Art. 432 wa Civil Code ndi ndemanga. Art. 432 wa Civil Code: Zinthu chachikulu cha mgwirizano

Panopa Russian malamulo amapereka zinthu zofunika kuti ayenera kutsata kuti mapeto a amachita amgwirizano kapena Multilaterial, makamaka ngati ndi zofunikira za Art. 432 wa Civil Code. Mgwirizano adalowa popanda kutsatira mfundo yakuti akhoza kuferatu.

zinthu zofunika

Ndipotu, kuti mgwirizano zofunikira onse a chilamulo, ophunzira kuti ndifikire mgwirizano pa zinthu mwamtheradi zake zonse zofunika. Kuti ndi momveka bwino h. 1 tbsp. 432 wa Civil Code, amenenso imalongosola zinthu zofunikira. Choncho, makhalidwe zofunika mu ndikupeleka ichi tikambirana monga umboni wa nkhani ya mgwirizano, komanso makonzedwe amene ankaona malangizo ofunika kapena malamulo kwa mitundu yeniyeni wotuluka. Kuwonjezera pa mawu ofunika a wopanga malamulo anatenga zonse pempho la chipani chilichonse kwa mgwirizano chofunika kukhala mbali chikalata pambuyo pangano waukuluwo. M'mawu ena, ngati wina wa zipani kuchepa amaona kuti munthu aliyense funso nawo ali akuyenera mnzathu, vuto adzakhala Moyo wa mgwirizano.

Kodi pangano?

malamulo Russian ikuti pangano ndi mogwirizana kwa ophunzira amgwirizano kapena Multilaterial ndikupeleka, amene ali ndi cholinga chimodzi - kupereka zotsatira chomwecho malamulo. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti pangano - tagwirizana kuti anamaliza pakati pa magulu awiri kapena kuposa. Popeza zili choncho, m'pofunika kuti ophunzira onse m'banja agwirizana pa zinthu zonse zofunika zakuthupi. Popeza ngati pangano, mgwirizanowo mosakayikira Ndizachidziwikire. Choncho kwenikweni kupeza mwa magulu onse pangano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndikupeleka yokhudza anthu oposa awiri, pakalibe harmonization mmodzi wa iwo, mgwirizanowo sadzakhala chomveka.

Fomu ya mgwirizano

Nkhani ikufotokozedwanso n'chakuti pangano ayenera kutha chofunika mawonekedwe nthawi zina. Ngati lamulo limeneli anakumana, ndiye, motero, ndi mgwirizano adzakhala anamaliza. Tikawonetsetsa, mwina kutchulidwa yosagwira ubwenzi contractual ndi sanali kugwilizana ndi lamulo limeneli. Ndiko kuti, sanali kugwilizana ndi mawonekedwe zolamulidzwazo potsata mwambo kapena magulu, pakubwera sanali mapeto a mgwirizano. Choncho, ngati chimatengedwa ngati si anamaliza, ndiye pamabwera zotsatira za wotuluka yosagwira ntchito.

Pakuti mapangano osiyanasiyana

Monga tanenera mu Art. 432 wa Civil Code, zofunikira mawu a mgwirizano ofunitsitsa ndi lamulo, choncho funso la zimene zikuchitikazi mu makamaka mgwirizano anamaliza pakati pa zipani, tiyenera kuziganizira pa kaonedwe ka kuti, malingana ndi mtundu wa mgwirizano ndi chosiyana. Choncho, ngati zipani mukufuna kunena ndi mgwirizano wa mphatso, ndiye mtundu wa ndikupeleka adzakhala mawu ake ofunika amene kale miyambo pa nthawi. zinthu izi salinso kwambiri kwa Mapangano Mwachitsanzo, kutsegula ndalama nkhani pangano kapena kudalira kasamalidwe pangano. Motero, adzakhala osiyana ndi zinthu zofunikira chifukwa mapangano okwanira, madongosolo, malipiro cashless, yosungirako, mgwirizano ndi ena.

Mu chochitika cha zoterezi amafuna mosamala kwambiri malamulo apadera lolamulira nkhani zina boma. Mwachitsanzo, pa mapeto a pangano pa midzi si ndalama ayenera kutsatira mutu zogwirizana wa Civil Code ndi malamulo wotuluka si ndalama. Chitsanzo china ndi depository mgwirizano. Pa zofunika zimene anali chidwi, angapezeke pofufuza Malamulo ntchito depository. Choncho, aliyense mtundu wa mgwirizano zinthu mwini zofunika akhoza anakhazikitsa malamulo, amene sadzakhala anthu ukuchita zina ndi nawo anthu osachepera awiri.

Nature ya mgwirizano

Civil yodalirika alinga kuti zinthu zakuthupi, ndipo kwina, Nzofunikira ayenera kuzindikira kuti mwachindunji kusonyeza chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano anamaliza pakati pa zipani. N'chifukwa chake sanali mupezeke pa chimodzi cha zinthu izi mu pangano adzakhala ndi zotsatira akuluakulu mavuto ndi pangano kwambiri anafika pakati pa gulu sadzatha kuwapatsa mmene ubwenzi malamulo amene ayenera kusandutsa asapita izi mu kuzikwanitsa ndi chofunika mawonekedwe.

The za nkhani zosiyanasiyana kwa kukambirana

Chigawo choyamba kuganizira chakudya cha Civil Code, monga kale tanena zikuonetsa kuti, kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa pangano lililonse zinthu zofunika ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi zofunika za chilamulo, m'kukoma malangizo malamulo, zizindikiro amene amayendetsa mitundu anasankha Mugone boma. Komabe, popanda ichi, chofunika kudziwa kupezeka ndi zikalata akachita amasonyeza nkhani ya mgwirizano. Izo ziyenera kukhala zenizeni ndi bwino kuti ophunzira. Kumene, kuwonjezera, mgwirizano tiyenela kuiganizila mawu kuzindikira mbali uthunthu wonse wa mavuto amene apempha kuti m'gulu chikalata ndi chipani chilichonse, ndipo mwina onse. nkhani zonsezi singasiyanitsidwe kuti kukhala anagwirizana, ndi Mwanjira imeneyi luso. 432 wa Civil Code ndi ndemanga thereto.

Mwachitsanzo

Chitsanzo kwa dongosolo chovomerezeka kutsogolera imene ndi cholinga cha kukhala m'kaundula wa eni masheya m'kaundula. Kudziwa zinthu zofunika mu mgwirizano ayenera kunena kuti mchitidwe normative kuti nthawi imeneyi. Pankhaniyi kuchita zimenezi zidzakhala chakudya zogwirizana ovomerezedwa ndi FCSM Maonekedwe nambala 27 pa October 2, 1997. Otuluka imeneyi, maphwando ayenera kugwirizana pa zinthu izi:

• amatsimikizira chitetezo ndi chinsinsichi zambiri;
• Kukhazikitsa kusunga kaundula wa masheya onse issuer ya;
• kusamutsa zochokera pempho mu pepala logwirika wa issuer wa mndandanda wa anthu woyenera kupeza phindu pa sheya;
• Kuphedwa kwa mitundu yonse ya zochita nthawi chimango;
• kusamutsa zochokera pempho mu pepala logwirika wa mndandanda wa anthu a issuer ndi, kulandira membala Msonkhano General wa ma sheya hoda;
• misonkhano, chisanadze pangano pa kasamalidwe rositala, zochokera anapereka njira kaundula wa mlandu ndi mapulogalamu ntchito ndi iwo;
• provisioning kusunga kaundula anu, kuphimba zikalata zonse pa zimene zochita ankachiritsa mu kaundula wa.

Ngati palibe chilichonse chosonyeza

Pali zinthu komwe machitidwe malamulo a mawu ofunika kwambiri a mgwirizano ndiribe akhazikitsidwa. Zikatero, magulu akufuna mnzathu ziyenera motsogozedwa ndi kukhazikika makamaka ngati pangano.

Kale ankafunikira kukwaniritsa kugwirizana kwa zinthu zimenezi ndi maphwando, monga phunziro la mgwirizano, mtengo ndi tsiku lomalizira. Komabe, mfundo zimenezi chingakhale ntchito kwa amachita zonse amgwirizano ndi Multilaterial. Pali zosiyanasiyana osiyana, kotero kulolerana wa chikhalidwe kuti si nthawi zonse kuchita. Mwachitsanzo, momwe mtengo palibe agwirire mu zida sanali repayable (zosadziwika ntchito pa chuma, perekani ngongole ndi zina zotero. N.). Komano, chikhalidwe chirichonse mgwirizano angaperekedwe udindo wa zinthu pa kuumirira chipani chilichonse.

Siteji ya kusainira mgwirizanowo

Nkhani mu funso Mzimuyo gawo limene mgwirizano ndi kuchitidwa. malamulo ndi allocated osachepera awiri a magawo awa. The choyamba - ndi maganizo zimatumizidwa ndi counterparty kuti ndikupeleka. The chachiwiri - chilolezo cha counterparty kulowa mu mgwirizano ndi moyenera, kukhazikitsidwa kwa maganizo izi. Monga Tingaone wotero chiwembu malamulo, osachepera limodzi mwa magulu ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwa kugonjera mwatsatanetsatane ku tsidya lina. Ngati kanthu zimenezi sizichitika, palibe kutenga mdani wanu. Pempho kwa wamaliseche amene anandituma Goliyati kuti E, otchedwa malamulo ndi makampani ndi kuvomereza kwake - kulandiridwa.

njira mayendedwe

Part 2 N. 1 tbsp. 432 wa Civil Code amapereka Njira yoyamba imene munthu angathe kugwiritsa ntchito kupereka malangizo. Yankholo mu pempholo kuchitapo kanthu, ndi kubwerera counterparty kulandira kudzipereka. Choncho, wotuluka zogulitsa a katundu ndi makonzedwe a misonkhano. Ngati acceptor kulandira pempholo, ndiye chikangoperekedwa ndi udindo, malinga ndi zomwe kulipira chifukwa cha.

A njira yachiwiri limanenedwa a mbali yomweyo, koma N. 2 tbsp. 432 wa Civil Code. Potsatira malangizo a ndime zimenezi, munthu amene akufuna kugonjera mwatsatanetsatane kuti mukumaliza mgwirizano, kupereka mnzake ake ndi udindo. Chosinthana ndi kudzipereka, iye ali ndi ufulu amafuna chipani ena tikudzipereka kanthu kapena, Tikawonetsetsa anawaletsa kuchita. Utakwaniritsidwa a zochita kofunika mbali imodzi ya chachiwiri adzakhala unkayenera kuti akwaniritse udindo.

Last N. 3 Art. 432 wa Civil Code amakhazikitsa m'njira yoyenera kupereka udindo chosinthana ndi zitsimikizo ena. Chotero mgwirizano mudzangokhala udindo chabwino cha magulu onse, ndipo ntchito pa nthawi imene kupereka alandirika chipani amenenso amapereka ena kudzipereka.

Pomaliza

Choncho, kugwira mgwirizanowo kuti okhwima zikhalidwe zake zonse zofunika ayenera kukwaniritsa. Komabe, zinthu izi zikhoza kukhala zosiyana, izo zonse zimadalira mtundu wa mapangano anamaliza pa mbali imene ntchito. Kutsatsa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi zinthu singasiyanitsidwe chifukwa mapeto a ndikupeleka iliyonse yokhudza anthu osachepera awiri. zinthu izi awiri kulenga ntchito zina pa maphwando, perpetrators awo. Bwinobwino zimene lisiti onse, komanso limayang'anira ndi mzake zinthu zonse ndi mphindi, maphwando motero kupereka mphamvu ndi zotuluka pa mgwirizano.