Ndondomeko ufulu wochita malonda - ndi chiyani ichi? Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ndondomeko malonda kwaulere

Kuphunzira ena ziphunzitso m'munda wa malonda n'zotheka kudziwa zifukwa ntchito ya wina ndi mzake. Koma nkhani ofunika ndi kusankha States of anapatsidwa mtundu wa ndale wa malonda.

Kuchokera pa zinthu ongolankhula, ife kusankha lamulo protectionism ndi malonda kwaulere. Izi mitundu iwiri zikuluzikulu za malonda, womwe ndi zotsatirapo zabwino kwa chuma cha boma. Tiyeni akukhala pa aliyense wa iwo.

Tanthawuzo la "malonda ufulu"

Free malonda - izi ndi ndale, mu chimango cha zimene boma sayenera kanthu dera la malonda yachilendo. Zikomo umenewu khalidwe mu dziko ndi chitukuko cha malonda mchikakamizo cha okwanira ndi akumufuna. Palinso dzina lina la malonda kwaulere. Ndi malamulo a ufulu wochita malonda, zomwe mlingo kwambiri ayenera kukumana zofuna za boma lililonse, imbaenda kupambana buku pazipita kupanga aliyense zipani malonda.

Khama la protectionism

Komabe, amadziwika ndi mtundu wina wa mfundo malonda - protectionism. Pankhaniyi, msika dziko zimatetezedwa ku mpikisano zakunja tariffs ndipo sanali tariff njira lamulo.

Pakati pa mbali ya mfulu malonda ndi protectionism ndi mtsutso zonse za kuthekera kwa munthu kapena ena ndondomeko izi. Aliyense wa zipani kuchirikiza malo awo kuika patsogolo mfundo zina.

Free malonda: ubwino ndi kuipa

Mtundu wa mfundo zikutsimikizira kuti kusokonezedwa aliyense ndi boma anapanga kuuzana Interstate katundu ndi chuma zoipa.

Zokangana za malonda kwaulere - ndi ntchito ambiri ongolankhula nkhani yolembedwa, zochokera tikayerekezera zizindikiro za ndalama kupanga, chifukwa chimene zachuma kufika Kugawilidwa kwanthaka zomveka chuma ndi khalidwe la moyo. Yopanga luso ndi kapangidwe ka chuma m'mayiko onsewa ndi makhalidwe zawo kudziwa kusiyana ndalama kupanga mtundu wa mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi chuma, ndi iyi akutchedwa specialization mu gulu la ntchito m'bwalo lonse. Pali inu kuoneka zotsikirako mtengo ndi bwino chuma ndi katundu.

Ndi zinthu zonse izi zabwino malonda ufulu ubwino malonda ufulu sakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi. Monga anthu amakonda katundu zoweta analogues kunja kwa apamwamba khalidwe, anthu opanga Russian kuchepetsa kupanga ake ndi kuchotsedwa wotsatira antchito. Zimenezi kukhala ndi kuchepetsa ndalama msonkho kwa bajeti boma. Komanso pali kuthekera cha kuchuluka boma chomwa kupanga yachilendo ya katundu amene mitengo adzauka ndi ambiri iwo sadzatha kugula. Zotsatira zabwino za kukhazikitsa malonda kwaulere - N'zolimbikitsa opanga kusintha zinthu zawo pamene kuchepetsa ndalama. Zimenezi zidzapangitsa kuti mitengo kuchepetsa katundu itatha.

mfundo zina mokomera Mfundo ya malonda kwaulere

Palinso umboni wina phindu la malonda kwaulere. Awa ndi zifukwa:

- kuchuluka mpikisano ku msika zoweta ndi boma chifukwa kukopa kwa ogulitsa zakunja zomwe kwambiri zimasokoneza okhawo a alimi wamba;

- zolimbikitsa ntchito chuma alimi m'deralo, amene amalimbana nawo mpikisano lina kwa makasitomala;

- kuchuluka kusankha kwa makasitomala amene mwayi kuyerekeza mtengo ndipo amasokoneza achilendo ndi zoweta.

Zifukwa protectionism

Onetsetsani kuti asonyeze zotsatirazi chakudya chachikulu:

- mu zofuna za chitetezo cha dziko pali kufunika chodzidalira za chuma pa Boma udaika njira, kotero sikuloledwa chakudya ndi gwero kudalira States ena mwa kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ulimi zoweta kwa ogulitsa yachilendo;

- kufunika kusunga ntchito ndi kuchuluka anayamba;

- bwino kuchirikiza kufunika zoweta zopangidwa ndi opanga zoweta, osati anzawo yachilendo;

- kuonetsetsa bata zachuma kudzera osiyana chifukwa chiopsezo zosiyanasiyana kusinthasintha chuma chuma dziko ndi specialization yopapatiza ya chuma zoweta;

- kufunika kuteteza m'mafakitale latsopano la chuma Russian sangathe popanda thandizo la boma kupikisana ndi opanga ofanana yachilendo;

- polenga zinthu yabwino kwa kusintha kwa ena Boma likuvutika phindu, sipangakhalenso analandira kuyamika nyamuka mitengo ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito miyambo.

Mbiri ya kukwanilitsidwa kwa ufulu wochita malonda m'mayiko ena

Kodi ufulu wochita malonda, tingaganize chitsanzo cha kasamalidwe m'zaka 19 ku England. Pa nthawi imeneyo, malonda ufulu anawonetseredwa mu wosamasula chochokera ku ntchito miyambo yosiyanasiyana kunja kwa England ndipo zimagulitsidwa katundu kwa izo. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu nthawi iyi, chifukwa malonda udindo ufulu wa malonda ake, komanso katundu wotchipa kunja zosaphika ndi chakudya, England anatha bwinobwino zotsatira wabwino mu msika zoweta.

England mu 60s lapansi. m'ma 19 pa mfundo za phindu mwagwirizana anali anamaliza mapangano amgwirizano ndi Belgium, France, Italy, Sweden ndi Austria. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa Anglo-French pangano (1860). Koyamba, mgwirizano idzakhala yopindulitsa France, monga izo zinali Britain anathetsa ntchito zonse pa nsalu komanso ankamvetsa kupanga French, pamene France chabe chiwerengero cha tariff pa khala English, makina ndi ubweya. Komabe, katundu English, ngakhale kuti malipiro tsankho la amalipiritsa, ndalama mtengo kwambiri, choncho tikulephera msika mu France. Choncho, malamulo ufulu malonda amathandizidwa kupitiriza kukhala ndi udindo waukulu wa English mu msika lonse.

Zitsanzo za ntchito ufulu malamulo a za malonda mu Russia

mfundo ufulu wochita malonda lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zosiyana za chitukuko chuma Russia. Popanda kupita mwakuya zokwanira, ife titembenukira kwa zachuma chiphunzitso m'ma 20. Choncho, zaka 80 msika Russian anali yodziwika ndi kuchepekedwa za mwamtheradi katundu onse ogula. The mitengo otsika kwambiri, ndi gawo - kwambiri. 1992 chinali chiyembekezo chakuti ya boma chambiri malonda yachilendo, amene anali chofunika otaya mofulumira katundu achilendo pa msika zoweta. Trade chinayamba mwachangu, ndi stratum wa amalonda, lotchedwa "shuttles". Iwo makamaka ankaitanitsa ku China ndi Turkey wotchipa katundu amene amagulitsidwa mwachindunji m'misewu pafupi m'misika ndi masitolo.

The zikuchitika za chuma Russian

Today, gawo ili zadutsa, ndi wogula anali kusankha - kugula katundu domestically kapena kunja. A chitsanzo chapadera cha nkhani iyi msika mankhwala chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala Russian angapo ubwino monga mwachibadwa, kutsitsimuka ndi pakalibe zina zosiyanasiyana zoipa. Komabe, lili ndi mtengo penapake kuposa anzawo yachilendo. Ndipo izo zikuwoneka mankhwala pang'ono poipa kunja.