Ancient zipangizo: dzina

Lero, pa zowonetsera zina pali mafilimu za moyo wa munthu mbiri isanayambe. Koma iwo unali chiyani? The Cro-Magnon kuchita nthawi yanu yomasuka? Kodi zida wakale Tingaone mu nthawi yathu?

Mafunso onse awa mudzapeza mayankho ndi kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

kutanthauza

Mfundo imeneyi poyamba anaonekera mu zolemba Karla Marksa. Iye tanthauzo monga "njira mawotchi ntchito." Ndi chifukwa gulu la anapezazo ndi yokonza periodization onse kusokoneza ulimi wa nkhani, wasayansi German watsimikizira chiphunzitso chakuti zamoyo zinangokhalako zokha chikhalidwe.

Anthu ali, kuziyika izo chilankhulidwe zomveka, chida - ndi nkhani iliyonse, chifukwa chimene ife ntchito pa zipangizo achilengedwe ndi kupeza zinthu zofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu kutenga mkondo ndi kupha yaikuluyi, adzakhululukidwa kudyetsedwa ndi kuvekedwa fuko lonse. Pankhaniyi, mkondo - chida za kusaka ndi ntchito.

ntchito wakale anthu

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha Darwin, munthu kusanduka kuchokera ku anyani. Inde, akatswiriwa anapeza zotsalira za nyama, umene dongosolo chigaza zinthu zina anyani ndi anthu.
Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal munthu ... Izi siteji Transitional ku dziko nyama ndi munthu.

view masiku ano amatchedwa sapiens wa Homo (Homo sapiens), kapena Cro-Magnon. Zikamera wa adzaupereka kwa nthawi ya zaka 40,000 zapitazo.

Features kuti kusiyanitsa anthu ndi nyama, ndiyeno panali zolankhula ndi luso bwino zochitika chikoka. Ndiye kuti, ndi munthu wophunzitsidwa kuti zipangizo wakale ntchito maina sitikudziwa, koma ife tikhoza kubwezeretsa maonekedwe awo.

Choncho kodi makolo athu? Zonsezi anali pa kupulumuka. Wapakati moyo amayembekezeka anali osaposa zaka makumi atatu. Njala, zilombo zolusa, mikangano ndi mafuko yapafupi, matenda - zinthu zonsezi kwambiri complicates kuli anthu wosazindikira.

Choncho, nyama komanso kukafufuza anakonzedwa kudyetsa fuko. Kusoka ndi khungu la zikopa - kuti zigwirizane ndi anthu ndipo mumakhala m'nyumba.

kusaka

Maziko a zakudya munthu wakale anali nyama. Kukula mbewu monga chimanga ndi mbewu masamba, iye sankadziwa momwe, ndi chilombo zomera edible kudutsa si kawirikawiri, ndipo musati kukula thickly. Komanso, nthawi okhwima, pazipita - kawiri pa chaka.

Choncho, kusakasaka anali asodzi chachikulu, chimene chikuchita ndi anthu akale. zida izi inali yoyenera. Mwina mungafunse kuti, nanga tikudziwa. Ndipotu, ambiri zakuthupi si amatha zaka zambiri kugona pa dziko lapansi, ndipo mupulumutsidwe. Izi ziri chomwecho, koma fupa ndi kamwala kakang'ono atengeke kuwonongeka, makamaka nthaka mazira kapena youma.

Komanso, lero pali mafuko ambiri amene akukhalabe mu dongosolo wosazindikira limodzi. Izi mlenje-okolola kummwera kwa Africa, Australia, ndi Pacific Islands ndi Amazon. Ndi kuwaphunzira, ethnographers kubereka zinthu zinalili masauzande zapitazo.

Makamaka, iwo ankasakidwa ndi timitengo ndi miyala. Kenako, panali mipeni ndi mikondo yakuthwa ndipo harpoons, mkondo kufanana. Pa nthawi analengedwa mivi ndi uta ndi mivi.

Zida zonse wakale kuthandiza munthu kuti akhale mofulumira ndi wamphamvu kuposa zinyama ozungulira. Ndipotu palibe mano lakuthwa kapena zikhadabo wa makolo athu sanatero.

kusonkhana

Pamene akufufuza zida wakale, mayina iwo anabwera panjira. Mwachitsanzo, liwu loti "ndodo-digger. Kodi wina kunena za nkhaniyi, wochokera mizu ya dziko lapansi, koma pa fosholo iye chosonyeza ofanana?

Ambiri, kwambiri za zinthu mtundu ntchito ngati kuli kotheka. Ie, mpeni m'malo mwa fosholo, foloko, zida zina scraper. Popeza kubala ziwiya imeneyi anali osowa, zinthu kwambiri kwambiri. Makamaka maina abwino ndi bwino anapatsidwa, ndipo iwo wodutsapo cholowa.

Mwachitsanzo, chopezera mbale, zofunika mpeni, nthawi zina kunali koyenera kuti oposa zana nkhonya pa workpiece wa - phata. Si nthawi zonse mwala flakes mu njira yoyenera, ngakhale pamene ntchito zipangizo zamakono, kunena kanthu amadza chifukwa cha mwala mwachizolowezi?

Kusonkhanitsa zipatso nthambi ntchito timitengo, miyala, kukumba - zidutswa fupa, mipeni, kukumba ndodo.

kupanga loyamba

Ancient zipangizo za ntchito wosazindikira anthu anali kwambiri zothandiza. Iwo anafuna kanthu waukali ndiponso processing zofunika. About aliyense zodzikongoletsera opanda pake ndipo filigree ntchito ya ambuye a iwo akadali sanapite.

Ndife tsopano kudziwika mitima ndi scrapers, mipeni, omwe anapangidwa kuchokera pa chidutswa umodzi poyamba, ndiyeno kupita ku flakes. Kenako, panali tchizulo, nkhwangwa ndi zipangizo zina.

Amene kwenikweni anali kuganizira anthu mu nthawi zovuta? Safety, chakudya, chikondi. Moyo, yakhala pothawirapo zachilengedwe - m'mapanga, ovuta, zigwembe. M'kupita kwa nthawi, tinaphunzira kumanga tinyumba ta ndi kupanga moto.

Mmene kuonetsetsa chakudya tatchulazi. Kodi ndi kutentha? Kodi zida wakale, mu nkhani iyi, ndi momwe iwo ntchito? Nthawi yomweyo, tikuona kuti ndithudi anali zipangizo pa dzanja. Scrapers ndi mipeni zikopa zopangidwa pakachitsulo. mchere uyu ali ndi chuma lowopsya. Pa dzanja limodzi ndi bwino foliated, ndi wina - ndi wamphamvu kwambiri.

Singano anapanga makombo a mafupa a nyama kapena nsomba. Ngakhale poyamba zinali chabe choboolera. Eyelet zinaoneka zambiri mtsogolo.

Chisel nyundo, kubowola anauka pamene panali kufunika kwa iwo. Zida ntchito, monga izo ziriri lero, chifukwa cha ntchito yomanga nyumba, maboti gouging ndi ntchito zina.

Ntchito ya zipangizo mu chitukuko anthu

Asayansi lero ndi chidwi osati anthu chabe wakale. zida nawonso ali zambiri.

Choyamba, malinga ndi kuchulukitsa kwa zinthu, izo Ndizachidziwikire za chitukuko ubale pakati pa anthu, mapangidwe magulu a anthu. Munthu akhoza kusaka, monga agwape. Koma yekha kupha ndi kudya chintchito, ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi abale, kudzakhala kovuta.

fuko A anali mwambo, kuti athandize gulu pamwamba pa zolinga za anthu. Choncho, throwers mkondo, mauta isanafike amasonyeza kulankhula ndi chitukuko bungwe ntchito. Choncho, pamene atsogoleri kale kuti aime, yemwe anali kusonkhanitsa gulu ndi kutsogolera gulu kuti zikhudze.

Chachiwiri, kuphunzira zipangizo wakale, tikuona kuti iwo amafanana ndi mzake, ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri. Ndiko kuti, anali Kuphunzira momwe kutulutsa iwo.

zida wakale ntchito lero

Lero, ife, ndithudi, asokoneza mlingo wa chitukuko zamakono, koma ntchito imene mbali ya mpeni ndi mzati alibe msonkhano. Koma mthunzi izi.

chenicheni lero ndicho cholinga chokwaniritsa munthu, mwaukadaulo kupanga atlatl ndi uta, muyenera kupita ku madera akutali a dziko. Anthu otchedwa ma Bushmen, mwachitsanzo, mu savannah African tikukhala mu M'badwo wa Stone. Iwo sangamvetse zinthu zimene timagwiritsa ntchito. Choncho, lero salinso kuvulaza kubzala moumiriza wa "zabwino zolengedwa." Ofufuzawa chabe kuphunzira moyo wawo, njira ya moyo.

Mikondo boomerangs, mauta ndi bolas bwinobwino ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Komabe, kupanga mlingo mafuko, anati zipangizo zawo.

Mwachitsanzo, Avstraliyskie Aborigeny sindikudziwa Luka, amene amadziwa kale ntchito mu Africa. Mu Amazon ndi mminda bolas kufala (awiri sinker, angongole zikopa anamangirira) - ndi zinachitika wa gulaye ndi. Ndipo iwo tiweramitse koma osati kwambiri chofunika.

Osungirako zinthu zakale - zooneka ophunzira

Tiyerekezenso kuti daze chanu kusukulu anafunsidwa kusonyeza pa pepala zipangizo zofanana. Ndipo Iye adachewukira kwa inu kuti mundithandize. Kodi kudzatunga zipangizo wakale wa ntchito? Musapite bwino zimenezi Australia kuona kukumba ndodo.

Lero, ndi mwamtheradi zofunika. Mukhoza amasirira zosonkhanitsira kwambiri amapeza mu yamderali, mbiri pofukula kapena ethnographic owonetsera zakale aliyense.

Zabwino zonse kwa inu, wokondedwa owerenga!