Andrey Grigorevich Shkuro - General, SS Gruppenführer. yonena

Tsogolo Cossack General Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich anabadwa mu Kuban m'mudzi Pashkovskaya banja podesaula Gregory Fedorovich zikopa ndi mkazi wake Anastasia Andreyevna. pa mizere onse, Zaporozhye banja anali mizu. Warlord White Skin anasintha dzina lake pa khungu pa Civil nkhondo.

zaka zoyambirira

mutu wa banja anali munthu wotchuka Cossack, amene anali wodziwika bwino kwa asilikali ndi Ekaterinodar. Gregory F. nawo Chirasha Turkey nkhondo ya 1877-1878. ndipo ine ndinali mphoto zambiri. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mwana wake loto ubwana wa ntchito asilikali.

Pa nyumba yaing'ono Andrey Alexandrov maphunziro Kuban weniweni wa sukulu. Kenako bambo ake anam'tumiza ku wachitatu wa Moscow Cadet Corps, kumene mnyamata maphunziro 1907. Zitatha izi, mnyamata anasamukira ku likulu la dziko analowa Apamwamba Nikolayev apakavalo School. Kukhala kapitawo Shkuro umasamutsidwa ku 1 Yekaterinodar apakavalo Regiment chilili Ayenela-Labinsk.

The First World nkhondo

Mu unyamata wake Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich ankasiyana khalidwe opyola malire. Chikhalidwe wosakhazikika anapanga Cossack inali imodzi mwa maholide kulowa Anthuwa golide wa maulendowa ndi kupita kum'mawa Siberia. Mu chigawo Nerchinsk, anaphunzira za zotsatira nkhondo World. Iwo anayamba ndi yolimbikitsa mwaphuma amene akugwa pansi pa usirikali ndi zikopa. Asilikali mofulumira momwe iwo angathere, choncho pamene mkulu achinyamata anafika kwa Ekaterinodar lakwawo, Regiment wake wapita kutsogolo.

Shkuro Ine sindikufuna kukhala kunyumba. Patapita ataman zokopa Babych anam'lemba msilikali junior mu 3 Regiment Hopersky. Nkhondo yake yoyamba ndi platoon lake latsopano Shkuro anasonyeza yokha ngati mkulu apamwamba. Mu nkhondo ya Sieniawa patsogolo Chigalashiya, anagwidwa anthu 50. Panali zachilengedwe woyamba mphoto - dongosolo la digiri St. Anne 4-TH.

"Wolf zana limodzi"

Kwa miyezi yambiri kapitawo Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich (1886-1947) Nthawi zonse kutsogolo. Mu iye anavulazidwa (mu phazi kunagwa) ndi forays zonse mu kufufuza mu December 1915. Mu April 1916, iye anabwerera ku ntchito. The Regiment Shkuro nawo lonse mfuti timu. Anamuimbanso anavulazidwa (nthawi imeneyi mmimba). Andrew G. anapita kutichitira kwawo Ekaterinodar. Pakuti kulimbamtima ndi zina zomwe ambiri anakhala esaul.

Kumbuyo, wapolisiyo anayamba kuika olimbanawo ake gulu. Pamene pamwamba anapereka kuwala wobiriwira, ndi Cossack ndi mphamvu alikukonzeka anayamba kukonza kugwirizana latsopano. gulu mofulumira anatchuka kwambiri ndipo ngakhale analandira dzina mwamwayi "Wolf zana limodzi" (chifukwa kuti anali chizindikiro ndi chithunzi cha mutu nkhandwe a). Zigaŵenga zankhondo ndi khungu ankatha yekha wosimidwa kwambiri ndi Cossacks. Zana kamvuluvulu yosesa ndi KUKHULUPIRIRA German ndipo Austria, kutanthauza pali mantha ndi chilongosoko kuwononga kwambiri. Cossack zokula milatho ndi malo zida zankhondo owonongedwa msewu Amakweza ukali. The Russian asilikali wapadera wagawo yomweyo kunamveka ponseponse. The n'kukhutira waukulu Daredevil ali Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich. "Wolf zana" sibwenzi zinachitika popanda mphamvu zake ndi nzeru.

1917

Pa February zisinthe ndi abdication a mfumu Andrew Shkuro apezeka pafupi Chisinau. Ngati ambiri a Cossacks, anali kutali ndale, kwa Provisional boma wosasamala ndi kuipidwa ndi sanamuzindikire chilichonse koma lumbiro kwa mfumu. nyengo Mafunde anakakamizika iye kusankha kovuta. kumuwombera Shkuro anapambana Chisinau pasiteshoni ya sitima, ndipo analanda sitima ulendo wakwawo.

Patapita milungu ingapo ya mpumulo kale partisans wotchuka anapita ku Caucasus. Pamodzi ndi mabwenzi okhulupirika choyamba anabwera Baku kenako anaima Enzeli. wagawo wake mbali ya Corps ya General Nicholas Baratova. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi Cossacks anamenyana ndi Turkey ndi Kurds, pa dzanja ena anavutika ndi kayendedwe chosintha pakati pa asilikali ndi amalinyero. Mu 1917 Shkuro anayenera nkhondo ku Perisiya, ndi Caucasus. Kukangana ndi commissars wofiira mtengo wina namkwapula. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha Cossack iye anabwerera kudziko lakwawo, ndipo mu October anali osankhidwa mu Kuban yamalamulo dera. Shkuro anakhala nthumwi ya asilikali.

Chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Andrew Shkuro analandira ndi kudana ndi uthenga wa kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks mu Petrograd. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zawo Cossack anakhalabe monarchist. kusamvana maganizo anali atasemphana ngakhale ndi mbali ya Republic. Maonekedwe chomwecho kapitawo poyera kunyozedwa ndi kudedwa. Posachedwa kum'mwera Russia wakhala malo yolimbikitsa adani a Bolsheviks, amene anali tsogolo ambiri zikopa. warlord banja pa nthawi imeneyo ankakhala Kislovodsk, ndipo pali partisans odziwika adapitiriza gulu lake la gulu okhulupirika.

July 7, 1918 Shkuro lankhosa wofiira kwa Stavropol. Kuti tichite zimenezi, sikuti iye ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chida. Chofunika Cossack - kulemba kuti musankhepo ndi kuopseza adani kuukira mu udindo, ngati iwo satero achoke mu mzindawo. Iwo anatuluka Stavropol. Komabe, kulimbana lonse anali kudza. Koma kale poyamba gawo la Civil nkhondo Shkuro anakhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri a White kuyenda. mbiri yake anamanga mothandizidwa ndi intransigence ndi MUCHI nkhondo yolimbana zisinthe.

woyera General

Mu October 1918, chifukwa cha khama Andreya Shkuro unakhazikitsidwa 1 Regiment Apolisi Kislovodsk. Posakhalitsa, iye anapita Ekaterinodar, pamene iye anakomana ndi Mkulu wa Anton Denikin. Iye wokhu- ndi mwankhanza Cossack. Koma izi zisanachitike mkangano manambalawo awiri sizinawakhudze. Atsogoleri a White kayendedwe anathandiza ngozi wamba. Mu Denikin Shkuro anali kupita Caucasus apakavalo magawano. November 30, anakhala Major General.

Nkhondo dera Stavropol, Andrei Shkuro bungwe yopanga zida, zipolopolo, nsapato chikopa, nsalu, ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa gulu lankhondo la White kuyenda. Koma kenako, iye anali kusamukira ku Kuban. Mu February 1919, Andrew Shkuro anasankhidwa mkulu wa 1 Army Corps mu Caucasus Muzikonza Army. Ndi mapangidwe izi, iye anamenya pa Don Cossacks kuthandiza pali chinsinsi kutsogolo motsutsa Bolsheviks. Mu umodzi wa nkhondo pafupi stanitsa Illovayskogo anatha kuthyola kumuwombera Nestora Mahno.

Chigonjetso ndi kugonjetsedwa

Pa pachimake pa kutchuka Shkuro woyera Andrey nawo nkhondo kwa Ekaterinoslav, Kharkov ndi Chiyukireniya mizinda ina. Thandizo kwa anagwirizana asilikali a ku Britain July 2, 1919 anali kupereka dongosolo British wa Bath lapansi. kampeni kuti ndi oyamba kuukira Moscow. Pa September 17, pa ulendo ku likulu lakale Shkuro Cossacks anatenga Voronezh. White unachitikira mumzinda mwezi watha. Zikuphedwa apakavalo Division Budyonny iwo ankayenera kuti abwerere. Kuukira Moscow bogged pansi sakhala patali ndi cholinga kufunika.

Shkuro pamodzi ndi Corps wake kuloŵa Novorossiysk. Achoke ku doko Black Sea imachitika msanga, gulu zoipa. General, ngati comrades ambiri alibe mipata yokwanira pa ngalawa. Iye anapita mu Tuapse ndi Sochi anasamuka ku Crimea.

mu ukapolo

Mu May 1920, Wrangel, amene sanali Shkuro anachotsa msilikali, kenako iye anali mu ukapolo. Posachedwapa zotsala za White gulu la anthu lidaphwasuka ndi Bolsheviks. Zikwi Cossacks zinatumizidwa ku dziko lakwawo. Wina anakakhala ku maiko Balkan, munthu France.

Monga Paris kunyumba ndi kusankha njira yovuta. Mkuluyu anali wamng'ono zonse mphamvu ndi ntchito. Mu ukapolo, anasonkhanitsa Cossack gululo anachita pa zochitika za Kukwera Akavalo, ntchito mu masewera aja, ndipo ngakhale nyenyezi mafilimu chete. Nkhani yoyamba ya Kuban pa sitediyamu "Buffalo" mu mzinda wa Paris anasonkhana 20 zikwi masewera. The French sanadziwe za luso la kukwera, kotero kuti kupambana ndalama gululo anapereka.

msewu womanga

Mu 1931, Yugoslavia anali watsopano dziko, imene Andrew bulu zikopa. General moyo mu Balkans anayamba kukhala ojambula ndi akuguba asilikali ataman Vyacheslav Naumenko. Shkuro mu zaka interwar anali yogwira chithunzi mu Cossack kuyenda mu ukapolo. Iye wachita zonse, kuyesa kusunga umodzi wa Kuban, amene anataya malo awo ndi akumenya mu kutsutsana ndale.

Iye ndi wamkulu ndi zinthu zothandiza kale. Iye anapanga pangano ndi kampani "Batignolles" ndipo anayamba kuyendetsa ntchito pa ntchito yomanga chomenyerapo nkhondo 90 kilometre-motalika, munda Belgrade, Pancevo ndi Zemun ku kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi Danube madzi osefukira. Serbia anasangalala ndi zotsatira ndipo analamula Cossacks yomanga njanji mlatho kum'mwera kwa dziko. Shkuro tayesetsa osati Kuban, komanso Don anthu, Astrakhan, lachitatu, mbadwa zina za kum'mwera kwa Russia. Pafupi magulu a Andrew G. ntchito Cossacks ngwazi wina wa World nkhondo yoyamba Viktora Zborovskogo. Ena mwa anamanga ndiye Yugoslavia misewu ndi madamu ndi ukugwirira ntchito kutali.

Komanso Bisani (monga ambiri achilankhulocho woyera) anasiya memoir, amene ananena zidindo wake wa Civil nkhondo. Lero, bukhu lake "Mfundo ya White olimbanawo" ndi chidwi pangano nyengo, kuthandiza kumvetsetsa mmene anakonza ndi bungwe polimbana ndi Bolsheviks mu South la Russia.

pamphambano

Pambuyo nkhondo ya Nazi Germany pa Soviet Union osamuka yoyera kusankha kovuta. Iye adzazunzidwa ndi Andreya Shkuro. General anamuda USSR, anafuna kuchotsa Russia wa Bolsheviks mwamsanga abwerere kudziko kwawo Kuban. Popeza Civil nkhondo, zaka 20 zapita. Ambiri a anthu ake sanalinso wamng'ono, koma likadali lodzaza ndi mphamvu. Koma ngakhale ngati odzipereka odana Soviet monga Denikin ndi Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich anakana kuthandiza Germany. Koma poyamba Ataman ya Don Cossacks, Peter Krasnov anapita rapprochement ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler. Kumbuyo kwake kuchita chimodzimodzi anapanga zikopa ambiri. Wambiri ya mkulu chifukwa nkhaniyi ndipo lero ndi mtsutso aukali.

Ngakhale thandizo lotseguka othandiza Hitler kuchokera pakati pa Cossacks kwa nthawi yaitali sitinali ake ankhondo mwini nkhondo. zinthu zinasintha yekha mu 1943. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Wehrmacht anali atataya kale nkhondo Stalingrad, ndi kugonjetsedwa kwake komaliza nkhondo lonse wakhala nkhani ya nthawi. Kulephera, ndi Fuehrer anasintha maganizo ake ndipo anapereka anakafuna patsogolo kwa chilengedwe cha asilikali Cossack amene anagwirizana ndi SS.

Mu utumiki wa ku Germany

Mu 1944, Gruppenführer SS Andrew Shkuro nthawi yoyamba mu nthawi walunjika asilikali. Zimaonekera 15 Cossack apakavalo Corps. Anakumana General pa mapeto a makumi asanu anamenyana ndi partisans Yugoslavia. Iye analibe konse kubwerera ku Russia ndi mwankhondo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, tsogolo la ulamuliro wa Hitler unali kale zosachita mapeto. Ngakhale pamaso pa asilikali a Soviet anatenga Berlin, Stalin pa msonkhano Yalta mbamphedza dongosolo ndi adani za othandiza m'tsogolo.

May 2 Cossacks anapita ku Austria East Tyrol adzipereke kwa British. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali General zikopa. Pa 2 nkhondo World, iye anayima pa mfundo udindo odana Soviet, kutanthauza kuti kulowa manja a NKVD analonjeza imfa yake imene inali itayandikira. Olemba mbiri zosiyanasiyana amati msasa Cossack, panali pafupi 36 zikwi anthu (20 zikwi amuna amphamvu, ndi ena onse othawa kwawo wosalakwa).

Kulengezedwa mu Lienz

May 18, 1945 British anatenga Kudzipereka othawa kwawo. Cossacks mwina koma kuvomereza pafupifupi onse zida zawo. Kwa iwo, m'misasa wapadera zinalembedwa mu pafupi ndi mzinda wa ku Austria wa Lienz.

Ya kulemera okwana anali allocated mu 1500 wa alonda. The lonse lamulo kapangidwe (kuphatikizapo akazembe) pansi pretenses onyenga anaitana kwa msonkhano, ndipo ndiye olekanitsidwa Zipatalazo lapansi. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Shkuro Andrey Grigorevich. mfundo zosangalatsa za mbiri wake ali osokonezeka ndi zomvetsa chisoni. Patatha zaka moyo wamtendere mu ukapolo, adatola zatayika, koma mapeto ndi mbiri anagwirizana ndi a Nazi anapatsidwa ziwalo za NKVD.

Mlandu ndi kuphedwa

Pambuyo opereka British anathamangitsidwa m'dzikomo akapitawo ndi Cossack ena. Anthu anali unarmed ndi chitetezo, ndi chifukwa sanathe kupereka kukana. Onsewo anayesedwa mu USSR.

Shkuro ndime ndi Petrom Krasnovym ndi atsogoleri ena angapo othandiza analandira chilango cha imfa. Mayesedwe a Cossacks anali kuwulula. Mlandu wa ntchito zigawenga ndi zida kulimbana ndi Soviet Union anapachikidwa. Andrew Shkuro anaphedwa Moscow pa January 16, 1947. Asanafe, iye anali wokhoza kubwerera kwawo.