Olga Konstantinovna Chehova, nee Knipper: yonena ndi filmography wa Ammayi ndi

Kodi ambiri ndikudziwa yemwe uyu Olga Konstantinovna Chehova? TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) kakunena mwachidule za mkaziyo. Kodi tikudziwa bwanji iye? Olga Chekhov - mwana wasukulu lalikulu Stanislavsky ndi kanema nyenyezi. Iye alinso mkazi wa mphwake wa Anton Chekhov. Pa nthawi ina iye anali prima ballerina ya ulamuliro wa Hitler ndi ankakonda Adolf Hitler. Komano, amaona ndi Kremlin wothandizira. Iye - chinsinsi weniweni ndi nthano zaka mazana makumi awiri. Ndizachisoni kuti kwa nthawi yaitali dzina lake kuletsedwa ... Kodi moyo wa Olgi Konstantinovny Chehovoy? Banja, ana, yonena - zonse zakhala phunziro la taphunzira. Choncho tiyeni tiyambe.

Banja Russified Germany

Olga Konstantinovna Chehova (nee Knipper) - 1897 chaka cha kubadwa. Iye anabadwa mu Alexandropol ku Armenia. Iye dzina lake polemekeza azakhali anga, wotchuka Ammayi Olga Knipper. Monga iwowa anali mkazi wa wanzeru wolemba Anton Chekhov.

Makolo tsogolo nyenyezi anali Russified Germany. Choncho, makolo awo amakhala Saarbrücken ku Germany.

Bambo anga anali katswiri. Ndipo pamene iye ankachita nawo kumanga ya sitima ya Russian Ufumu.

Pamene Ola wamng'ono anali usinkhu wa zaka ziwiri, Knipper banja anasamukira ku Tsarskoye Selo.

Malinga ndi Maulendo a Ammayi, ndiko kumene nthawi zambiri ankaimba ndi mbewu yachifumu.

mphunzitsi Stanislavsky

Mu Tsarskoye Selo anali kukonda Olga Erich Hollerbach. M'masiku amenewo anali wotchuka luso wotsutsa. Komabe, izi nkhani chikondi sanalandire kupitiriza iliyonse. chakuti mu 1910 Knipper banja kamodzinso anasamukira ku mzinda wina. Tsopano - nthawi ino Petersburg.

Kusukulu, Olga anaphunzira moperewera ndithu. Iye analandira malikisi apamwamba makamaka pa nkhani zokhudza luso. N'chifukwa chake mu 1914, makolo anaganiza kuti am'patse kwa Moscow kuti bwino amaphunzira nkhaniyi. Mu Pervoprestolnoj ankakhala ndi azakhali ake, mkazi wamasiye Antona Chehova.

Choncho, iye anayamba kupezeka makalasi volnoslushatelnitsey situdiyo ed pa Moscow Art Theatre. A mphunzitsi woyamba anali ndi luso K. Stanislavsky.

banja loyamba

Sukuluyi, Olga anatha mwamsanga atengere. Ndi bwino wakhala nawo zinthu zambiri lofunika la mphunzitsi wake, imene anali "Alongo zitatu" ndi "The Cherry zipatso."

Patapita kanthawi iye anafika ndi udindo wa Ophelia mu "Hamlet". Ndipo mbali yaikulu ankaimba ndi Mikhail Chekhov, amene anali mwana wa mchimwene wa wolemba mbiri.

Iwo apanga chibwenzi kamvuluvulu. Ngakhale alonga kuti chikondi cha Olga ndi Michael msuweni Ivan. Koma Ammayi ndi waganiza yomweyo kutsirizitsa ubale, ndipo mu September 1914 Olga ndi Michael tinakwatirana mobisa. Iwo amanena kuti dzina latsopano ndi kuposa amanyadira. Ngakhale kupyola mu zaka sanam'zindikire anasintha.

Mikhail Chekhov anadzakhala wotsogolera kwambiri ndi mphunzitsi. Mu United States, analenga sewero kusukulu. ophunzira ake m'gulu Marlon Brando, Dzheyms Din, Yul Brynner, Pol Nyuman, Marilyn Monroe ndi anthu otchuka ambiri zina.

Kutulukira ndi Mihailom Chehovym

Pamene banjali tinakwatirana, Olga anali khumi okha. Mikhail akulu mkazi kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mu 1916, banjali anaonekera, ndipo woyamba - wamkazi Olga.

Ammayi wakhala kupitiriza kuchita mafilimu chete. Mwachitsanzo, iye anatenga gawo mu filimu "Cagliostro".

Koma kuno ndi banja yokha pakati Mikhail ndi Olga, mwatsoka, iwo anali kukhala koposa wolephera. Iwo samazimvetsa pamodzi, ndi kumapeto kwa 1917 anaganiza zochoka.

Koma Olge Konstantinovne Chehovoy, ndi chithunzi chimene inu ndi mwayi onani nkhani yakuti, anali okhoza kupulumutsa osati dzina mokweza, komanso ubwenzi wabwino ndi mkazi woyamba. Saona zakale ndipo anaganiza kuti asiye Mnyozo wawo ukhale. Mwachidule, iwo kwenikweni mungakonde kukhala kokha chifukwa ichi.

Komanso, Michael Chekhov kwambiri Ufumuyo mwana wake wamkazi. Patapita zaka, iye anapatsidwa cholowa kuchokera kwa atate wake - ndi munda pafupi ndi mzinda US wa San Francisco.

Ulendo kwa Europe

Pakali pano, pambuyo zochitika za October 1917, Olga ndi moyo wofewa inasanduka gehena moyo. Kudyetsa mwana wake, iye anakakamizika kugulitsa memorabilia wake ndi katundu. Ndipo iye anali ndi njala.

Kumayambiriro 1921 iye analandira chilolezo kwa akuluakulu a ku ulendo zisanu ndi sabata kunja. Cholinga cha ulendo - thanzi Kusintha. Choncho, iye anaganiza zopita ku Germany. Iye anali 23.

Kumeneko iye kamodzinso kukonza moyo wake. Anakhala mkazi wa munthu wina Friedrich Yaroshi. N'zoona kuti ukwati sunakhalitse kwambiri. Pambuyo pa chilekano, anaganiza anadzipereka kwathunthu kwa luso.

Bakuman makampani German filimu

Pamene iye anali 24, iye debuted mu mafilimu a kanema ku Germany. Tikuyankhula zokhudza filimu chete "The Castle Fogeled". The kuyamba zinachitika mu April 1921 ndipo anali bwino yaikulu. Kuyambira pamenepo, anayamba kumachita zonse mu zisanu ndi chimodzi - Zojambula eyiti pa chaka.

Mu 1922 anatenga gawo mu kuwombera filimu "Round Dance Imfa". Mufilimuyi filimuyo okweza. Mwachidule, Olga anazindikira amaonetsa German ndi Opanga filimuyi, akufuna kuona pa zenera monga Nthawi zambiri.

Patapita kanthawi, Olga Konstantinovna Chehova, mafilimu amene anapezeka nawo awo oyamikira omvera, anali kumbuyo pa akonzedwa, koma tsopano zinthu monga wotsogolera. Kalanga, filimu ake "Pagoda" Sichinatsitsidwe wabweza bwino kwambiri. Pa nthawiyi, Olga walandira nzika German ndipo, ndithudi, silikuonekanso wobwerera ku Soviet Union.

Anathamangitsa sizinatheke. Kotero, iye zinasaina pangano ndi ochitira masewero Berlin. Patapita miyezi ingapo, m'chaka mochedwa 1924 woyamba, anasamukira mayi, mlongo wanga ndi mwana wamkazi.

Mu 1927, Olga anaonekera mu filimu "Kutentha malire." Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, tepi iyi kwambiri tsogolo la Mfumu Adolf Hitler. Kenako, nthawi zonse anamuyamikira za ntchito imeneyi.

Komabe, ulemerero woona wa Ammayi anabweretsa kupenta "Moulin Rouge", anajambula ndi wotsogolera British.

Ndiye Olga anakwanitsa ntchito ndi pa tepi wailesi, imene inkatchedwa "atatu ochokera mpweya." cipangizo ici kukhala tingachipeze powerenga za mafilimu a kanema dziko.

Ndipo pambuyo filimu imeneyi Olga Konstantinovna Chehova anapita ku America. "Mariya" Hitchcock yekha anam'pempha kuti nyenyezi mu filimu wake. Kukhalabe mu United States ndi kupanga ntchito ya Hollywood Ammayi - zinali namuyesa kupereka. Koma anaganiza amapita ku Germany. The Germany mpake athe kuwunika kuchita izi.

Ankadziwa Mtsogoleri wa

Pofika kumayambiriro 30 Olga Chekhova-Knipper, zithunzi zomwe anayikidwa m'nkhani anali kale ndi nyenyezi yeniyeni ya mafilimu a kanema German. Ndipo mu 1933 anadza kwa mphamvu ndi Anazi. Chifukwa cha ichi, kunja kwa dziko yomweyo anasiya ambiri oyang'anira, olemba, zisudzo. Koma Olga anakhalabe. Iwo yokhala anapereka kwa Mtsogoleri, Goebbels ndi Himmler. Hitler otchedwa Ammayi lake lapamtima ndipo amapatsa ndi Kuthokoza. Iye ankalimbikitsa iye munjira ina iliyonse. Malinga ndi Maulendo a Chekhov, Hitler anali wamanyazi kwambiri ndi zovuta munthu. Komabe, iye nthawi zonse ankachita zinthu ndi akazi ndi amiability Austria. Komabe, iye sanaone kuti chinachake "ziwanda" ndi zochititsa chidwi.

Kenako SUNGANI mobwerezabwereza kuti kupezeka pa phwando boma pa Nazi. Anakumana ndi Mussolini. Iye anali pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi banja, Goering. Nayenso anakumana ndi Eva Braun, amene ankaona mbuye wa Mfumu. Mwa njira, akazi oposa abwenzi nayamba kulankhula pafupipafupi.

Ammayi National

Ndi TH 1936 Chekhov nazo zochuluka za umafuna zisudzowo osiyana. Iye analidi bwino kwabasi. Mwina chifukwa chake Mfumu waganiza angayike Olga mutu wa "chikhalidwe cha Ammayi III Ulamuliro wa Nazi."

Mu chaka chomwecho iye anachita chinkhoswe ndi miliyoneya Marcel phwiti ku Belgium. Komabe, ukwati kakusintha ndi fiasco. Banjalo unasweka mu 1938.

Mu 1937, Moscow Art Theatre gululo anayenda maulendo ku France. Mkazi wamasiye wa Anton Chekhov nawo ulendowu. akuluakulu Soviet anapereka mwayi anaitana likulu German kuona mphwanga amakonda. Achibale sanali kulankhula kwa zaka makumi awiri. Chifukwa, Olga Chekhov ankachitika azakhali ake anzeru phwando. Koma Olga Leonardovna anali mu mkhalidwe mantha. Mphwanga anaganiza aipereke kwa atsogoleri Nazi. Goering chanza zokondwa ndi azakhali anamwetulira. The Mtsogoleri anali sangapezeke mwa kuchotsa izi. Koma iye anamuitana ndipo anapepesa kwambiri kuti iye sakanakhoza kubwera chifukwa cha zochitika mwamsanga boma ...

Mu yophukira oyambirira mu 1940, pamene Nkhondo ya Britain, Ammayi anafika pa Luftwaffe m'munsi mu Normandy. oyendetsa anaganiza kukachititsa perete polemekeza Ammayi wokondedwa. mwezi A ku likulu French anatuluka m'magazini yotsatira ya munthu mabuku ambiri yapamwamba kumene, patsamba loyamba chithunzi wokometsedwera SUNGANI wazunguliridwa ndi asilikali German.

Komanso, asilikali anapempha ake monga mlendo ku midzi ya asilikali a Lille ndi Brussels. Nayenso analemba nyimbo za ovulala ku chipatala cha Tübingen.

Kumapeto kwa 1940, Chekhov anali ndi phukusi kwa Mfumu. Panali chithunzi cha Hitler lolembedwa ndi. mtsogoleri German kamodzinso anamusilira luntha lake.

kum'mawa kutsogolo

Pamene Nazi Germany anaganiza kuukira USSR, Goebbels anafunsa Czechs, kodi chiyembekezo mwa asilikali Nazi analanda Moscow. The Ammayi sanazengereze, iye ananena izo, nthawi zambiri, iwo sadzapambana. Komabe ananenanso kuti mwina iye anali kulakwitsa.

Pakali pano, gulu lankhondo la Nazi wotanganidwa ndi Crimea. A Yalta anali r Mukhoza. N. "Belaya Dacha", kumene nthawi imodzi yomwe wolemba Anton Chekhov. Iwo amanena kuti nyumba iyi silinawonongedwe ndipo choyipa chifukwa Ammayi ndi mwapadera anafunsa atsogoleri Nazi kupulumutsa nyumba ino.

nkhondo anapitiriza. Olga Konstantinovna Chehova, yonena zomwe sizinali zophweka kwambiri, anaganiza kusiya zisudzo pa East Front. Ndipo pamene izo zinali mu wailesi, iye anachita nyimbo dziko lawo, koma mawu. Iye ndinapitiriza wokaona. Zinali ku Prague, Munich, Vienna.

Malinga ndi magwero zosatsimikiza, Union potsimikizira-nzeru ati kukopa Ammayi mu kuphedwa kwa Mfumu. Zifukwa bwinobwino, mtsogoleri chikominisi Iosif Stalin panokha quashed dongosolo.

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Olga K. Olga Knipper zambiri ankagwira ntchito nzeru Soviet. Choncho, Sergo Beria mu masamba a m'buku lake analemba kuti Chekhov anali wothandizila Soviet. Koma umboni zopelekedwa silinakwaniritsidwe anapereka.

Mwina zonse monga choncho. Mulimonsemo, pali zambiri kuti m'chiyambi cha 1945, Himmler ankati kumufufuza Chekhov. Pamene anthu ake adadza kwa Ammayi, anaona kuti anali zabwino kumwa tiyi ndi Mtsogoleri yekha. Choncho, kumangidwa sizinachitike.

Ndipo kumapeto April, zinali kumenyana likulu German ...

amangidwe primo

Pamene nkhondoyo inatha mu zoopsa chifukwa Chekhov anadza kwa asilikali Soviet. Iwo adapeza kuti iye anali ndani, ndipo anamangidwa. Poyamba Adafunsidwira mu Berlin ndiyeno ndege asilikali anatumiza ku likulu la Soviet Union. Pali ankakhala nyumba ya zipinda ziwiri. Iye analetsa kuona achibale awo. Mu mawu, anali adakali m'ndende.

Anapita akapitawo Soviet. Iwo anabweretsa bukulo kwa iye, ankaimba naye Chess. Iwo ankalankhula za music, za mafilimu, zisudzo ndi mabuku. Ndiyeno anayamba miyezi itatu ndi mafunso. Ammayi The asamabisanso chilichonse. Pambuyo pake, kumapeto July 1945, Chekhov anaukitsidwa Berlin. mnzangayo ake ulamuliro wa Nazi, anawomberedwa ndi kumangidwa. N'chifukwa - funso ili Zatsala osayankhidwa ...

nthawi unawonongedwa

Pamene Olga K. Olga Knipper anabwerera ku Berlin, lili pafupifupi palibe njira ang'onoang'ono. Tsopano anapatsidwa ndalama pafupifupi kulibe. Mu zikhalidwe yovuta wathandiza kutchuka kwake monga zisudzo. Iye ananena kuti anthu ambiri adafunsa zithunzi ake pa kukumbukira. Pakuti ichi iye analandira chakudya ndi ndudu.

Ndipo mu November 1945, nyuzipepala Berlin amatchedwa "Kurier", umene lofalitsidwa ndi akuluakulu a asilikali French, inanena kuti Chekhov anali kupereka mphoto apamwamba - dongosolo la Russia. Ndipo iye anali kupereka wa Stalin yekha. Uthenga uwu wakhala chitidwe mu mabuku ambiri odziwika bwino.

Patatha zaka zinayi, Chekhov zopita ku Germany West. Komanso, palibe wotsutsana pempholi. Kumeneko iye anali kupeza situdiyo wake. Mwatsoka, ntchito imeneyi sanali kwathunthu akuyendera chifukwa kampani zinatha.

Ndiye Chekhov zobwerera ku siteji. Komanso, iye anayamba kuchita zinthu mafilimu. Komanso kamodzinso anaganiza kutalikitsa osiyanasiyana zochitika zawo.

Iye anagulitsa Zosayiwalika iye zodzikongoletsera kutsegula kampani latsopano. Iye analenga kukongola okonzera amatchedwa "Zodzoladzola Olga Chekhov Gesellschaft". Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mu nkhani iyi, izo wathandiza dipuloma wokongoletsa. Mu 1937 iye anakhala katswiri wokonza. Diploma kulandiridwa mu Paris. Mwa njira, kampani SUNGANI wakhala mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ku Ulaya. Pa nthawi yomweyo padali nthambi ya kampani ake ... Kotero, m'modzi wa salons ku Milan.

Cha m'ma 50s Ammayi iye anatenga cholembera. Buku lake la Maulendo amatchedwa "Ine sindikufuna gloss pa!". mankhwala anali wotchuka kwambiri.

litalowa

Ndiyamika ndalama kampani Chekhov Ndipotu, anakhoza kukhala ndi malo abwino ukalamba

Mu 1962, iye anali kupereka mphoto "Kwa zaka zambiri chopereka kwambiri kuti mafilimu a kanema German."

Patapita zaka ziwiri, iye ankafuna kuti abwere ku Soviet Union, kulankhula, potsiriza, ndi achibale awo. Koma akuluakulu anakana ake.

Mu chaka chomwecho iye anaswa ndi ntchito yake ed. Iye anali makumi asanu ndi aŵiri. Ndipo kuchokera filimu iye anasiya zaka khumi zapitazo. Mwa njira, kanema ake penultimate amatchedwa "talente kukhala wosangalala." Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, Ammayi unachita kwambiri okha.

Mu 1972, akuluakulu a German kuti kupereka iye Cross "Pakuti Inagwira".

Ndipo basi mpaka kukalamba adakonda kukwera kumbuyo gudumu. Ngakhale dalaivala wanu iye anali. galimoto lake lapamtima anali BMW.

Imfa ya Ammayi

Iye anamwalira mu 1980. Madokotala anandipeza ndi khansa ya mu ubongo. Iye anafa pa zaka 83. Great Ammayi anaikidwa pa manda ku Munich.

Mu 1997, mu boma Berlin Spandau polemekeza Chekhov ngakhale dzina msewu.

Olga Konstantinovna Chehova (zaka za moyo: 1897 - 1980) ndipo anapulumuka imfa ya mwana wake wamkazi. Iye inaonongeka pa ngozi ndege zaka makumi asanu.

Chidzukulu SUNGANI anakhalanso zisudzo.

Ndipo otsiriza. Mmodzi wa zojambula ndi Olgi Chehovoy amatchedwa "Munthu amene ankafuna moyo kawiri." Zikuoneka kuti iye ndi Ine anatha kupulumuka malo awiri, miyoyo iwiri. Mmodzi ankakhala Germany, ndi zina - mu Russian ...