Zosonkhanitsa ndalama m'nthawi zakale ndiponso masiku ano

Ndalama Kusonkhanitsa - kusangalala ndi ntchito zosangalatsa zimene zimalimbikitsa patsogolo M'maso ndi kuphunzira. Iye kawirikawiri zimathera ndondomeko kuphunzira mbiri ndi chikhalidwe zenizeni zimene ndalama imodzi kapena wina unayambitsidwa. Choncho, ndalama deta amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa ena systematized - dziko, m'badwo, chaka kupanga, etc. ndizolowere izi chizolowezi chofala kwambiri ...

Yambani Ndalama

Kuyambira mu VII m'ma BC mumzinda Asia Minor Lydia anayamba minting ndalama yoyamba padziko lonse, pomwepo anthu omwe anakhala uko kusonkhanitsa iwo ngati kuli kotheka, ndipo ena mwa ichi bwino. Monga Ostap Bender anati: "Ngati dziko kuyenda banknotes, ndiye apo payenera kukhala anthu amene ambiri a iwo." Komabe, mawonekedwe yosonkhanitsa si kusonkhanitsa. Tikuyankhula zokhudza chinachake.

Mfundo yoyamba zimene anthu anaona ndalama, osati a malipirowo, komanso zokongoletsa ndi luso mtengo, za kutha kwa Ine m'ma AD. Woyamba kudziwika wokhometsa a sayansi anali mfumu ya Aroma Augustus, kusonkhanitsa ndalama akale ndi ena ndi pa maholide darivshy kuti pafupifupi awo.

Oyambirira ndalama zosonkhanitsira

Ngati ife kulankhula za woyamba zilipo kutolera ndalama, ndiye izo ndithudi ndi chuma zopezeka mu Roma kuthetsa Vidy zimene tsopano ndi Switzerland. Panali makumi ndalama za golidi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Izi zikusonyeza kuti iwo anali gulu, osati alipidwa ndalama kudzikundikira.

Ndi chidwi kuti III m'ma AD, Mfumu Troyan Detsiya analamula kumasula mndandanda wa ndalama ndi zithunzi za akalambula wake - mafumu anafa, amene analamulira m'mbuyomu zaka ziwiri ndi theka. Makobidi anali zinapangidwa ndi mamangidwe aliyense wa iwo chimodzimodzi kubereka wapachiyambi, linatuluka mu zaka mazana angapo kumbuyoku. Kuchita ntchito imeneyi, muyenera kukhala gulu ndalama, umene prototypes kwa chasers unatengedwa.

chizolowezi cha mafumu

Mu Ulaya, ndalama yosonkhanitsa ndi yogwira pa m'zaka za m'ma XIV, komano chifukwa cha mitengo kwambiri mkulu, ndi gawo la anthu olemera kwambiri yekha. Iye ankatchedwa kuti "chizolowezi cha mafumu." Nthawi zakale wotchedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, kutchuka kwambiri anapeza ndalama zopereka wachokera Papa Bonifesi VIII, France mafumu Louis XIV ndi Henry IV, Woyera wa Chiroma Mfumu Maximilian ndi Mfumu Ferdinand I.

Mu XVII ndi zaka XVIII, chakhala mbiri monga nthawi ya Choonadi, mtundu uwu Collectibles, pamene akadali zolimbitsa mtengo kwambiri, amapeza Koma zatsopano. Iwo amaoneka mu njira sayansi komanso mwadongosolo kusankha zinthu. Iwo amadziwa kuti nthawi imeneyi ndi m'chigawo choyamba cha ndalama Russian, ndi chuma cha bwalo osankhika.

Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo akutulukira numismatics chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa chilango maphunziro. Mwa njira, kumasiyana kwambiri ku Collectibles mwachizolowezi, ngakhale, pa Koyamba, ndi pafupi kwa icho. Cholinga chachikulu cha numismatics ndi kuphunzira mbiri ya Ndalama ndi ndalama kufalitsidwa, lomwe ndi wodziimira nthambi ya sayansi.

Mu zaka zapitazo ndipo lero

A siteji qualitatively latsopano mu mbiri ya ndalama yosonkhanitsa anayamba XIX ndi XX atumwi. Chochitachi wayamba mosavuta ndi otchuka. Pali nyumba zambiri malonda, okhazikika mu kugulitsa ndalama. Padziko lonse, bungwe amagulitsa nsombazo ndi zisudzo.

M'zaka zapitazi, mwayi waukulu kwa okhometsa anatsegula mkubwela ndi chitukuko cha Intaneti. Uyamiko kwa Iye, pa malo apadera anapanga yomweyo kuwombola zambiri pakati ambiri otsatira chizolowezi izi mu dziko, ndi anasanja yobetcherana zogulitsa. umisiri wamakono kulola akatenga yobetcherana akutanthauza ndalama, ndiwo mndandanda wa zithunzi ndi kukopa ogula angathe.

Njira chizolowezi cha kusonkhanitsa

Khalani limasonyeza kuti chiyambi cha zopereka ambiri akhala ndalama alipidwa zomwe zinali kufalitsidwa zonse. Nthawi zina akhala kunja kwa maulendo kunja, kapena basi zina zapadera - mwachitsanzo, limatanthawuza kuti ndi nkhani chikumbutso kapena ukwati kupanga lapansi. Pafupipafupi komanso milandu pamene okhometsa tsogolo analandira msonkhano uliwonse, ndipo chidwi, anapitiriza kukhuta. Pang'onopang'ono, ntchitoyi anakhala ndi zazikulu ndi waphindu.

Ngati okhometsa oyambirira amakonda kusonkhanitsa zonse, ndiye nthawi ambiri a iwo kusankha ena specialization mwini. Iwo kulenga mndandanda wa ndalama mayiko munthu, nthawi zakale, kapena amene ali ndi mbali zina za kupanga. Si chinsinsi kuti nthawi zina kusonkhanitsa akukhala nawo maonekedwe a kuwongola ndi posungira likulu patokha. Izi ndi zoona makamaka mu nthawi ya mavuto azachuma. Pankhaniyi, mbali zikuluzikulu ankaimba ndi chakuti, momwe ndalama zambiri zosonkhanitsira, ndipo ndi chimene msika phindu.

Kusaka Chuma ndi Kusonkhanitsa

N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti kutolera ndalama zina amakwiya anthu kufunafuna makalasi chuma. Zikatero si zachilendo. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa chilakolako kumaliza unawasonkhanitsa popanda ndalama ndi chuma, koma nthawi zina chifukwa chozama - Pofuna kupeza zinthu zakale wapadera. Komabe, pali milandu pamene bwino alenje chuma amachita chidwi ndi okhometsa. Photo zopereka ndalama, zimene zili m'nkhani ino chingatithandize owerenga chifaniziro zithunzi ankapitabe kwambiri.