Aneroid barometer: ndi chipangizo chamagetsi kuona kuthamanga mumlengalenga

Kodi barometer? Izi akuti luso amatchedwa chipangizo kuona kuthamanga mumlengalenga. Ambiri ntchito mitundu iwiri ya barometers. Ntchito mankhwala enaake barometer kuona kuthamanga mumlengalenga makamaka okwerera nyengo.
Ndi kwambiri wolemera, koma apatsa ndi wamkulu molondola muyeso, kotero asayansi ndi kupereka mmalo iye. Barometer izi mtundu kupangidwa ndi kumangidwa ndi Chitaliyana wasayansi Evangelista Torricelli mu 1644. opaleshoni ake mfundo - kugwirizanitsa ndime ya Mercury ndi mpweya positi. Chifukwa mkulu osalimba a Mercury ndime kutalika ndi ochepa kwambiri (akauzidwa kuti mumlengalenga kuthamanga - 760 mmHg, izo zikutanthauza ndi mphamvu amayikanikiza mpweya mumlengalenga pa mfundo chingwe).

Aneroid barometer - chipangizo zovuta zambiri. Ngakhale lingaliro chipangizo anali akufuna pafupifupi imodzi ndi kuyambitsa wa Mercury barometer (anachitira izo chimodzimodzi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri m'ma German wasayansi Gotfrid Leybnits), koma kukhazikitsa lenileni la lingaliro la German kwambiri analandira zaka mazana awiri okha. Mu 1847, ndi luso French injiniya Lucien Vidi analenga dziko loyamba aneroid barometer. ndi mfundo za ntchito yake ndi chiyani?

The barometer dzina lake "aneroid", ndiye anhydrous. Mawu amenewa analengedwa monga kutsindika kuti chida si ntchito palibe madzimadzi, mosiyana ndi mankhwala enaake barometer, m'mene amafotokozera sensa ndi madzi zitsulo.
Amafotokozera aneroid cholinga wasindikizidwa bokosi opangidwa ndi nsalu corrugated, imene kuwonjezeka kapena kwachepetsa mpweya pang'ono wothinikizidwa kapena kukodzedwa. dongosolo dzanja zimachititsa kayendedwe ka muvi, umene uli makamaka lonse maphunziro kusonyeza kuthamanga mumlengalenga mu millimeters mankhwala enaake oopsa.

Zingaoneke, palibe zovuta, ndipo aneroid barometer akhoza analenga pa mlingo wa zaumisiri pamene nthawi Torricelli ndi pamaso. Nchifukwa chiani izo zikuchitika? Ambiri mwina, apa iye ankasewera udindo wa osakaniza zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba - ndi kupanda kufunika chida chonchi pa nthawi. Ndipotu, ngati sayansi ya meteorology wakhanda ndi kudalira ka yofanana mumlengalenga kuthamanga ndi nyengo anali anazindikira yekha asayansi panthawiyo. Komanso, mwina ntchito za kusowa kwa chuma oyenera mabokosi corrugated (ayenera kukhala elasticity chovomerezeka ndi Tambasula pa ntchito yaitali). Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zikhalidwe yoyamba ndi yachiwiri salinso kuteteza chilengedwe cha aneroid.

Pambuyo Kutulukira Lyuena Vidi aneroid barometer anayamba kufalitsa mofulumira m'nyumba ndi nyumba. Panalinso mtundu wa kachitidwe: pamaso pa chida ichi m'nyumba anagogomeza chuma chawo ndi ozindikira wa asilikali. Munthu wotere, mwa mawu amakono, ankaona "zotsogola".

Monga kukhazikitsidwa kwa chinkafunika mayiko system (SI), mayiko ambiri aneroid kuwunikira lonse wakhala lowonjezera lonse, pamene anzathu a akusonyeza osati millimeters wa mankhwala enaake (iyi si zokhudza zonse imodzi), komanso mu Pascals. Pali kuwunikira lonse aneroid mu mipiringidzo. Bar - komanso sanali dongosolo wagawo pafupifupi wofanana ndi mpweya umodzi. Nthawi zina kuyeza kuthamanga m'bala yabwino kuposa millimeters wa mankhwala enaake, kapena mayunitsi dongosolo.

Komabe, chizolowezi cha kuyeza kuthamanga mumlengalenga mu millimeters wa Mercury wakhala amphamvu kwambiri. Ngakhale tsopano, nyengo amaneneratu kuthamanga mumlengalenga mmene mayunitsi sanali dongosolo.