Amene anali European oyamba kufika ku gombe la Australia?

Amadziwika kuti kulamulira kwa Australia anayamba chifukwa cha atulukira James Cook. Zinali iye amene analengeza dziko latsopano m'manja mwa Korona, anapatsa mayina a capes ndi Magombe, kujambula mapu gombe m'dzikoli. Komabe, zinthu siziri mophweka. The azungu woyamba anakafika ku doko la Australia si Kuphika. Iye anali akalambula ambiri, zouluka mbendera ya mphamvu zazikulu za panyanja ya nthawi: Portugal, Spain ndi Netherlands.

yadothi Australis

Ngakhale kalelo, ku Ulaya, anaganiza kuti ndi Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi, ayenera kukhala Africa, kwinakunso kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Izi Africa lanthano anali gwero la kudzoza kwa ofufuza ndi akatswiri olemba mapu. Pofuna kuti akatidzadza ndi azungu anali kuyembekeza kuti yadothi Australis adzakhala olemera ndi yachonde. Koma iwo sanali amafuna kufufuza akulimbana: chakuti M'madera a zitunda mkulu sanalonjeze chilichonse oyendetsa wabwino. Iwo anali wotchuka kulimbana zawo zonse, ndipo aliyense n'kusambira pa chifuniro. Kuwonjezera mkuntho amalinyero akhagopa chifunga wandiweyani. Iwo otsiriza, mwina, ndi chifukwa kuti Australia anapeza pasanafike zilumba ozungulira.

anthu

Pamene tikuganizira za amene poyamba anafika kugombe la Australia, n'zomveka osanenapo Aaborijini n'kukakhala Africa pafupifupi 40,000 zapitazo. makolo awo anachokera ku Asia ndipo anali kupita ku Australia chifukwa masiku amenewo dziko mawonekedwe osiyana pang'ono. Kenako, Australia zamakolo anali olekanitsidwa ndi dziko lonse, chikhalidwe chawo ali kusanduka pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, agonjetsi European mu liwu limodzi anawatcha "watsoka."

Amene poyamba anafika ku gombe la Australia?

Mu zaka za m'ma 16, Chipwitikizi atsamunda katswiri Islands Sunda. m'deralo anawauza m'mayiko ananamiza kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Apwitikizi anafika pa mphepete kumpoto-kumadzulo m'dzikoli, anafufuza ndipo anapeza amamupeza. Ena umboni wa kukhala kuno asiya: a zaka zochepa m'mphepete mwa ngondo Bay anapeza mfuti Chipwitikizi.

Mu zaka za m'ma 16, anatulukira pansi wina watsopano mu wachibale moyandikana - Papua (New Guinea). zilumba zonse zimapezeka M'madera a zitunda awa (zambiri mwangozi), ankaonera monga mbali ya Unknown South Land, koma ngakhale Chipwitikizi kapena Spanish si gawo latsopano chidwi. Kugombe anali nkhanza kwambiri, ndipo anthu - osauka. Ngakhale kumtunda mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja wakhala pang'ono kujambula mapu, mbiri sanasunge dzina la kapitawo, amene anali woyamba European kufika ku gombe la Australia.

Zocitika za East India Company

Ndi nthawi yofunafuna yadothi Australis chidwi Dutch, Spanish panyanja (Mendanya, Quiros ndi Torres) anapeza chilumba cha Santa Cruz, komanso Marquesas ndi Solomon Islands, natsimikizira kuti New Guinea Kumwera Earth si. Mu zaka za m'ma 17, Dutch anagwira Chipwitikizi Sunda Islands, anayambitsa East India Company ndi kuchita malonda ndi India ndi Asia Southeast.

Maphunziro kuti zombo Dutch anali ankawalamulira Asian, amapulumutsa Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera, anagona pafupiko kwa Wonenedwa South Land, amene Dutch mwachangu anafuna. Akukhulupirira kuti azungu woyamba anakafika ku doko la Australia Dutch mkulu Willem Janszoon. Zimenezi ndi umboni zopelekedwa. Anthu a Cape York Peninsula anakumana oyendetsa Yanszon kuposa oipa, ndipo kapitawo anafulumira ulendo. Izi zinachitika mu 1606.

chilikupita Tasman

Ngakhale ndemanga zoipa Yanszon dziko latsopano ndi anthu ake, ndi East India Company anapitiriza kutumiza zombo ake mu madzi wamba. Bwanamkubwa wa Batavia (Jakarta) - Anton Van Diemen - analamula mu 1642 ndi Abel Tasman chilichonse chinali kupeza m'dziko latsopano.

Ngakhale namondwe, zombo anafika kugombe la Tasman sanamuvulaze chilumba lotsatira, dzina lake Van Diemen a Land, ndipo patapita zaka anadzatchedwa Tasmania. Abel analengeza cholowa chake cha Dutch, koma sanamvetse kuti pamaso pake - chilumba kapena gawo m'dzikoli. Kenako anapeza New Zealand, amene ku Ulaya sadziwa chilichonse, ndipo Tonga ndi Fiji. Anapeza kuti onse Islands kale anapeza Sali mbali ya Chile, conventionally otchedwa "New Holland". Malire a zosadziwika South Land anaphwa kum'mwera.

Dampier ku Australia

Chilikupita Tasman anali opanda pake. Komanso, mu m'ma 17, Netherlands wavutika mndandanda wa unagonjetsedwa ndi England ndipo anataya udindo wake mkulu. Studies mwa nyanja kum'mwera kuchita British. Awa, oyamba kufika ku gombe la Australia, William Dampier. Iye kawiri m'chombo ku Australia (New Holland) titaphunzira gombe kumpoto-kumadzulo ndipo adalemba mabuku awiri za izo. Chifukwa cha iwo, kontinenti latsopano anadziwika kwa dziko (la Dutch anapeza zonse zobisika).

ulendo woyamba Cook

Mkulu Dzheyms Kuk anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa luso lake panyanja ndi mapu. Choncho, boma la Britain anapita kufufuza New Zealand ndi malo ake. Komabe, mwalamulo, sikuti anali kusunga Venus kudutsa kudutsa Dzuŵa litayamba (chochitika ndi chidwi zakuthambo). Komanso, James analamula "pamtengo kunja" mayiko onse anapeza mwa iye. Pamene Cook anafika Australia, chinali chaka 1770. Maulendowa kuphunzira zoposa 1,600 kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa. Izi m'mayiko mkulu wotchedwa New South Wales.

madoko angapo pamalo abwino zofunika oyendetsa wake kukazikoloŵeka mbendera British. Cook anapezanso ndi kuphunzira Great Barrier Reef ndipo anapeza kuti New Zealand aumbike mwa zilumba ziwiri.

atulukira zofunika

Pamene Dzheyms Kuk anafika Australia, anakapezeka ali Bay, ndipo anadzakhala zomera Bay. Apa, British anaona zomera wokongola ndiponso zinyama sanapezeke m'dziko lawo. Akukhulupirira kuti Bay dzina lake zomera Bay kwambiri njira ya ngalawa wasayansi Banks. Pa nthawi imeneyi, timu yomweyo anayamba kukangana ndi anthu kumeneko. Ndipotu kulamulira British la Australia anayamba ndi chiwonongeko cha m'deralo, amene m'masiku amenewo anali kuoneka otsika.

Osati kutali zomera Bay, Cook anapeza doko yabwino kwambiri, zomwe, ndithudi, boma ananena. Kenako kunafika yoyamba latsopano Africa mzinda - Sydney. Oyendetsa anayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa, ndiye adzakhale ndi kumpoto. Cook apasa madzina malo ofunika nasolola mapu mwa nyanja. The British sankasamala amene ali oyamba kufika ku gombe la Australia. Iwo kunali kofunika kulengeza awarding madera awa. Chotero iwo ananyamuka mitundu yonse ya umboni wa kumeneko, hoisting mbendera mosamala zalembedwa zochita zawo.

Zotsatira Cook kuyenda

James anabwerera kugombe la New Zealand pa ulendo wotsatira, koma Australia salinso inatera. Ntchito yake inali kutsimikizira kuti kwachinsinsi Kumwera M'dziko awonongedwa. Ndipo pamene Cook anafika ku gombe Australia, iye ankadziwa mosiyana akapolo anzawo akale, limene lili ku New Holland, osati kwinakwake.

Zombo anawoloka Arctic Circle, ndipo anapita mpaka M'madera a zitunda Kumwambamwamba, amene anakomana ndi paketi ayezi ndi namkholowa. Cook anapanga mapeto ndiye kuti ngati M'dziko Southern, ndipo alipo, ndiye iwe sungakhoze kufika kwa ilo, ndi chidwi mu izo siziri, monga yokutidwa oundana.

Koma Australia, ndi kale zaka 17 pambuyo kutsegula ake nduna zomera Bay chombo anafika ndi akaidi ku England, amene amayenera kuyamba moyo watsopano pano.

anapezazo

Sitingathe kunena motsimikiza amene poyamba Ulaya anafika ku gombe la Australia, koma Kuphika. mtengo wake ndi kuti pafupifupi anatsegula Africa kachiwiri, anafufuza mosamala, ndipo chinabweretsa kulamulira wotsatira.