Nyengo ntchito. Alendo: nyengo Baibulo. ntchito nyengo

makina amakono opanga, zipangizo ndi mankhwala ena magetsi ayenera kutsatira nambala mokwanira lalikulu la zolemba zosiyanasiyana zolimbana. Choncho, mankhwala akufuna adzakomana amafuna wogula ndi zofunikira za matupi akuchita ulamuliro khalidwe. Chimodzi mwa zinthu izi ndi nyengo Baibulo.

terminology

Familiarization ndi funso lililonse tiyenera kuyamba ndi kuphunzira matanthauzo a ntchito. Choncho, choyamba tiyenera kuyesera kupereka chiphunzitso bwino kwambiri. Choncho, chitetezo - dongosolo la magulu, zomwe zikuphatikizapo zinthu zachilendo opareshoni, mayendedwe ndi kusunga mankhwala mafakitale ndi kulemekeza magawidwe macroclimatic padziko lonse. M'mawu ena, mawu imalongosola, akhoza opareshoni kapena kuti unsembe magetsi mu njira iliyonse. Poyankha, anamanga m'madera amene amalola kuganizira osiyana nyengo zinthu za chilengedwe.

zikalata normative

Chotero dongosolo ndi yotani ndi malamulo applicable ndipo ndi GOST 15150 "nyengo kusinthidwa". Muyezo imakhudzanso mitundu yonse ndi mitundu zipangizo, makina ndi mapulogalamu ena luso. zofunikira za chikalata pamwamba ndi kuvomerezedwa. The kuchotserapo yekha zochitika amalembedwa kuti "analimbikitsa" kapena "analoleza". Mofanana ndi alendo ena alionse "kusinthidwa nyengo" imalemba ntchito ankaona zikalata normative. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo.

1. muyezo mfundo imeneyi pa kapangidwe komanso kupanga mankhwala mafakitale. Komanso, tanthauzo lake wakhala kuvomerezedwa mu yokonza specifications pa chitukuko ndi kukweza wotsatira, chilengedwe cha mfundo.

2. ntchito nyengo iliyonse mankhwala, komanso specifications ena luso, ayenera anakhalabe mu mfundo mwachindunji.

3. opanga mankhwala ukunenedwa kwa yosungirako, ntchito ndi mayendedwe mu ranges wa mfundo za zinthu ankaona. Nthawi yapadera kwambiri, ndi specifications anyamula mndandanda wa zolakwika chovomerezeka mu utumiki.

4. Malinga ndi kuthekera luso ndi chuma mankhwala osavomerezeka luso, oyenera ntchito zazikulu-zigawo zingapo.

ntchito nyengo

Kwa mphindi pali magulu angapo omwe zochokera kulekana kwa m'madera chofanana zachilengedwe. Childs, zoti gulu linalake ikuchitika ntchito afabeti yoyenera ankachita. Taganizirani za lililonse gulu mwatsatanetsatane.

olemba Mu

Mu Baibulo Latin ndi zinaperekedwa mwa kalata "N". Chotero nyengo Baibulo ntchito m'madera yodziwika ndi zinthu zolimbitsa zachilengedwe. Komanso, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwala luso, kuwanena m'njira imeneyi akhoza kukhala pansi ntchito mu ofunda chinyezi, yotentha ndi otentha kwambiri, youma m'dera macroclimate, mmene ubwino pafupifupi Mtheradi pazipita mpweya kutentha pachaka kuposa madigiri 40 Celsius, ndipo chinyezi mtengo ndi wofanana ndi 80 peresenti kapena kuposerapo. Motero makhalidwe amenewa uyenera kuchitika pa maola 12 tsiku lililonse kwa nthawi yopitirira miyezi iwiri. Nayenso kuzizira ali ndi makhalidwe awa Kunja: pachaka pazipita mtheradi kutentha si upambana madigiri makumi Celsius. Kuyambira takambiranazi Ndizachidziwikire kuti nyengo Baibulo Y ali zotsatirazi kutentha osiyanasiyana kuchokera -45 ⁰ C kuti +40 ⁰ C.

olemba CL

Mu Baibulo Latin ndi anatchulidwa kalata "F". gulu amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Mtengo pafupifupi pachaka mtheradi minima kutentha ndi -45 digiri Celsius. zamagetsi ndi mtundu uwu wa olemba ndi kuchita masamu ntchito Malire zotsatirazi: -60 ⁰ C - +40 ⁰ C.

chodetsa UHL

The "NF" Baibulo Latin ndi anatchulidwa m'makalata. GOST "kusinthidwa nyengo" gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo madera ndi zikhalidwe kotentha ndi ozizira chilengedwe. Kutentha osiyanasiyana ntchito yachibadwa katundu ndi olemba amakhala ndi malire ake ndi amodzi gulu m'mbuyomu. Komanso, ndi gulu anamasulidwa mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito milandu mofanana katundu gulu W. Mwachitsanzo, yotentha ndi otentha kwambiri, youma nyengo kugwilizana ndi zinthu pamwambapa anafotokoza.

olemba TV

Mu Latin Baibulo kalata akuti "TN". Chotero Baibulo nyengo amakhala ndi masuku pamutu wa mankhwala luso mapangidwe chinyezi otentha. mpweya yozungulira ali magawo zotsatirazi: kutentha madigiri 20 Celsius, chinyezi 80 peresenti. A chikhalidwe chapadera kusunga pamwamba ananena kuti amafuna pa maola 12 tsiku lililonse kwa miyezi iwiri yotsatizana. The malire a kutentha opaleshoni ntchito wabwinobwino ndi 1 - +40 ⁰ C.

chodetsa TC

Mu Latin chimake ndiwo amaimira zilembo "TA". Ngakhale kufanana m'dzina ndi gulu yapita, gulu ali kwambiri kusiyana. Mtengo pachaka wa mtheradi kutentha pazipita ndi madigiri 40 Celsius. Osiyanasiyana makhalidwe ntchito ranges otero ochokera -10 kuti +50 ⁰ C.

chodetsa T

Mu Latin chimake ndiwo amaimira kalata "T". Luso mankhwala amalembedwa ndi kulemba ngati angathe ntchito yachibadwa m'madera otentha.

chodetsa About

Mu Latin chimake amaimira "U" ndi kalata akuimira kuphedwa obscheklimaticheskoe. Zamgululi yodziwika motere, akhoza opareshoni m'madera onse nyengo ya dziko kupatula m'madera ozizira kwambiri. Kutentha malire osiyanasiyana monga -60 ⁰ C kuti +50 ⁰ C.

chodetsa M

Mu Baibulo Latin amadziwikanso anatchulidwa "M" kalata. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo malonda magetsi, amene anafuna kuti ntchito yachibadwa mu zazikulu-zigawo mu mapangidwe ozizira amtengo monga m'madzi.

chodetsa TM

Mu Latin chimake ndiwo amaimira zilembo "TM" ndipo zikuphatikizapo gawo yodziwika otentha zinthu m'madzi mpweya mumlengalenga. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala luso, anafuna kuti ntchito pa zotengera m'mphepete mwa nyanja kutumiza kapena wina aliyense, ntchito kokha kusokonekera kwa malo amenewa.

chodetsa OM

Mu Baibulo Latin ya kalata ya "Mu". Zoimira gulu Chili makina, zipangizo ndi mankhwala ena, ntchito yachibadwa kudzachitika m'madera onse otentha ndi kotentha kwa nyengo yozizira. Choncho, kwa gulu funso monga ziwiya zosiyanasiyana ndi malo malire navigation.

olemba

Mu Baibulo Latin ndi zinaperekedwa mwa kalata "W". gulu silipita, chifukwa zikuphatikizapo malonda magetsi anafuna kuti ntchito ambiri, pa mtunda ndi pa madzi. aphedwe amenewa amatchedwa kuti zonse nyengo. Mbali A ndi zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito kokha m'madera zinthu ozizira kwambiri zachilengedwe. malire kutentha yachibadwa ntchito osiyanasiyana kuchokera -60 kuti +50 madigiri Celsius.

placements

Panopa malonda magetsi amalembedwa m'njira yapadera (anasonyeza nyengo Baibulo ndi unsembe gulu). Mogwirizana ndi izi chodetsa ndi osakaniza mayina alifabeti ndi M'ndandanda. Zimenezi zimathandiza makasitomala yomweyo onani, chipangizo ichi ndi yabwino kapena ayi.

Category 1

Luso mankhwala kuwanena m'njira imeneyi, ukunenedwa ntchito panja. Choncho, amachitiridwa kuika lonse la nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo ntchito U1.

Category 2

Kukutanthauza opaleshoni yachibadwa zida pansi denga kapena malo a phunziro kusinthasintha mu mfundo za magawo a mpweya pafupifupi digiri mofanana malo lotseguka. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale mahema, nyumba, bodywork.

Category 3

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala luso, amene ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha m'nyumba. Pankhaniyi, yotsirizira kukhala ndi mbali zotsatirazi: mpweya zachilengedwe, palibe yokumba zolimbana chilengedwe; kukhudzana ndi fumbi ndi mchenga ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana panja. Nyengo Baibulo U3 angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera ndi kutchinjiriza matenthedwe amapangidwa ndi zitsulo, matabwa, simenti ndi zina zipangizo. zinthu akhoza m'gulu monga zoumbika mosiyanasiyana mkangano. Motero, nyengo kusinthidwa V3 akusonyeza pakalibe mvula, dzuwa, kwambiri kuchepetsa zotsatira za mphepo ndi madzi.

Category 4

Zida zokhudza gulu angagwiritsidwe ntchito malo, yodziwika kusintha magawo a malo yokumba, bwino podutsa mpweya nyumba mobisa. Amatanthauza pakalibe dzuwa, mphepo, madzi ndi mchenga.

Category 5

Similar mankhwala luso ungatithandizire mapangidwe ndi mfundo okwera chinyezi. Mwachitsanzo, mu malo mobisa, m'nthaka komanso pa ngalawa.