National ngwazi wolamulira Juan Peron: yonena ntchito ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mutu tsogolo la Argentina ndi Juan Peron anabadwa pa October 8, 1895 ku Buenos Ayrose m'banja ndi ndalama avareji. Mu ubwana wake, iye analowa sukulu nkhondo. Ndi kuyamika asilikali Peron anayamba ntchito yake ndale.

zaka zoyambirira

Juan Peron anali njira yaminga kwambiri ulemerero. Mu 1936-1938 gg. Iye anali attaché ankhondo pa ofesi ya kazembe wa Argentina ku Chile. Ndiye anadza kusuntha kwa Italy. Pali Peron anayamba kuphunzira sayansi asilikali mu mapiri. Argentinian anakhala teremu pa University of Turin. Peron Juan Domingo anabwerera kwawo mu 1941.

Ngakhale Argentina akukumana pamavuto aakulu azachuma. Pali analamulira kusagwirizana chikhalidwe, anthu wataya mphamvu levers. Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi anakhala kunatsala pang'ono asilikali kulanda boma. June 4, 1943 linadzutsa okhala Buenos Aires taphunzira asilikali asilikali azungulira mpando wa boma ndi pulezidenti wakale Ramon CASTILLO anathawa ina osadziwika.

Popita ku mphamvu

Peron anali mmodzi wa okonza chiwembu asilikali mu 1943. Pa nthawi imene iye anali kale wamkulu, koma sanali amasiyana kudziwika pakati pa misa. Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha wolamulira wakale Juan Peron anakhala nduna ya Labor. Pa malo ake, anali kugwira mogwirizana ndi mabungwe malonda kale ndi kulenga atsopano mu zigawo kumene kulibe. munthu uyu anali Mlengi wa lamulo pa "ntchito chilungamo" ndi zina zaluso otchuka.

Mizati waukulu kuthandiza Peron anali ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, Labor ndi Mpingo. Komanso gawo la iye chifundo ndi nationalists lapansi. Chakumapeto 1945, Juan Domingo Peron analowa mpikisano wa Pulezidenti. chigonjetso kunathandiza inept mfundo chikhalidwe otsutsa mphamvu zake. Peron yekha inawala malankhulidwe yowala popanda jekete, pamene analimbikitsa kumanga kuthandiza osauka ndi kuthandizapo mwakhama chuma cha boma. Iye ophatikizidwa ziyembekezo kwa latsopano Argentina - Dziko amene alibe anavutika nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndipo inasanduka malo antchito ambiri European.

Mtsogoleri national

Udindo wa Pulezidenti Juan Peron anabwera June 4, 1946, ndipo mu 1952 anali mpando ndi mavoti kwa akuti chachiwiri. Pulezidenti watsopano wamanga sachedwa Kudzidalira ndi nkhani zachuma. Pamene anayamba nationalization amakampani akunja anali. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Argentina ndi mwachangu zimagulitsidwa uphungu (makamaka dzinthu ndi oilseeds) mu Europe nkhondo anawonongedwa.

Monga analonjeza Juan Peron, ngwazi yadziko, wopondereza wachita zambiri pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti boma anayamba kanthu chuma chimene ali pamaso masewera si mbali yachiwiri. Choyamba mphamvu zonse watenga ulamuliro wa njanji onse, gasi ndi magetsi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka chiwerengero cha a boma. Anayamba kulimbikitsa kuti lamulo la mitengo (kulangidwa zikubweretsa mitengo amalonda kuwathandiza Boma payekha). Argentina anachita chuma ndi ndale pamene Peron ankatchedwa "Peronism".

ankayembekezera sizinachitike

Kamodzi mphamvu, Peron ankakhulupirira kuti posachedwapa United States ndi Soviet Union adzasiya dziko lachitatu nkhondo. Chotero nkhondo kuti kachiwiri kubweretsa phindu Argentina, kufunika kwa katundu amene wakula yekha. Mu 1950 ndinayamba ku Korea, ndipo Peron ku nkhani yake kuti zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala "Democracy" adanenera kuti iye adzakula mu dziko. Pulezidenti molakwika.

Vuto linali lakuti lolimba ndondomeko chuma Peron sakanakhoza kubala zipatso kwamuyaya. Autarky anali ntchito pokhapokha ngati muyeso Transitional. Tsopano Argentina anafunikira chinthu chatsopano. chiyembekezo chachiwiri Peron, kuwonjezera pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, zinali zikamera wa bourgeoisie wamphamvu dziko. Kuti iye akanakhoza kulenga mafakitale watsopano ndi ntchito kuti sitingafunikire kutero ang'onoang'ono boma. Chotero bourgeoisie amphamvu Argentina anaonekera. Amalonda anali ochenjera, adawopa aganyali kupanga atsopano ndi kuyesa kukhala m'madera miyambo ya chuma dziko.

akuti yachiwiri

Kulephera chiyembekezo Peron pa zinthu msika anatsogolera chakuti lonse woyamba akuti dziko lake chabe kudya ndalama ndi kupeza kwa wolemera kwa zaka pambuyo nkhondo. Zotsatirazi wake kukonzanso chisankho watsopano zisanu ndi chimodzi akuti mutu wa boma anaganiza kusintha malamulo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, zizindikiro loyamba la mavuto azachuma, mwachitsanzo, wakhala devalued pesos. Komanso, mu 1951-1952 gg. chilala chinapululutsa dziko kuwononga kwambiri za mbewu chimanga.

Panyengo wake woyamba monga pulezidenti Juan Domingo Peron - Argentine chiyembekezo kwa anthu ambiri ndi mtsogoleri mitundu - sanazengereze kukhala wolamulira authoritarian amene ankamenyana ndi dissent. Chinthu choyamba umenewu mu 1948 anali mlandu wa a Khoti Lalikulu oweruza, amene milandu ndale. Ndiye Peron anayambitsa kusintha kwa malamulo a. Lamulo latsopano chachikulu cha dziko, wadutsa mu 1949, analola pulezidenti kuti reelected kwa akuti chachiwiri.

mfundo yachilendo

M'bwalolo lonse , Pulezidenti wa Argentina chinang'ambika pakati pa mayiko awiri - US ndi USSR. Masiku ano, anthu akukhulupirira kuti wotsogolera wa masiku ano si limagwirizana kayendedwe anali "Njira yachitatu" imene osankhidwa Juan Peron. Wambiri ya mtsogoleri wadziko lathu, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, kumachititsanso ndi Europe. Iye ankafuna kuti ndiyankhule pa mawu ofanana ndi United States (kumayambiriro zaka nkhondoyo, Argentina anali mmodzi wa chuma waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse). Chifukwa, Perón ubwenzi poyera yekha ku mayiko awiri.

Argentina sanagwirizane ndi International Monetary Fund ndi mabungwe ena ofanana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, oimira ake pafupifupi nthawi zonse amachoka mu UN komanso United States. Mu njira zambiri, "Njira yachitatu" chinali chabe apamwamba osati mfundo zonse kunachitika.

Chiyambi cha mapeto

Mu 1953, inali imodzi mwa kuwonekera poyera Peron ku Buenos Aires, panali mabomba angapo. Poyankha kuukira apolisi anawazunza anayamba. Mphamvu anapezerapo mwayi osokoneza pansi pa otsutsa (ndiwofatsa, Socialist ndi zipani zina). Posachedwapa, dziko anayamba kumenya antchito. Peronists ndayesera gloss pa mfundo zipolowe lapansi. Ankalamulira nyuzipepala sanalole ndemanga za zikuchitika m'dzikolo zachiwawa.

Nkhondo ndi mpingo

Kumapeto kwa 1954 Perón anapanga mwina mosadziwa chachikulu. Iye anapanga kulankhula limene kukaneneza Argentine Katolika ndi kuti wakhala kukuchitika pamudzipo chitsutso, zimene ziyenera combated. Tinayamba woyamba zifukwa zachipembedzo.

Poyamba, Mpingo wakhala akuyesetsa kuti kuyankha kuukira ndi Peron. Komabe, pambuyo mawu ake pa atolankhani anayamba sikunachitekepo odana ndi zachipembedzo kampeni. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mpingo kwenikweni anayamba kugwirizanitsa chitsutso. Mtendere chionetsero achipembedzo inasanduka chionetsero phokoso ndale. Akuluakulu anayamba kutenga malamulo odana ndi zachipembedzo (chiyembekezo chakuti maphunziro mokakamizidwa mu sukulu za Akatolika, ndi zina zotero. D.).

zokhumba

Monga chimachepetsa mawu ake ankhondo anaganiza kuti. Iwo sanali malamulo, amene kunachitidwa ndi Juan Domingo Peron. Wambiri ya Pulezidenti, ziribe kanthu momwe lodziwika bwino pamaso sanali, sanathe mundikhululukire machimo akewo latsopano. Ulendo woyamba zinachitika June 16, 1955. Bulu ndege mabomba a Plaza de A Mayo, pamene izo zimayenera kukhala Peron. The okonza kuukira zinali zolakwika. Mazana a anthu osalakwa anaphedwa ndi mabomba a. Pa tsiku limenelo, Buenos Aires wakhala yoweyula watsopano pogroms achipembedzo.

September 16, analeredwa ndi kuwukira mu Cordoba. Mantha (kapena sakufuna kuphana) Perón anabisala mu ofesiyo la Paraguay. Mwakuwoneka wambawamba boma anakomoka mwa masiku angapo. zochitikazo amatchedwa Argentina "Kumasuka utasintha". Pulezidenti anali General Eduardo Lonardi.

Bwererani mphamvu

Pambuyo kulanda boma la, Peron anatha kupita kudziko lina. Anakakhala ku Spain, kumene ankakhala kwazaka ngati makumi awiri. Panthawi imeneyi, Argentina ali kangapo anasintha ndale. Boma wina m'malo mwa zina, koma pakali pano chaka chilichonse mwa misa anakula nostalgic kwa masiku akale peronovskim. Dziko anadwala kayendedwe zigawenga, ndipo ngakhale pafupi azingokhala.

Kumachita akunja, Perón mu 1970 oyambirira anakhazikitsa "Hustisialistsky Kumasuka Front" - kayendedwe, amene anagwirizana ndi Peronists yeniyeni nationalists osafuna kusintha ndi mbali ya sosholisimu lapansi. Pa chisankho chotsatira Pulezidenti 1973 nthaŵi yaitali ngwazi yadziko, anapambana Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga chigonjetso. Iye anabwerera kunyumba dzana - pamene anthu ake kale m'manja mwa boma, na ciyezezo kuopsa kupondereza kapena kuzunzidwa ndale. Juan Peron, kanthawi yonena kuti kusiyanitsa amazipotokola ambiri kwambiri, anamwalira pa July 1, 1974-TH. nthawi wake wachitatu sanakhalitse ngakhale chaka.

Personal moyo ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu 40s palibe zochepa otchuka pakati pa anthu, poyerekeza mtsogoleri dziko, anagwiritsa ntchito mkazi wake Eva (kapena Evita). Iye anatsogolera Amayi Peronist phwando. Mu 1949, akazi Argentine wabweza yoyenera kuvota. Juan ndi Evita Peron amadziwa azigamula malankhulidwe moto amene anatsogolera mbali Peronism mu chisangalalo pafupifupi achipembedzo. Lachifundo Foundation Choyamba Lady kwenikweni anachita ntchito ya Utumiki wa Development Social. Eva Peron anamwalira mu 1952 ali ndi zaka 33. Chifukwa cha imfa yake anali khansa ya m'chiberekero.

Eva anali mkazi wachiwiri wa Peron. Mkazi Wake choyamba, Aurelia anamwalira mu 1938. Kachitatu Peron ankaimba ukwati 1961. Osankhidwa kwawo anakhala Isabel. Pamene malamulo akale mu 1973 kachiwiri anathamangira kwa pulezidenti, mkazi wake anapita kafukufuku monga prezidenti a. Atamwalira Peron a anatenga malo okhala. mkaziyo anakhalabe mu mphamvu yaitali. pasanathe zaka ziwiri kenako, March 24, 1976 asilikali anapanga kulanda boma lina lankhondo kuti anagonjetsa Isabel. Akazembe apitenso Spain. mkazi Pali 85 wazaka moyo lero.