Alexander, Grand Duke. Mbiri ya Ufumu Russian

Grand Duke Romanov Alexander Mikhailovich anabadwa April 13, 1866 mu Tiflis. Ambiri a moyo wake wakhala kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa Navy ndi Air Force. membala uyu ufumu wa achifumu anakumbukira ntchito zawo kamangidwe, sakhalitsa utsogoleri wa malonda apanyanja, ndi achangu mu nyengo ya emigration pambuyo Civil nkhondo.

Childhood ndi unyamata

The Grand Duke anali mwana wa Mikhail Nikolayevich ndi mdzukulu wa Mfumu Nicholas I. Tsar Alexander III, iye ndi msuweni wake. Mfumu yomaliza, Nicholas II anali lake lalikulu-mphwake. mayi Alesandro - Olga Fedorovna - anali German mwa kubadwa. Anali mwana wa Duke Leopold wa Baden.

Monga mwana, tsogolo Tsar Nicholas II anali ndi anzawo apamtima. Mmodzi wa iwo ankaona kuti Alexander. The Grand Duke ndi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu anali pafupifupi zaka zofanana ndi kusiyana kwa zaka ziwiri. Monga nthumwi zambiri zazing'ono Nyumba ya Romanov, Alexander wasankha ntchito ya usilikali. Anapempha mu Metropolitan College sitima, pamene anamaliza mu 1885. Mnyamatayu analandira udindo wa kapitawo chilolezo ndipo kunapezeka kuti analembedwa alonda. Chisankho sanali mwangozi. Alonda ali yapamwamba panyanja mbali ya mbali ya mfumu Alonda.

ulendo World

Mu 1886, Romanov dzina lake Aleksandr Mihaylovich anapita zombozi lonse, akuyamba midshipman a. Grand Duke analambalala dzikoli bronepalubnom corvette "belu." Pa Khirisimasi, chombo analowa madzi m'zigawozo lakutali Brazil. Alexander ngakhale ndalama ku ulendo nduna Gdańsk Mfumu Pedro II. Mfumu anakumana ndi Russian mlendo nyumba yake ya m'mapiri Petropolis, kumene anadikira pachimake otentha kum'mwera chilimwe. Monga zingapo, Pedro antchito, ndipo Brazil wodzilamula.

The Grand Duke anapanga amasiya South Africa. Apo iye anadziwa moyo ndi zovuta ntchito ya alimi Dutch. Ku Cape Town anayamba kusintha yaitali "Rynda" - mu Singapore. Sitimayo anakhala pa nyanja masiku 45, ndipo panthawi adalira wake sitinamuone kafungo akuyandikira dziko. Malinga ndi Maulendo a Alexander Mikhailovich nyumba iliyonse wachiwiri Singapore a chinatown anali Opium khola, kumene okonda mankhwala ndiye otchuka.

kubadwa kwake msuweni 21 ndiye anakumana mfumu popita ku Hong Kong. Ndiye anakhala zaka ziwiri mu Nagasaki, kumene anapita ulendo wa ku India, Australia ndi Philippines. Mu Japan, Grand Duke anapita Gdańsk mfumu ndipo anaphunzira ngakhale ndizosowa chilankhulo cha m'dzikolo. "Rynda" anabwerera ku Ulaya m'chaka cha 1889, pambuyo kudutsa ndi Suez Canal ku Egypt. Inu musanafike mu nyumbayo, Grand Duke anapita mlendo Mfumukazi Victoria, amene anatenga Romanov ndi alendo, ngakhale ndi yovuta ubale British-Russian.

Pa Alexander Mikhailovich iye anali yatchi wake "Tamara". Pa iyo, iye ankapitapitanso. Mu 1891, "Tamara" anapita India. Atangoyamba ulendo Alexander anakhala mtsogoleri pa wowonongayo "revel" Mu 1893, iye pamodzi ndi squadron anapita North America. Frigate "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" ndi zombo zina Russian anatumizidwa ku Dziko Latsopano pa nthawi ya chikumbutso 400th wotulukira ake ndi Columbus.

ukwati

Mu 1894 kale zinali Alexander - Grand Duke - ndi udindo wa mkulu. Atangoyamba Kukwezeleza izi anakwatira. Alexander ndi mkazi wake anakhala Xenia Alexandrovna. The Grand Duchess anali mlongo wamng'ono wa Nicholas II. Iye ankadziwa adzakhale mwamuna wake kuyambira ubwana - iye nthawi zonse anapita Gatchina, kumene kunali ana a Alexander III.

Ang'ono ataliatali loderapo anali achinyamata chikondi Xenia. Woyamba wa maganizo ake, ndipo anauza mchimwene wake Nicholas, yemwe akutchedwa bwenzi Alexander Sandro. Ukwati wa Grand Duke ndi Grand Duchess zinachitika July 25, 1894 mu Peterhof. Banjalo ana asanu - ana asanu ndi mwana wamkazi mmodzi (Irina, Andrei, Fedor, Nikita, Dmitri, Rostislav ndi Basil).

Kusamalira Navy

Mu 1891 Alexander anayamba kufalitsa Directory "bulu", omwe anakhala wotchuka kwambiri magazini zombo zoweta. Mu chaka chomwecho mayi ake anamwalira Olga Fedorovna. Grand Duke tcheru kwambiri kuti boma la Pacific zombo. Pofuna kulimbikitsa izo, Alexander zaka zingapo pokonza ndondomeko njira kusintha kwake. chikalata unaperekedwa kwa Nicholas II mu 1895.

Ngakhale Far East anali wosakhazikika - mu China panali chisokonezo ndi Japan mofulumira modernized ndi kuyamba amati mutu wa mphamvu zazikulu dera. Kuti pansi pa zikhalidwe izi ndinachita Alexander? Grand Duke akufuna kuti zichokera chakuti Japan kusiyana mofulumira, posapita nthawi kulengeza nkhondo pa Russia. Mu ubwana wake, iye anakhala zaka ziwiri mu Dziko la Kutuluka Sun, ndipo nthawi imeneyi akhoza kuona patsogolo wafika pa nthawi yochepa chilumba ufumu.

Komabe, chenjezo Grand Duke a anaitanidwa kuti St. Petersburg mkwiyo. More udindo wapamwamba asilikali ndi a mafumu anali m'gulu Japan monga mdani ofooka, ndipo sankaona kufunika kukonzekera kampeni kovuta. Zasonyezanso kuti iwo anali kulakwitsa. Komabe, nkhani zinakambidwa sanatengere. Komanso, chifukwa cha kusagwirizana za tsogolo la zombo yekha anapuma Alexander anatumizidwa mwachidule. The Grand Duke anabwerera ku msonkhano mu chaka cha 1898, kukhala kapitawo wa pa nkhondo coastguard "General-asilikali Apraksin".

zomangamanga kupambana

Kutumikira "Apraksin" Grand Duke anapereka zinachitikira kwambiri, amene anapanga maziko ntchito yake mamangidwe. Mu 1900, asilikali anamaliza sewero seagoing nkhondo coastguard "asilikali Butakov". Iye anakhala rethinking a "Apraksin". Pamodzi ndi Alexander Mikhailovich anagwira injiniya ntchito mkulu wa sitima padoko likulu Dmitriy Skortsov.

Wina zipatso za ukachenjede ntchito za Grand Duke - ntchito nkhondo ndi kusamutsidwa matani 14,000. Iye analandira mfuti sikisitini. An ntchito zofanana imodzi ndi Alexander Mikhailovich maphunziro wotchuka panyanja injiniya Vittorio Kunibert. sewero ili maziko a ntchito yomanga zombo za kalasi "Regina Elena". Kusiyana maganizo Kunibert ndi Grand Duke anali kokha chakuti zoti Italy, motsutsana ndi kusintha Romanova, pambuyo pa zonse wakhala anazindikira.

Nduna za Atumiki

Mu 1903, pa Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich anabwera uthenga wabwino Palace. Iye analimbikitsa kumbuyo asilikali. Isanafike Grand Duke zaka ziwiri anali kapitao pa nkhondo "Rostislav". Tsopano Alexander lolunjika pa utumiki malamulo. Iye anapita ku Ofesi ya Malonda Kutumiza Council. Alexander nakopa mfumu kutembenuza anthu ofuna. Mu November 1902 Bungwe anakhala General Directorate wa Malonda Kutumiza ndi M'madoko, ndipo makamaka - Utumiki.

The abwana ndi kumbuyo mkulu wa bungwe latsopano nayenso Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. Zombo Russian ankafuna bungwe osiyana oteteza ake zinthu malonda, ndinaganiza Romanov. Komabe, ziribe kanthu momwe zolinga zabwino kapena kutsogoleredwa m'banja lachifumu, anakumana ndi pang'ono chitsutso otsala atumiki. Iwo sanali membala wa m'banja lachifumu kanthu ntchito ya boma. Pafupifupi nduna lonse anatembenuka wotsutsana ndi Alexander Mikhailovich. anzake anayesetsa kukakamiza Mfumu kupasuka kwa Administration General. Ichi chidachitika mu 1905. Choncho, Grand Duke ndi mwana sanakhalitse zaka zitatu.

Nkhondo ndi Japan

C Kubwera kwa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo, ndi yapamadzi ya Russian Ufumu anakumana ndi vuto lalikulu. Alexander anam'patsa moyo wake, anatenga mbali mu kampeni kuti. Iye anatenga kuyang'anira ntchito ndi maphunziro thandizo chotengera m'manja mwa Muzikonza zombo. Ndiye iwo akutsogolera komiti bungwe kutolera zopereka kulimbikitsa squadrons asilikali.

Mu 1905, izi kuwonongedwa kwa utumiki wake, Alexander anakhala kazembe wa detachment a ofunkha ndi cruisers, wanga, analamula mu kumathandiza wowerengeka. Pamene funso linauka kutumiza yachiwiri Pacific squadron kuti kugombe la Far East, Grand Duke anatsutsa lingaliro ili, kuganizira zombo inadequately anakonza. Ngakhale pambuyo pa mapeto a Chirasha Japanese nkhondo kwambiri amalume a mfumu anatenga gawo pokonza mapulogalamu ndi njira kumanganso inasokoneza nthawi imene panyanja.

Asilikali ndi woyang'anira wa ndege

Mu 1909 pa Grand Duke anakhala wachiwiri-asilikali. Mu chaka chomwecho bambo ake anamwalira, Mikhail Nikolaevich. makumi awiri, iye anali bwanamkubwa wa Caucasus, ngakhale mu '24 - wapampando wa Bungwe la State. Mikhail anali ndi ana asanu, ndipo Alexander moyo nthaŵi yaitali kuposa aliyense wa abale ndi alongo ake.

Mu 1915, Grand Duke anakhala asilikali. Komabe, ntchito zake osati zombo. Alexander wachita kwambiri pa chitukuko cha aeronautics dziko. Iyo inali chongoganiza mu 1910 anakhazikitsidwa Sevastopol kapitawo ndege sukulu. Ndiponso, akulu-amalume a mfumu anali mkulu wa gulu Imperial mpweya. Pa First World nkhondo, Grand Duke anayendera zombo ndi ndege.

Kuukira ndi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

The February zisinthe mwadzidzidzi anasintha moyo wa Romanovs onse. m'banja lachifumu anachotsedwa asilikali. Alexander Mikhailovich anachotsedwa ku utumiki, pokhalabe yunifolomu. Boma wogwirizira analola kuti moyo wake Crimea chuma mwini. Mwina kusuntha yake kum'mwera kupulumutsidwa nzika Romanova. Pamodzi ndi iye mu Crimea zinasuntha Xenia Alexandrovna ndi ana awo.

Alexander sanadzisiyira Russia mpaka pamapeto. Pa Civil nkhondo Crimea kangapo wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja. Pamene mphamvu pa chilumba mongoyembekezera anasamukira ku Bolsheviks, ndi Romanovs anali pangozi. Ndiye Crimea anabwera pansi Germany. Pambuyo Mtendere wa Brest ake yaitali ndi ogwirizana yachilendo wa Entente White. Ndi pamene Alexander ndi banja lake anaganiza zochoka ku Russia. Mu December 1918, iye anapita ngalawa British kwa France.

emigration

Mu Paris, Alexander membala wa msonkhano Russian ndale. Kapangidwe chinakhazikitsidwa Soviet boma otsutsa pofuna kufotokozera zinthu za dziko lake pa msonkhano Versailles. Kumapeto kwa 1918 izo anathetsa First World nkhondo ndipo tsopano wopambana wa dziko ati kusankha tsoka la Europe. Russia, amene kale ndi Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira moona anachita ntchito yawo kwa Entente, anali mosatsata wa mavoti ku Versailles kwa mtendere osiyana ndi Germany. Othandiza kayendedwe woyera anayesa kulanda mbendera panjira, koma sizinathandize. Alexander yekha ntchito zinthu zake zonse kukopa mayiko ena awononge Bolsheviks, koma analephera.

Kuyesa alendo, monga mudziwa, kapena sizinathandize. Pakati pa ambiri Grand Duke anapita ku Ulaya, poganiza kuti kubweranso kunyumba. Iye sanali munthu wokalamba, posachedwapa analowa pa pakhomo la zaka makumi asanu, ndipo akuyembekezera tsogolo labwino. Komabe, ngati achilankhulocho woyera, Alexander ndipo mpaka imfa yake m'dziko lachilendo. malo ake okhala anasankha France.

The Grand Duke anali membala wa mabungwe ambiri ochokera kunja. Iye chaired Union wa oyendetsa Russian asilikali, ndipo ankachita nawo ntchito kukhazikitsa Petrom Vrangelem Russian usilikali Union. Romanov athandiza ana ambiri mu ukapolo mu malo pachiopsezo.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa msuweni Nicholas II anapita ku ntchito ya Maulendo zawo. Mu kusindikizidwa kukumbukira mawonekedwe a Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ( "Book of Sindidzaiwala") zinasindikizidwa mu 1933 mu Paris wofalitsa. wolemba anamwalira atangopereka maonekedwe a ntchito yake mu masitolo. Iye anafa pa February 26, 1933 m'tauni achisangalalo wa Roquebrune pa Cote d'Azur. Alpes-Maritimes ndi kukhala malo ampumulo a zotsalira za mkazi wa Grand Duke Xenia Alexandrovna. Iye anapulumuka ndi mwamuna wake wa zaka 27, anamwalira April 20, 1960 mu British Windsor.

Maulendo a Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich lero ndi chidwi chipilala pa nthawi mbiri dziko. Atagwa chikominisi, ndi chikumbukiro cha Romanov kunyumba, komanso nthumwi zina zambiri ufumu wa mfumu, potsiriza limzake. Mu 2012, ku St. Petersburg anali kugwira zamkuwa. Mlembi wa chipilala unakhala ziboliboli ndi membala wa Presidium ya Russian Academy of Tirhana Albert Charkin.