubwereza zolakwika okonza, ndi omanga mu Mipingo ya cruiser "asilikali Nakhimov". Wamakono, kupewa zaka zingapo, ayenera kukayezetsa zochepa kowawa ndipo kwambiri mtengo kusamalira.

Mwa ntchito nthawi yambiri ya shipbuilders Sevmash, amapezeka mu malo oyamba kuchotsa okonda chida nkhokwezi wopita 3M45 mivi chilengedwe maofesi UKSK 3S14 ofukula Launch. Mwina, ku chiwembu slanted adzakhala m'mbuyo (zambili za polojekiti ndi zobisika), koma kuthamanga sadzakhalanso kukhala ku malo anasefukira (uyu anali malinga ndi kufunika kwa "lona" chiyambi lotha 3M45). Total wanga ndi zaka 20, nambalayi wa iwo, ndipo adzakhala, koma aliyense wa iwo adzakhala ili dongosolo yodziyimira payokha ndi mivi anayi. Chiwerengero cha odana ndi mivi zingawonjezere kanayi ndipo adzakhala nambala 80.

iwo Kodi kukhala, mpaka ndikuganiza nthawi zambiri "onekisi" kapena "nofeki". cruiser ngati "ndege chonyamulira wakupha" mbiri zikusonyeza kuthekera akuphunzitsa zida spetszaryadami kuponya (nyukiliya). Chotero ambiri mivi mu nkhokwe "Nakhimova" sanauzidwe "wochezeka" njira ya ntchito. Ganizirani kuukira gulu la RCC kuli kovuta.

Kuwonjezera batire waukulu, Tarka chikuyembekezeka zida njira subsonic 3M14 anafuna mipherezero m'mphepete mwa nyanja lapansi. Anti-sitima zapamadzi adalira azichititsa zovuta "Pack-NK" (n'zotheka kuti mbali ya manja kusiya bwino kutsimikiziridwa ndi chakale "mathithi-NK"). Zotakasika mortars RBU-6000 m'malo "boas 1", angathe angathe chitetezo kuukira oponya.

Kutetezedwa mpweya

Zingakhale zilizonse kukhulupirira kuti Bureau "Sevmash" sasamala momwe angatetezere ndi zotheka kuukira ndege ndi mivi lina lalikulu mulingo wa nyanja monga "asilikali Nakhimov". Cruiser, ngakhale kuti onse ntchito kuonetsetsa mobisa ake, ndi aakulu kwambiri chinthu, ndi vuto la nkhondo asilikali n'kogwiritsa kukhala chandamale cha mdani odana ndi kachitidwe. Poyamba, ntchito chinyezimiro anaganiza mpweya kuukira Sam "Fort" C-300F ndi zabwino kwambiri, koma ayenera kusinthidwa chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa polojekiti ndiponso kufunika kwake kwa nthawi yaitali. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti adakwera VOP kusintha kolowera pansi pa ngalawayo PU chiwembu pafupi ndi makhalidwe a pansi zovuta S-500. Iwo mitundu porous, osati Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu, monga kale, ndipo, chifukwa compactness wake wamkulu, iwo adzakhala (mu nkhokwe ya odana ndi ndege chida adzakhala mazana ochepa). mtundu wina, ndithudi, si zochepa. Komanso C-500, kulamulira kumwamba pa chombo-mtsogoleri ndiponso "anamuperekeza" cholinga zida zankhondo chida zovuta "Carapace-M." Komabe, mfundo za utsogoleri panyanja, zifukwa zoonekeratu, satchula.

General maonekedwe a sitima ndi zinthu

Womkanikizawo zinawukhira mudziwe kuti munthu wamakono ena adzamva Kanyama kuphatikizapo ndi riyakitala nyukiliya, koma zikuoneka kuti kusintha structural sadzakhala ndi khalidwe chosintha. Kusintha wabwino - yekha kusokoneza, kotero akatswiri asilikali. "Asilikali Nakhimov" - ndi cruiser, ndi makhalidwe ntchito zimene ankaona wapadera mu ntchito yake galimoto n'zosayerekezeka. Pa kusamutsidwa zonse matani oposa 26,000 ndipo kutalika mamita 251, lili ndi magetsi, mphamvu ya zomwe (pa 100 MW) adzakhala zokwanira zopangira anthu mzinda wa kotala la anthu milioni. Kuwonjezera pa nyukiliya riyakitala chotengera ali awiri boilers kuthetsa. kusuntha wake (monga amalinyero kuitana mlingo) - 32 mfundo. Ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana malire, kudziyimira pawokha zonse ndi miyezi iwiri. Adalira tichipeza oyendetsa 630 ndi akuluakulu a alonda junior ndi mazana a alonda.

Pamene chombo adzabwerera kwa ntchito ya kumpoto zombo? Malinga ndi chikonzero cha izo ziyenera kuchitika mu 2018. Mwina kudzakhala ena mavuto osayembekezereka, amene kuwonjezera kukweza angapo. Koma izo amatipeza mu nyanja - kusinthidwa cruiser "asilikali Nakhimov". Photo ake lofalitsidwa mu periodicals, adzasangalala abwenzi a dziko lathu ndi N'kutheka kuti alepheretse adani ake. Osati chithunzi ...