Zolembalemba kusanthula ode "Felitsa". Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin ode "Felitsa"

Mbiri ya ode "Felitsa" ndi chidwi chifukwa Gabriel Derzhavin mu chikhumbo chofuna kukondweretsa Mfumukazi anali zochokera ntchito yake ntchito yake, lofalitsidwa atatsala pang'ono kufalitsa yaing'ono. Mwachibadwa, kwambiri luso ndakatulo nkhani adayamba kusewera mitundu wolemera kwambiri, powonjezera, ndi kupanga mbiri ya ndakatulo Russian kalembedwe latsopano ndi ndakatulo otchuka.

kusanthula odes

"Felitsa" yatenganso subtitle kuti limamveketsa cholinga lolembapo chidutswa. Amanena kuitana kwa Wanzeru Mfumukazi Chitata fuko lomveka n'kukakhala ku Moscow, koma malonda ku St. Petersburg. Komanso chichtatelya mystify chakuti ode ankati linamasuliridwa kuchokera Arabic. Analysis ode "Felitsa" kuyamba ndi dzina kuti sizikumveka mbadwa Russian kapena Aluya.

Popeza kuti chinatchedwa choncho heroine ake, Catherine II nthano wake wa mkulu wa chlorine. Kutumikira monga maziko chinenero Italiya (pano tizikumbukira munthu ngati Cutugno, kufuula "Felicita") anamasuliridwa Latin mawu "Felitsa" (Felitsa - felicitas) monga chimwemwe. Choncho Derzhavin adayamba kukweza Mfumukazi ku mzere woyamba, ndiye sakanakhoza kukana pa Zotengera mu mafotokozedwe a dera.

kaphatikizidwe luso

Analysis ode "Felitsa 'akusonyeza unsembe pa wamba anavomera pa nthawi wapadera ode zotamanda tsiku. Olembedwa mwambo strofikoy ode - desyatistishiyami, ndipo, ngati mmene anali kuyembekezera, iambic tetrameter. Koma pamaso Derzhavin palibe koma amadzinenera kuphatikiza zosiyana awiri mu kutsata polemba chinenero chimenechi - ndi ode otchuka zotamanda ndi mwamphamvu Zotengera ndale.

Woyamba anali ode kuti "Felitsa". Derzhavin ngati "analowa kumbuyo" mu luso ake, malinga ndi kukwaniritsidwa chenicheni cha zikhalidwe za mtundu wanyimbo ndi osachepera poyerekeza ndi "ndakatulo za kubadwa" chimene ngakhale strofikoy sanasiyane. Komabe, kuganiza izi Mwamsanga mwamsanga pamene owerenga chililaka woyamba mawu ochepa. Komabe ngakhale ode zikuchokera "Felitsa" dongosolo zambiri onse luso kaphatikizidwe.

Nthano "Felitsa"

N'zochititsa chidwi kuona zolinga chinachititsa kuti Derzhavin kulemba izi "zimakupiza zopeka", amene anali ngati mfundo wachibadidwe ndi woyenera ngati iyi inali kupitiriza mutuwo. Zikuoneka woyenera, ndipo kwambiri. Catherine Wachiwiri analemba nthano ake mdzukulu wake, koma malenky, koma m'tsogolo lalikulu Alexander I. Mu nkhani ya Mfumukazi tikulankhula za mkulu wa Kiev chlorine, amene anapita Chikigizi Khan, kufufuza ngati kalonga anatitu anzeru ndi wochenjera, monga iwo ndinene za iye.

Mnyamata anavomera kutenga mayeso ndi kupeza chosowa maluwa - duwa popanda minga - ndipo anagunda msewu. Panjira tavomera kuitana Murzas Lentyaga (kuti dzina), kalonga amayesetsa kupewa mayesero a mwanaalirenji ndi idleness, umene amanyenga Lentyag. Mwamwayi, Kirghiz Khan anali ndi mwana wamkazi zabwino kwambiri, dzina lake Felicia, ndipo ngakhale zabwino kwambiri mdzukulu wotchedwa Kulingalira. Felitsa anatumiza mwana wake kalonga, limene linatuluka ndi thandizo la Kuganiza kuti cholinga cha ulendo wake.

Bridge pakati nthano ndi ode

Zinali otsetsereka kwambiri a mapiri popanda njira ndi masitepe patsogolo pawo. Zikuoneka, kalonga ndi palokha anali ouma khosi kwambiri, chifukwa, ngakhale zedi ntchito ndi kuyezetsa, pamwamba, iye anakwera, kumene chokongoletsedwa moyo wake duwa popanda minga, kuti ndi khalidwe labwino. Analysis ode "Felitsa" akusonyeza kuti, monga nthano iliyonse Fairy, mafano ndi conventionally chongoyerekezera, koma Derzhavin mu odes oyambirira iwo kupeza mwakhama ndi machenjerero a malonje onse odic tingachipeze powerenga, zomwe ndithu chitunda kuti Parnassus ndi kucheza ndi Muses, zokha lotsatira ndi zithunzi zooneka ngati wodzichepetsa wa Fairy nkhani ana.

Ngakhale chithunzi cha Catherine (Felitsa) kuperekedwa m'njira zatsopano, zomwe ndi zofanana kwambiri odopis miyambo matamando. Kawirikawiri odes khalidwe wolemekezeka limapezeka mu zithunzi ochepa limaonetseratu za mulungu wamkazi, chionetsero cha wapadera amphamvu ndime rhyming ndi kufupika kwambiri chifukwa cha mpweya mungoli. Apa ndakatulo nsangala, ndipo - kwambiri Chofunika - zida ndi luso ndakatulo. Ndakatulo si limp osati zingakweze pathos kwambiri. ode dongosolo "Felitsa" ndi Catherine Zikuoneka kuti owerenga monga wanzeru koma yosavuta ntchito Kirghiz kaysatskaya wolemekezeka. Iyo imayimba chiyanjano cha yomanga chifanizo ndi Mosiyana - fano m'banja lachifumu, amwano ndi waulesi kuposa Derzhavin anasangalala onse pamodzi ode. Choncho sikunachitekepo zosiyanasiyana Mitundu, zosiyana ode "Felitsa".

Derzhavin ndi Mfumukazi

Angabweretse woimba nazonso kusintha poyerekezera ndi nkhani ya apadera, ngati ife musangoganizira onse mabuku yapita Russian ndipo ngakhale ndakatulo ya Derzhavin. Nthawi zina ode zambiri amazembera ena mfumukazi mulungu ngati, koma ndi izi zonse, ndi kupembedza chotheratu chimene timasonyeza ode "Felitsa" okhutira limasonyeza kulumikizidwa zina ndi maubale, osati ankadziwa, koma kutentha ndi pafupifupi zimakhalira pachibale.

Koma mu mizere ya satirical Derzhavin zina anazindikira ziwiri. Onse mbali fuko lomveka kunyoza chifanizo cha zonse pamzera Catherine olemekezeka, Ndipo apa kuti ndakatulo saiwala yekha. Avtoironiya - ngakhale yosowa kwambiri mfundo mu ndakatulo wa zaka. Copyright "Ine" si wopanda ndakatulo, koma momveka bwino kuti "Izi, Felicia, Ndine opotoka," "Lero kugonjetsa inu, koma ndine kapolo kwa zokhumba za mawa." Zikamera mu ode wa wolemba "Ine" - mfundo ya mtengo wapatali luso. Lomonosov ndinayamba ndi ode kwa "Ine", koma ali wokhulupirika, ndipo Derzhavin wolemba - yowona ndi moyo.

Nkhani ya wolemba

Kumene, zikuchokera odes "Felitsa" zonse ndi kuti sikungakuthandizeni umunthu mlembi. Derzhavin zambiri Kupeleka pansi pa wolemba "Ine" fano makonzedwe imba, amene nthawi zambiri zopezeka mu odes komanso satires. Koma pali kusiyana: mu ode ndi wolemba ndakatulo ankaimba yekha chomukondweretsa wopatulika, ndi Zotengera chakukhosi yekha. "Odnostrunnye" Derzhavin Mitundu ophatikizana chilengedwe cha moyo munthu ndakatulo, ndi moyo mwamtheradi simenti, ndi zosiyanasiyana makhalidwe, ndi "polychord" nyimbo ya vesili.

Analysis ode "Felitsa" Ndithu m'pamene osati ngalala komanso mkwiyo, mwano ndi matamando botolo limodzi. M'kupita kwa nthawi dissemble, kuti amanyoza. Ie khalidwe mu ntchito monga n'kwachibadwa ndi munthu wamoyo. Ndipo tisaiwale kuti munthu aliyense payekha ali ndi makhalidwe wosatsutsika wakuti dziko. Mu ode ndi! Ndipo tsopano Zikatero adzakhala zachitika ngati wina lero kulemba ndakatulo odic.

About Mitundu

Ode "Felitsa", nkhani ya lamphamvu ku zotsutsana, monga dzuwa ofunda analimbikitsa kuwala kulankhula chitachitika zenizeni tsiku ndi tsiku, kuunika, zophweka, nthawi zina ankasewera amene ali mwachindunji zosemphana ndi malamulo polemba chinenero chimenechi. Komanso, apa panali chiwembu mtundu wanyimbo, pafupifupi kusintha.

M'pofunika kulongosola kuti classicism Russian sankadziwa ndakatulo monga "ndakatulo ya". Ndakatulo zonse anali mosamalitsa ogaŵikana Mitundu ndi mitundu, zikuchepa demarcated, ndi malire awa anali inviolable. Ode, Zotengera, elegy ndi zina zilandiridwenso ndakatulo sanathe wothira mzake.

Apa siyana chikhalidwe chakale kwathunthu wosweka pambuyo maphatikizidwe organic wa odes ndi satires. Izi akugwira ntchito osati "Felitsa" Derzhavin anachita pamaso ndipo kenako. Mwachitsanzo, ode "Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" - theka elegy. Mitundu ndi polyphonic ndi dzanja kuwala Derzhavin.

bwino

Muli bwino yaikulu ode izi atangotha buku: "Aliyense amadziwa kuwerenga mu Russian, iye anatsirizira mu manja" - mu mawu a chi. Choyamba Derzhavin osamala ambiri kufalitsa ndi ode, kuyesera kubisa analembedwa (mwina akuonetsedwa ndi olemekezeka kwambiri kuzindikira anali wobwezera), koma apa panali Mfumukazi Dashkova ndi mtundu "Felicia" mu "interlocutor" imene yokha Catherine II sankasala mgwirizano.

Mfumukazi ode kwambiri, iye analira ndi chisangalalo, analamula kuti yomweyo poyera kuti analembedwa ndi pamene izo zinachitika, anatumiza Derzhavin golide snuffbox ndi lolembedwa ndi ducats mazana asanu mu izo. Zinali ndiye kuti ndakatulo anabwera kutchuka weniweni.