Zone Special chuma Russia: kufotokoza

Ngati boma la chuma cha dziko ndi osauka ndipo kwathunthu wosaoneka kwa ndalama zakunja, mmodzi wa zotuluka cha m'mene ziriri pano ndi mabacteria wapadera, bungwe mu dziko. Mwa malo awa munthu n'zotheka kuchita chosiyana mafakitale, ndalama, zachuma ndi tariff ndondomeko.

wapadera zone chuma Russia ndi chiyani? Chifukwa chiyani analenga? Malo wokongola kwa ndalama ndi zimene muli phindu kwa dziko? Awa ndi mafunso ena adzayesa m'nkhani ino.

mabacteria wapadera

Best makhalidwe kulenga m'magawo amenewa mbuyako ndithudi, mayiko a ku Ulaya. Komabe, Russia ali ndi kuthekera ndithu lalikulu m'dera limeneli. Pakali pano, dziko mayina oposa awiri dazeni OEZ.Osnovnye wapadera zone chuma Russia akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ingapo:

• mafakitale;
• zokopa alendo
• mmene kukumana;
• luso.

Patapita tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu ya SEZ. Ndipo tsopano ndikuwuzani za malo awo. Zoni wapadera zachuma zikuphatikizapo m'dera la Russia mu Karachay-Cherkessia, Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan. Kwa inunso aku dera Kaliningrad. Kuti kumene analengedwa monga Crimea chilumba.

mfundo zofunika

M'dera lino, ndi terminology wokongola zosokoneza. Mulole izo kukhazikika pang'ono. Ndithudi munamva mawu monga:

• zone wapadera chuma;
• ufulu m'dera chuma;
• zone ya malonda ufulu ;
• Special Zone Economic.

Kodi adzaone zomwe iwo zonsezi zitanthauzanji? Zovuta palibe. Zonsezi pamwambapa - maina osiyana mliriwu. Zosiyana pangakhale koma woyendera nthambi malonda kwaulere. Izi akuti kumafunanso m'dera free, koma laling'ono kwambiri. Childs, ufulu wochita malonda m'dera anatchula m'gawo monga mwathupi osiyana mu nyanja kapena mpweya madoko, kumene kulibe ntchito miyambo. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga - Udindo Free.

Zolinga ndi zikhalidwe kwa chilengedwe cha SEZ

Special zone chuma Russia - ndi dera lonse (zigawo, madera komanso mayiko), amene udindo malamulo. Pali wake, zofewa mavuto azachuma. Monga ulamuliro, iwo yopindulitsa kwambiri ndalama za m'banja kapena yachilendo. malamulo chilli kuchititsa ntchito zonse malonda SEZ, dzina nzika zake.

Kuti akonze zone wapadera chuma ayenera zinthu zina:

• chabwino Hrs malo akutali;
• kupezeka malo chitukuko;
• zomangamanga;
• kuphatikizidwa a anthu ogwira ntchito ndi luso lofunika;
• kuthekera chitukuko ubale interregional ndi mayiko;
• kuli zinthu zakale.

N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera mabacteria wapadera

Onse Russian wapadera zone zachuma cholinga kuthana ndi mavuto oonekera. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo amenewa kumathandiza onse kuti chitukuko cha dziko lonse ndi kupititsa patsogolo miyoyo ya regionah.S payekha gulu SEZ boma zochimwazo kumathetsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

• chilengedwe cha ambiri ntchito yatsopano anthu oyenerera okwanira;
• kukopa likulu mitundu dziko;
• opanga yolimbikitsa zoweta kuti aganyali luso kudula-m'mphepete, kupanga, ndi zomangamanga;
• posungira angathe aluntha dziko;
• chitukuko ndiponso thandizo la alimi zoweta.

Anthu nawo chitukuko cha zone wapadera chuma, komanso zili ndi ubwino wake:

• ntchito yopuma msonkho kuchepetsa boma komanso opaleshoni ndalama;
• kupulumutsa pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, rents ndi ndalama zina kuti akonze mankhwala mpikisano zambiri;
• angathe kukopa ogwira oyenerera;
• kuonjezera ndalama gawo lawo ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zawo.

Komanso, yomanga zomangamanga mu boma SEZ amathera zambiri ndalama zawo. Komanso amachepetsa katundu pa anthu.

ndicho SEZ chiyani?

Monga inu mukudziwa, wapadera zone onse chuma Russia (a mndandanda wa iwo aakulu) kwa chingathandize kukulitsa ndi kukhwimitsa kapena kufufuza madera atsopano ndi kasamalidwe makampani. boma Special analenga kwa amalonda ndi cholinga kuti angathe kanthawi kochepa kuti reconfigure malonda awo m'mikhalidwe watsopano. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga - Crimea. Ichi ndi gawo latsopano mwamtheradi, malonda lonse limene kale ndinazolowera malamulo a Ukraine. Tsopano amalonda ayenera nthawi ndi zolimbikitsa kwa reorient izo. Choncho, boma Sachita misonkho, kuchepetsa miyambo dongosolo Amasintha dongosolo inshuwalansi ndi zimatithandiza kulembetsa. Chinthu chomwecho chikuchitika m'madera ena.

ubwino

pali zinthu zabwino chuma kwa anthu SEZ. Mwachitsanzo, ngati:

• malonda maudindo - palibe ntchito pa zipangizo kunja yaiwisi kapena zida zosinthira, ngati n'zofunika kwa kupanga chomaliza mankhwala, osati akagulitse;
• zolimbikitsa ndalama ndi zokambirana m'munda wa misonkho - kuchepetsa mitengo ya msonkho kapena kusapezeka kwawo, kuchepetsa ulamuliro kuwombola yachilendo;
• zoletsa zazing'ono kapena kusowa wathunthu umwini wa chuma zipatso alendo;
• mfundo chosavuta kwa zida kuntchito, malipiro, chitetezo, ndi zina zotero;
• nyumba angakwanitse ndipo dziko - kuthekera kumanga malo ndi zipangizo kupanga pansi pa mgwirizano wa osachepera mitengo pangano;
• lomwenso ndi angakwanitse ntchito ndi zomangamanga - ang'onoang'ono kwa zofunikira, mpweya wotsika mtengo, madzi, magetsi, kukonza msewu, kupereka mayendedwe;
• kutsitsa mfundo za kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi chitetezo chilichonse;
• pamaso pa yambiri ntchito wotchipa, pakalibe zilumikizano za malonda ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito ena;
• mwayi lotseguka ku misika - onse mkati ndi kunja;
• yaitali kupanda msonkho;
• Pogwira njira miyambo mwachindunji pa malo kapena expedited zololera, ndi ena.

Mitundu ya mabacteria wapadera zachuma

Monga tanena kale, onse mabacteria ndi zinthu zapadera zachuma ogaŵikana mitundu amenewa:

• mafakitale kupanga - ndi lalikulu zovuta, lolunjika pa yopanga lalikulu zedi la kagulu kena ka mankhwala;
• ufulu wochita malonda mabacteria - m'madera musalekane pa ulamuliro wa miyambo utumiki; m'maderawa ikuchitika osati kugulitsa katundu komanso kusunga ake, kuyezetsa, ma CD, ndi zina zotero;
• alendo - m'madera ndi gawo osauka zokopa alendo, pamene pali zinthu wapadera kwa amalonda;
• utumiki - zina zimene anapanga inatha katundu kunja ndi ntchito ndalama ikuchitika pansi zinthu zapadera; tingachipeze powerenga chitsanzo - zikawonongeka;
• sayansi, luso, malonda - mafakitale m'mapaki, m'madera zinthu zapadera akutsatiridwa chitukuko ndi kafukufuku m'munda makamaka oyang'anira.

"Alabuga"

Tsopano tiyeni tione ena m'dera wapadera chuma Russia. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi SEZ "Alabuga". Izi zone mafakitale kupanga lili Republic of Tatarstan, pafupi ndi tauni ya Elabuga, makilomita 25 zokha kuchokera Naberezhnye Chelny.

Zapaderazi pano wakufayo ndithu:

• kupanga mabasi ndi mbali magalimoto;
• kupanga zida za magetsi banja;
• kupanga mankhwala;
• popanga mipando;
• himproizvodstvo zina zamakono;
• ndege yomanga.

Mderali anawerengedwa 42 wokhala ndi ntchito anthu oposa 4.5 zikwi. Area zone - makilomita lalikulu 20.

Kukhala yokhazikika ya zovuta kuti, muyenera:

• kulembetsa gulu lako pa malire a boma Yelabuga;
• lowani mgwirizano ndi utsogoleri wa SEZ, kulonjeza kuti zimathandiza kuti ndalama zawo ndalama kuchuluka kwa osachepera 1 miliyoni mumauro kwa chaka choyamba ndi ndalama okwana kwa nyengo yonse ya mgwirizano - osati mayuro osachepera 10 miliyoni.

Amalonda amene adzakhala mu zone zachuma "Alabuga" tizidalira zokonda ngati:

• ufulu miyambo zone imene zida achilendo akhoza adzaikidwa popanda malipiro a VAT ndi kasitomu;
• pakalibe ntchito katundu pa katundu wa malonda chopangidwa;
• wosamasula zonse ku ntchito ya msonkho zoyendera msonkho dziko ndi ndalama zina kwa bajeti ya Republic;
• mlingo msonkho mu zaka zisanu ndi 2 okha%, wachiwiri dongosolo zaka zisanu - 7%, ndiye kuti 2055 - 15,5%;
• dziko pa mtengo angakwanitse, mosavuta zofunikira, nimuponye kwa malire gawo magetsi, gasi, kutentha, zimbudzi;
• asandilembe msonkho katundu ndi zokonda zina.

SEZ "Dubna"

Izi luso chitukuko zone, unakhazikitsidwa mu 2005 pa maziko a RF boma Watsimikiza № 781.

SEZ "Dubna" dera ali ndi malo pafupifupi 200 maekala ndi lagawidwa m'magawo atatu:

• mapulogalamu mzinda;
• nanotechnology nsanja;
• chiwembu cha umisiri nyukiliya thupi.

Madera patsogolo pa SEZ awa:

• tehsistem kapangidwe zovuta;
• umisiri;
• zovuta mankhwala luso;
• luso zambiri;
• zipangizo gulu ;
• sayansi ya nyukiliya ndi nanotechnology.

Anthu a m'dera zimakhala IP ndi mabungwe malonda. The kuchotserapo yekha ndi mabizinezi unitary ndi Makampani yachilendo. Kukhala yokhazikika ya SEZ "Dubna", muyenera kulembetsa kampani m'dera la boma ndi kuona kugwirizana ndi maulamuliro ankachita zinthu malonda.

Anthu a zone wapadera zachuma komanso kudalira zinthu mwayi m'dera la misonkho ndi zina thandizo. Tax ubwino ingakhale monga iyi:

• palibe VAT pa katundu wa katundu kunja;
• ziro mlingo wa msonkho operekedwa bajeti boma 01.01.2018;
• 13.5% - msonkho sonyezani kuti bajeti kuderalo;
• 14% - malipiro kuchokera ikatha;
• 0% - mlingo wa msonkho dziko kwa zaka 5, chuma misonkho - kwa zaka 10, zoyendera msonkho - zaka 5.

Komanso, anthu kudalira zokonda zina:

• ŵakwenera lendi ya malo ndi dziko;
• ufulu kugwirizana kwa Intaneti zomangamanga ndi aya;
• expedited processing zikalata kwa ziwembu dziko;
• ufulu miyambo m'dera;
• mkulu-liwiro deta kufala dongosolo.

Komanso, anthu amapatsidwa ufulu miyambo zone, mavuto ntchito inatha si sonyezani pa katundu ena ndi VAT pa katundu wa Russian.

"Altai Valley"

TRZ "Altai Valley" - alendo ndi malo bongo. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu February 2007, zochokera boma Watsimikiza nambala 67. The mwayi waukulu anapereka kwa zaka 49.

m'dera ili 12 Km from mzinda wa Gorno-Altaisk, Republic of Altai pakati. Pali anapereka ntchito yatsopano anthu za 2.5 zikwi. gawo mipata wapadera kwa anthu ake. Cooperation wamangidwa pa mfundo za mgwirizano pagulu-payekha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chilengedwe wa zomangamanga zofunika zimachokera ku bajeti, ndi chilengedwe cha maofesi alendo - gawo la chuma payekha.

The State kukutsimikizira kwambiri ubwino utsogoleri:

• sanali kulowelera mu kukhazikitsa ntchito ndalama;
• Cholinga anayendera mtundu;
• "Chimodzi zenera" mode;
• chilango cha pangano kwa ziwembu dzikolo ndi udindo malamulo malamulo.

Ndalama komanso tikudikira ndi Kuyamikira msonkho:

• 0% - msonkho katundu ndi kupeza dziko kwa zaka 5;
• kubwereka dziko - zosaposa 2% wa mtengo cadastral;
• kutsitsa mitengo ya msonkho galimoto;
• kuchepetsa msonkho kwa 15,5%.

"Nofeki Katun"

TRZ «nofeki Katun" - wina bongo ndi alendo m'deralo. Iwo ali m'dera lalikulu kwambiri alipo onse - mahekitala 3326. "Nofeki Katun" ali pabwino monga malo oyamba ndi ambiri lalikulu mapiri zachilengedwe ndipo kwambiri, anawagawa m'magulu awiri. The choyamba - chifukwa unyamata. Ndiye pali malo ski, okwera, kudenga, trackers, mnyamata ogona ndi zomangamanga ena kusinthidwa. The chachiwiri - alendo olemera. Pali zabwino ndi zodula mahotela ndi zogwiritsa ntchito zina.

zone ichi cha ndalama, Ndipotu, basi kuyambira chitukuko, koma kale nambala yaikulu ya ndalama akalola yopeza ndalama pa mawu wokongola. Ndipotu anthu pano nsembe zolimbikitsa ndi zokonda.

"Titaniyamu Valley"

SEZ "titaniyamu Valley", analengedwa mu dera Sverdlovsk, ndi wapadera kwambiri. Malangizo a ntchito za SEZ - makampani titaniyamu, ndi azidzipereka pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia. Apa madziwa phindu kwa makampani, lolunjika pa ulimi ndi processing wa mkulu-chatekinoloje dziko kalasi mankhwala. Boma patsogolo The amaonedwa pano titaniyamu processing ndi kupanga malonda ake, kupanga zida zomera zitsulo ndi zomangamanga, kupanga zipangizo yomanga.

"Ulyanovsk"

SEZ PT "Ulyanovsk" ndi lolunjika pa luso lopanga ndi kupanga chida. Apa, mu ulemu wa zinthu izi:

• zipangizo, zamagetsi kupanga;
• ndege;
• ndege yokonza;
• kupanga zida zamagetsi;
• popanga zipangizo gulu;
• Zina nthambi ya zomangamanga.

Pomaliza, Ndikufuna kunena za amalonda sanali wokhala malonda awo pa gawo la zone wapadera zachuma. Nthawi zambiri, iwo amathanso kuwerenga ya makonda zimene anthu, chifukwa zikhalidwe za ntchito yawo azilankhula ndi kasamalidwe SEZ.

Mwachitsanzo, mu zone zachuma monga dera Kaliningrad, msonkho adatchithisira ndalama zikugwira ntchito mwamtheradi makampani onse, kaya akhale a mtundu wa magulu bizinesi ndi mankhwala. N'chifukwa chake kutsegula kwa malonda ndi chidwi kwambiri mu SEZ. Kumene, pamene izo zifika zasungidwa.