Kodi zo? Specific kutentha vaporization

Kodi otentha, kale ku maphunziro a kusukulu. Komabe, nzeru izi mofulumira kuchepa mphamvu, ndipo pamapeto pake anthu asiye powasamalira akamanena za achabe a. Nthawi zina zothandiza kukumbukira chidziwitso ongolankhula.

tanthauzo

Kodi zo? Ndi ndondomeko thupi limene pali kwambiri nthunzi lomenyera onse mfulu madzi pamwamba ndipo mkati matabwa ake. Chimodzi mwa zinthu ndi kuwira thovu kuti zigwirizana nthunzi zimalimbikitsa ndi mpweya.

Ndi ponena kuli mfundo monga ofunika kutentha kuwira. Anzanu chimadaliranso mlingo wa mapangidwe nthunzi. Izo ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse. Childs, khalidwe yoyamba ya mankhwala madzi kuwira mfundo kuthamanga yachibadwa mumlengalenga. Komabe, ndondomeko angathe kutengera zinthu monga mphamvu ya mafunde phokoso, mpweya ionization.

madzi sitepe

Ndithudi nthunzi amayamba pa ndondomeko monga magetsi. Kuwira kumafuna kudutsa madzimadzi kudzera gawo 4:

1. Pansi pa chotengeracho, komanso mpanda wake anayamba kupanga thovu laling'ono. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuti ming'alu m'nkhani imene chidebe anapangidwa, muli mpweya zambiri tikamva kutentha.
2. Thovu kuyamba kuwonjezera mphamvu chifukwa cha zomwe iwo asonkhanitsidwa pamwamba. Ngati wosanjikiza chapamwamba madzi sanabadwe anafika kuwira kutentha, adatchithisira pansi M'mimbamo, ndiyeno kachiwiri anayamba kuyesetsa oposa. Zimenezi kumabweretsa mapangidwe mafunde phokoso. N'chifukwa chake pa kuwira kwa madzi tikhoza kumva phokoso.
3. Iwo amayandama pamwamba pa nambala yaikulu thovu, amene amalenga kuganiza za turbidity madzi. Pambuyo kuti sizingafanane madzi. Popeza zotsatira zithunzi, nthawi imeneyi kuwira amatchedwa "makiyi woyera".
4. Pakhala kwambiri kuonekeratu, amene anatsagana ndi mapangidwe thovu lalikulu zimaphulika msanga. Zimenezi limodzi ndi akukhavukira ndi tima mapangidwe nthunzi.

Specific kutentha vaporization

Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse takumana ndi chodabwitsa kuwira. kutentha zosonyeza vaporization ndi kuchuluka thupi kumene kumatsimikizira kutentha kuchuluka. Mothandizidwa ndi chinthu madzi angaonere nthunzi. Kuti kuwerengetsa chizindikiro ichi, muyenera kugawa mlingo wa evaporation mu kutentha misa.

Monga muyeso ndi

Sonyezani enieni kutentha kwa mapangidwe amayezedwa zasayansi mwa lolingana zatsopano. Iwo zotsatirazi:

• chofunika metered kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi limene anazitsanulira mwa calorimeter ya;
• ikuchitika koyamba madzi kutentha muyeso;
• burner chikuyambika pasadakhale ndi babu anaika m'menemo analyte;
• awiriawiri tochoka analyte, akuthamanga calorimeter ya;
• anapanga kachiwiri muyeso wa kutentha madzi;
• calorimeter amaloŵamo weighting, amene amalola kuwerengera misa ya nthunzi ya condensed.

Nucleate otentha boma

Kusanthula funso zimene otentha, ndi Dziwani kuti ali modes angapo. Choncho, pamene usavutike nthunzi ikhoza kupangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a thovu. Iwo nthawi kukula ndi kung'ambika. Chotero nucleate otentha boma wotchedwa. Childs, M'mimbamo wodzazidwa ndi nthunzi aumbike mwa makoma chotengera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo n'zomwe ukagwira. Ichi ndi chofunika kwa chithupsa, chifukwa mukatero thovu ndi kugwa, osati kufika zamitundu lalikulu.

Film kuwira

Kodi zo? Chophweka njira kufotokoza ndondomeko monga evaporation pa kutentha zina ndi kuthamanga zonse. Kuwonjezera kuwira boma n'kopanda ngati filimu. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti kutentha kamwazi utithandize thovu munthu kuphatikiza kupanga wosanjikiza nthunzi pa makoma chotengera. Pamene akuyesetsa amalimbikitsa yovuta amaswa pamwamba madzi. Izi mode kuwira amakhala mu mlingo wa kutentha kutengerapo ku makomawo chotengera kwa madzi wokha yafupika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi wobwezera nthunzi kwambiri filimu.

mfundo kuwira

Tikumbukenso kuti pali kudalira a kuwira mfundo za kuthamanga ankachititsa padziko madzi mkangano. Choncho amaganiza kuti madzi otentha pamene usavutike 100 madigiri Celsius. Komabe, chithunzi ichi tinganene kuti chomveka ngati kuthamanga mumlengalenga chingaoneke mtengo zachilendo (101 kPa). Ngati kumawonjezera, otentha yomwe kusintha komanso oposa. Mwachitsanzo, mu wotchuka kuthamanga cooker kuthamanga ndi 200 kPa. Choncho, kuwira kutentha ndi chinawonjezeka ndi mfundo 20 (madigiri 20).

Chitsanzo cha mochedwerako mumlengalenga angathe kuonedwa ngati malo phiri. Choncho, anapatsidwa kuti pali zokwanira yaing'ono, madzi akuyamba kuwira pafupifupi 90 madigiri. Anthu a m'madera amenewa zinthu zambiri pa kuphika. Mwachitsanzo, kuphika dzira, adzakhala kutenthetsa madzi si madigiri zosakwana 100, kapena mapuloteni si curdle.

Otentha zinthu amadalira kuthamanga nthunzi. kukopa kwake pa kutentha kwa chiwerengero osiyanitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala enaake akuyamba wiritsani pamene usavutike madigiri 357 Celsius. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa ndi chakuti nthunzi kuthamanga ndi wofanana Pas 114 okha (madzi chithunzi ndi 101 325 Pa).

Wiritsani mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana

Malinga ndi zikhalidwe ndi boma la madzi, kuwira kutentha zingasiyane kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'pofunika kuwonjezera mchere madzi. Sodium ndi chlorine ayoni imakonzedwa pakati pa mamolekyulu madzi. Choncho, kuwira amafuna dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa mphamvu zambiri, ndipo mogwirizana - nthawi. Komanso, madzi amenewa ndipamene nthunzi zochepa.

Ketulo ntchito madzi otentha zinthu m'banja. Pamene ntchito madzi oyera, kutentha kwa ndondomekoyi ndi muyezo madigiri 100. Pansi chofanana, madzi owira otchezedwa. Komabe, udzakhala nthawi pang'ono pokha, chifukwa pakalibe zosafunika.

Kodi osiyana ndi evaporation otentha

Paliponse pamene pali madzi kuwira, nthunzi adzamasulidwa m'mlengalenga. Koma njira awiriwa sangathe kuzindikiridwa. Ali njira yokha evaporation amenewa amapezeka akamaziwononga. Choncho, otentha - m'nthawi ya dongosolo gawo kusintha. Zimenezi ndi kwambiri kuposa evaporation. Ichi ndi chifukwa mapangidwe zipinda nthunzi. Komanso Dziwani kuti ndondomeko evaporation kumachitika kokha pamwamba pa madzi. Wiritsani Koma buku lonse la madzi.

Kuchokera pa zimene zimadalira evaporation

Nthunzi ndondomeko ya kusintha madzi kapena olimba kuti boma gaseous. Kumachitika "kuwombera kunja" wa maatomu ndi mamolekyulu, amene kugwirizana ndi particles ena amakhala wofooka mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina. Mlingo wa evaporation zingasiyane mchikakamizo cha zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Malo pamwamba madzi;
• kutentha kwa thunthu komanso chilengedwe;
• mathamangidwe wa mamolekyulu ndi;
• mtundu uwo.

Zosangalatsa za kuwira kwa

otentha mphamvu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu moyo wa munthu. Zimenezi wakhala wamba zofala zimene palibe aliyense amaganizira za chikhalidwe chake ndi makhalidwe. Komabe ndi kuwira zogwirizana angapo mfundo zosangalatsa:

• Mwina onse anaona kuti chivundikiro cha ketulo pali dzenje, koma anthu ochepa kuganizira cholinga chake. Chachitika nyaze pang'ono tiyeni kuchokera nthunzi. Apo ayi, madzi kuwaza kudzera spout lapansi.
• Kutalika kwa kuphika mbatata, mazira ndi zina chakudya sadalira mphamvu ndi muzitentha. Onse chofunika n'chakuti liti anali poyera kuti madzi otentha.
• Mu chithunzi ichi, monga kuwira mfundo, zilibe bwanji mphamvu ya chipangizo magetsi. Akhoza kudwala yekha mlingo wa evaporation wa madzi.
• Kuwira si Kutentha madzi. Komanso zingachititse madzimadzi kuti amaundana ntchito ndondomeko imeneyi. Choncho, pa otentha ziyenera kuchitika mosalekeza evacuating mpweya chotengeracho.
• Limodzi mwa mavuto ambiri ofunika kwa makamu ndi mkaka akhoza "Chokani". Choncho, ngozi za zodabwitsazi kwambiri kumawonjezera pa nyengo zoipa, zimene limodzi ndi dontho la kuthamanga mumlengalenga.
• The yotentha madzi otentha analandira m'migodi pansi pa nthaka.
• Asayansi kafukufuku experimental anakhazikitsa kuti Mars madzi zithupsa pa kutentha madigiri 45 Celsius.

Kodi madzi chithupsa firiji?

Ndi kuwerengetsera yosavuta asayansi anakhazikitsa kuti madzi akhoza wiritsani pa firiji mu mlingo stratosphere. chofanana akhoza kulengedwanso ntchito zingalowe mpope. Komabe, zimenezi angathe kuchitidwa mu wosalira zinthu zambiri wamba.

Kufunika lita botolo 200 ml ya madzi kuwira, ndipo pamene chidebe ladzala ndi nthunzi, ayenera kutseka mwamphamvu, kuchotsa kuchokera kutentha. Kuwayika iwo pa nkhungu, m'pofunika kudikira mpaka kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi kuwira. Kenako, botololo unatsanuliridwa pa madzi ozizira. Kenako, mphamvu kuwira tima akuyamba kachiwiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mchikakamizo cha otsika kutentha nthunzi, amene ali kumtunda kwa babu, mulibe.