Monopolization ya misika - ndi chiyani ichi? Concept, mawonekedwe zofunika zotsatira za monopolization

Masiku ano akhoza kudabwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mitundu mazana angapo a tchizi ndi chakumwa chamandimu, nambala yaikulu zopangidwa zovala ndi zipangizo. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri awaphunzitsa kuli sewerolo chimodzi chokha mu makampani. Monopolization a msika - vuto kumene katundu wina mtundu wa katundu kapena ntchito limapezeka kampani imodzi yokha kapena munthu. Pankhaniyi, ogula sangachitire mwina, anakakamizika amavomereza kuti mtengo akonzedwa. Monopolization a msika - izo ndi ndondomeko imene kampani amatha kulera mitengo ndi kuthetsa mpikisano awo. Ndipo makampani izi si chachikulu, izo zonse zimadalira kukula kwa makampani imene ntchito.

maganizo

Chuma kuzindikira mitundu inayi ya nyumba yabwino msika:

• Wangwiro mpikisano. Imeneyi, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala wogwirizira, ndi kulowa mu msika alibe malire. Ndi onse "zosaoneka dzanja."
• Monopolistic mpikisano. makampani ukugwira ntchito ndi zambiri opanga yotulutsa mankhwala wogwirizira. Komabe, kampani kusunga ulamuliro pa mitengo. Izo zimatengera pa kaperekedwe ka monopolization a msika.
• Oligopoly. Imeneyi, pali makampani akuluakulu yotulutsa mankhwala ofanana. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi njira wamba, atakhala mitengo mu makampani.
• Okhawo. Izi dongosolo msika amapereka katundu limodzi lokha la mankhwala, amene ali ulamuliro wathunthu pa mafakitale.

Features okhawo

nzeru ochiritsira ali kuti mpikisano wangwiro - ndi pafupifupi limathetseratu vuto lina lililonse, kukondera pakati pa zofuna za wogulitsa ndi kugula. Ambiri zitsanzo zachuma kutenga dongosolo lino monga maziko. Koma chifukwa, mu nkhani iyi pali monopolization wa m'misika? Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti imeneyi n'kopindulitsa kwambiri Mlengi. Choyamba, okhawo maximizes phindu. Chachiwiri, Mlengi amapereka mtengo wa mankhwala ake kupyolera tanthauzo la linanena bungwe. Chachitatu, mu zikhalidwe za okhawo, pali zopinga zambiri kulowa mu makampani. Only Mlengi akhoza kukhala na mantha ya kuwonjezeka mofulumira mpikisano.

mawonekedwe

Pamene pali monopolization a msika, mpikisano mu dongosolo chifukwa ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri kuti kudziwa mtundu wake. Okwana pali atatu a mtundu okhawo :

• Natural. Kumachitika chifukwa zifukwa cholinga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amafuna mankhwala bwino wokhutitsidwa ndi kampani imodzi. chifukwa mwina makamaka kupanga ndondomeko kapena makasitomala. Mwachitsanzo, mafakitale amenewa akuphatikizapo magetsi, madzi, kayendedwe njanji.
• Administrative. mawonekedwe okhawo analengedwa ndi nawo dziko. Ndi kupyolera mu matupi awo amapereka kampani ina yoyenera yekha ntchito mu makampani. Chuma Union kwambiri m'manja. Ambiri mwa makampani m'manja mwa mabungwe ndi mautumiki.
• okhawo Economic - ndi yofala kwambiri. chikuoneka chikugwirizana ndi kanthu yekha mwa makampani. A okhawo malo msika kungachititse kuti onse kupita patsogolo ndi centralization mofulumira likulu kudzera kugula ndi mayanjano kwawo.

Terms of monopolization a msika

nyumba atasinkhasinkha akhoza anamulenga mndandanda wa kugula ndi ena makampani ena anapanga mwachibadwa m'mafakitale ena. Angalenge iwo ndi boma. Monopolization a msika - ndi ndondomeko imene pakati - zifukwa zitatu:

• Wobala gulu limodzi ndi mtengo kuposa angapo. Pankhaniyi tikhoza kulankhula kwa okhawo achilengedwe.
• Kampani ina ndi mwini chuma ndi osowa kwambiri kapena umisiri. Mwachitsanzo, kampani Xerox nthawi mu ulamuliro wathunthu wa ndondomeko ya makope. Chidziwitso cha ndondomekoyi ndiotetezedwa ndi eni luso. Ichi ndi okhawo zachuma.
• Kupereka boma yeniyeni ogwira ntchito yoyenera yekha kugulitsa katundu wina. Pankhaniyi, otchedwa utsogoleri okhawo. Ena akuti yekha fomu iyi ndi chololedwa pa lamulo.

Magwero a mphamvu okhawo

Mu zikhalidwe za mpikisano wangwiro, mtengo ndi wofanana ndi chiyerekezo cha mtengo mmphepete mwa Makampani kugwira ntchito mu gawo lino. Mu okhawo izo ndi apamwamba. Choncho, dongosolo lino msika ndipo zikuoneka osafunika ogula. Chief wothandizira okhawo ali zimalepheretsa kulowa mu makampani. Izi kupewa mpikisano. Pakati pawo:

• zopinga Economic.
• Malamulo malamulo.
• zochita mwadala.

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo chiwerengero chachikulu cha miyeso kutipanikiza. Zikuphatikizapo chuma lonse. kuphangira kukula zimawathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama, kampani ochiritsira sitingapeze kupikisana nawo mtengo mankhwala. Choncho, ntchito zawo sangakhale mogwira mtima chifukwa mtengo wa katundu chopangidwa ndi iwo ali wamkulu kwambiri.

choletsa china zachuma - chofunikira kwa ndalama. Ngati mukufuna kuyamba kubala zipangizo zodula kapena zapamwamba, nayonso kuteteza zikamera wa mpikisano. Okhawo mwina muli ndi mwayi sayansi kapena kutumikira mwini chuma zachilengedwe koyenera kuti amasulidwe katundu.

Pankhani zopinga malamulo, gulu zikuphatikizapo nzeru katundu ufulu, kuphatikizapo eni luso. Iwo amupatsa okhawo lamanja yekha mankhwala kapena kumasulidwa luso lake.

Gulu lachitatu zikuphatikizapo osiyanasiyana zoletsa zochita dala anatengedwa ndi okhawo ndi cholinga kuteteza chitukuko cha mpikisano mu makampani. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza modutsa zofuna m'boma la mothandizidwa ndi zochita zosiyanasiyana achinyengo.

okhawo zachilengedwe

fomu iyi akufotokozedwa dongosolo msika nthawi zambiri ankachitira payokha. Ichi ndi chifukwa mtsutso pa phindu lake kwa okhawo, komanso chifukwa ogula. Kumachitika pamene pali phindu lalikulu la chuma lonse. Natural okhawo zili kumene kampani umodzi amapereka msika ndi katundu pa mtengo wotsikirapo kuposa amene adzipangira mabizinezi angapo. A chitsanzo chapadera - madzi ndi magetsi. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti kuphangira zachilengedwe ndi chabwinobwino kwathunthu. Choncho, ayenera kulamulira dziko.

Mu ntchito padziko lonse

Chuma cha padziko lonse ochuluka kufooketsedwa ndi kudalirana ndi internationalization. njira awiriwa ali ndi udindo zomwe zimachitika monopolization misonkhano msika ndi ntchito pa mlingo lonse. Pali mitundu iwiri ya nyumba:

• Transnational kuphangira. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, monga nkhawa chakudya "Nestle" ndi mafuta "Standard Mafuta a New Jersey." Onse makampani izi likulu limene anthu akhala awalandira, ndi dera lonse za ntchito zake. Ambiri mwa mphamvu zawo kupanga palibe m'dziko kunyumba.
• kuphangira International. Woterewu akhoza zimachitika kukhulupirira "Agfa-Gefert", umene ukugwira kupanga mankhwala photochemical. Mtundu wa okhawo ndi mayiko onse mu dera la ntchito zake, ndipo chilungamo cha padera.

zenizeni zoweta

The monopolization a msika Russian ali mizu zakale. Mu USSR, boma pafupifupi kwathunthu ankalamulira chuma. Chifukwa cha kutha kupanga mu Russia wakhala pang'onopang'ono kuchepekela kufunika kwa zinthu za mafakitale - kuphangira achilengedwe, koma kugwirizana. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti nyamuka mofulumira mitengo iwo. Popeza kuti deta makampani ndi tsinde pamenepo inayambitsa kufufuma. Ena chuma kuona zotsatira zoipa monopolization msika monga chinthu chachikulu mavuto mu Russia.