Anthu a Dagestan: chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo

Dagestan - mabwalo a Russia, yomwe inali mu dera kum'mwera kwa dzikoli. Komanso, ndiye adzakhale ndi chimagwirizanitsa mitundu 102. Pakati pawo, onse m'dzikoli komanso kuyendera anthu. Kuti monga zamakolo mitundu Avars, agultsev, Andi, Kubachins, Dargin, Laks, Rutul, Lezgins, Tabasarans, tsezov ndi ena.

Chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu a Dagestan ndi yosiyanasiyana, iwo zayambika m'zaka ndi munaupereka ku mibadwomibadwo. Aliyense wa mafuko awa ali peculiarities chake ndi zosiyana kuti awapatse abwino.

Avars

Maarulal kapena Avars - anthu a Dagestan, dera analipo anthu za 577 zikwi .. Anakakhala mu Western Dagestan, dera makamaka m'madera a mapiri. Zambiri za izi m'mudzimo. Iwo kulankhula chinenero chawo Avar, amene ali enanso ambirimbiri. Avars ndi Asilamu, koma pali zinthu za chikunja chikhulupiriro chawo akadali pano. Iwo ali wopatulika kwa chilengedwe, kumulemekeza ndi kulirira thandizo, kupanga miyambo matsenga.

ntchito Traditional wa anthu awa ndi ng'ombe kuswana ndi ulimi. Nyama Ndi bwino kawetedwe ng'ombe, ndi m'mapiri - nkhosa. Avars apanga dongosolo mwadongosolo ulimi yamakhonde, amene ali m'mapiri ndipo lowonjezera ndi dongosolo ndi ulimi wothirira. Monga anthu a Dagestan, dera Avars kwa nthawi yaitali mwakhama ntchito zamanja panokha. Zikuphatikizapo kuluka, nsalu, kuluka, ubweya, matabwa kusema ndi mwala wosula.

Agultsy

anthu Agul la Dagestan moyo kum'mwera. chiwerengero cha anthu ili pafupifupi 8-9 zikwi. Man. Yolankhulana ntchito Aghul, amene zokhudzana Lezgi. fuko lino amakhala ndi kuthetsa 21 kum'mwera Dagestan.

mwambo wa dziko lino, komanso miyambo ya anthu a Dagestan wonse, ndi wapadera. Ntchito yaikulu kwa zaka agultsev anali ng'ombe. amuna okha ndi ufulu kusamalira nkhosa. Akazi zikugwira yekha ng'ombe.

zitsulo processing wakhala zofunika kwambiri mbali agultsev moyo. Blacksmiths opangidwa nkhwangwa, zikwakwa, mipeni ndi zikwakwa, amene adzakhala zothandiza banja lililonse. Agultsy anali omanga kwambiri. Iwo anamanga milatho nyumba ndi misikiti. Chokongoletsedwa nyumba zawo ofotokozedwa chosema miyala zokongoletsera kuti amasonyeza chikhalidwe lonse la anthu a Dagestan.

Andean gulu la anthu

Andi - ndi gulu la mitundu, womwenso anthu amenewa Dagestan monga anthu akhvakh, anthu botlikh, Tyndall, anthu bagvalal, karata, anthu godoberi, chmalaly ndi zoona, okha Andi. Chiwerengero cha anthu amitundu awa ndi 55-60 zikwi. Man. Iwo amakhala kumapiri a kumadzulo Dagestan. Communication chikuchitika pa chinenero Andean ndi enanso ambirimbiri.

Chipembedzo Andians amasonyeza zikhalidwe za anthu a Dagestan, dera monga anthu ambiri zamakolo ndi Sunni Muslim. The ntchito yaikulu anali ulimi ndi ulimi nyama. Kuyambira kale izi nyumba anthu zinamangidwa cha mwala. Awiri-storey mokhala sanali ambiri, anali mmodzi nkhani anayi. Andi amene ankachita ulimi, apanga kalendala awo ulimi, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa nthawi yodzala ndi kukolola kwa zomera zina.

Dargin

Dargin - anthu a Dagestan, dera pachikhalidwe okhala m'madera a mapiri. Language kuti atigwirizanitse onse Dargin, kulibe, yofanana Dargwa kwambiri. Miyambo ndi anthu a Dagestan, dera monga Dargin payokha, ukudalira njira akukhudzidwira ndi zachuma chikuchitika mu mbiri yakale nyengo. Iwo ankachita mwachizolowezi kwa anthu a ntchito za m'dera, ndiyo kuswana ng'ombe, ulimi ndi handicrafts. Dargins wotchuka chifukwa miyala yamtengo wapatali ake ndi katundu wachikopa-mapeyala, zida. Akazi ankachita ubweya, kuluka nsalu ndi makalapeti.

Kubachins

fuko lino la Dagestan akukhala m'mudzi waung'ono Kubachi Dakhadayevsky District. chiwerengero chawo si upambana 1,900. Kuwonjezera Kubachins moyo m'midzi ena a ku Central Asia ndi Caucasus. m'chinenero chawo - Kubachi. Anthu a Pamudzi yakeyo osema. Ngati iwo anali wamkulu mankhwala msipu ng'ombe, zinali za chikhalidwe wothandiza.

The zamanja ambiri akhala zitsulo ntchito zomangira nkhuni kusema ndi mwala. Akazi chinkhoswe mu kuluka, kuluka, nsalu, felting umatulutsa, kumene nsapato wojambula. Nzeru ndi luso mu processing zitsulo unasamutsidwa mwana wamwamuna. Zosangalatsa anthu ndi kuvina Kubachins kuti akhala mwaluso kuchita miyambo yosiyanasiyana.

Laks

Chigawo chapakati cha Nagorno Dagestan, ukhale mmodzi wa mitundu - Laks. Language - Lak, chipembedzo - Islam. mtundu umenewu kuyambira nthawi zakale anali kukhala m'dera la Dagestan. Waukulu ntchito yawo - kulimapo tirigu (rye, tirigu, mapira, Mapila, balere, etc.). Livestock komanso yapangidwa. Lokhudza amenewa anayamba suknodelie, zodzikongoletsera, mbiya, mwala processing siliva ndi nsalu golide. Laks anali amalonda otchuka confectioners ndi acrobats. Olemera ndi epic mu fuko lino. Mawu a pakamwa makolo nkhani za ngwazi zazikulu za m'mbuyomu ndi mmene anamenyana zoipa.

Lezghins

Lezghins chogwiritsira anakakhala mayiko a Kumwera Dagestan. manambala awo m'dera la 320 zikwi. Man. Communication chimachitika Lezgin, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri kusinthidwa ndi m'deralo. Lezghian nthano wolemera nkhani ya milungu kulamulira chilengedwe. Koma linasintha chikunja kuti Chikhristu, amene pambuyo nthawi zina koma m'malo Islam.

Monga anthu onse a Dagestan, dera Lezgi wamkulu zomera mbewu, makamaka tirigu, mpunga ndi chimanga, ayipanga ziweto. Lezghins opangidwa makalipeti ndizo zodabwitsa, amene amadziwika kupitirira malire a dera lawo. Komanso zamanja wamba anali kuluka, kupota, anamva kupanga ndi zodzikongoletsera. Lezgins kudziwika ndi wowerengeka kuvina awo - lezginka, amene wakhala mwambo kwa anthu onse a Caucasus.

Rutul

Dzina la mtundu uwu amachokera kuthetsa yaikulu - Rutul ili kum'mwera Dagestan. Iwo amati anthu awa Rutul, koma m'zilembo ake zimasiyana kwambiri pakati pawo. Chipembedzo ndi miyambo am'derali - Islam. zinthu zachikunja imapezekanso: kulambira mapiri, manda a oyera. Mbali ina ndi kusiya Mulungu Rutuls kuzindikira wina, awo mulungu Yinshli.

Tabasaran

Anthu amenewa amakhalanso kum'mwera Dagestan. chiwerengero chawo ndi wofanana 90 chikwi. Man. chilankhulo Tabasaranskiy lagawidwa m'zilembo kum'mwera ndi kumpoto. zikhulupiriro pachimake - Islam. Makalasi komanso ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri dera limeneli - kuswana ndi ulimi. Tabasaran ali ambuye mu kuluka makalapeti, mbiya, wosula, processing mitengo ndi kupanga masokosi ndi zosiyanasiyana. Mokwanira anayamba Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthano monga nthano zopanda ndi wowerengeka nyimbo.

Tsez gulu la anthu

Ndi Tsez mitundu anthu hinukh, anthu bezhta, tsezy, Hunzib anthu ndi anthu khwarshi. Palibe chinenero, anthu kulankhula chinenero chawo. Mitundu zakhala zofunika kwambiri anali magazi zikulumikizana mabanja, otchedwa tuhum. zinthu zimenezi wina aliyense kusankha masewera kopindulitsa kwambiri banja. Wa mankhwala ntchito mkaka, zouma ndi nyama yatsopano, dzinthu, ufa, mwatsopano ndi zipatso zouma. Ngakhale anthu awa ndi Asilamu amakhulupirira ziwanda, goblins, ziwanda ndi mfiti waliteteza.

Choncho, chopunthira Dagestan mitundu yambiri. Chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu a Dagestan ndi yamakono anakhalabe mbali kanukanu, zomwe zimawachititsa chidwi phunzirolo. chikhulupiriro chawo Chili mbali yaikulu ya Islam ndi survivals achikunja a m'mbuyomu, zimene zimawachititsa wapadera.