Zofunikira chitsanzo - chitsanzo. Lachitsanzo zofunikira ndipo chidali chifuniro: kufanana ndi kusiyana. Yodalirika setifiketi kwa chitsanzo zofunikira

Ine ndikutsimikiza ambiri a inu munamva mawu akuti "zofunikira lachitsanzo". Tiyeni tiwone chimene ilo liri. A chitsanzo zothandiza akuti ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya ophunzira a munthu, anatulukirazo kapena Kutulukira ukadaulo iliyonse. Mpatuko kungakhale chilichonse Mwachitsanzo, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, zipangizo, mankhwala, njira, kapena njira, ntchito atsopano kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko kapena mankhwala odziwika kale. Tikumbukenso kuti zofunikira chitsanzo anafotokoza yekha kwa mafakitale zinthu katundu. Monga mukudziwa, m'nkhani ino tikambirana mmene zofunikira lachitsanzo Kutulukira, zofanana zawo ndi zosiyana, palinso limatchula zina zofunika za kudzazidwa chitsanzo kupeza setifiketi ndi zina zotero D..

Kuipa chitsanzo zofunikira

Lachitsanzo zofunikira ali zina zovuta. Mmodzi wa iwo - ichi ndi adzafupikitsidwa mawu a setifiketi, amene ali ndi zaka 10 zokha. Iwo angathe, koma pa moyo kwambiri zonyozeka, amene ali ndi zaka 3 yekha.

zosankha luso zokhudza chipangizo - izo basi kutetezedwa chitsanzo zofunikira. Chitsanzo cha njira zoterozo wapatsidwa pansipa. Ngati njira ya akuuzidwa kuti njira, mu njira imeneyo iwo sadzakhala chinthu chitsanzo zofunikira. Izi kusiyana wina ku kuyambitsa pano. Mankhwala musalekane pa tanthauzo la "chipangizo", komanso analibe ubale uliwonse chitsanzo zofunikira. Chimodzi mwa zinthu patentability - zachilendo. Ngati zofunikira chitsanzo si kukumana muyezo ichi, akhoza kukhala kwambiri. Development ayenera kukhala zachilendo, zomwe silinakwaniritsidwe ntchito. Komanso, chitsanzo ayenera angwiro, ndiye ntchito zina ayenera kukhala omangika, ndi kukumana ndi malamulo luso.

Kodi chimayambitsa kupanda setifiketi kutsimikiza

Koma drawback kwambiri ndi zofunikira chitsanzo setifiketi m'dziko lathu si zili zoletsedwa ndi zikhalidwe za patentability, womwe zinagwira ndi oletsedwa kupeza setifiketi chitetezo kapena nkhanza za ufulu setifiketi. Mwatsoka, Zikatero anawerengedwa ndi kukhala ndi malo mu msika wa dziko lathu. Komanso, tilibe mwayi m'tsogolo kusintha zochita zawo luso mpaka kufalitsa nkhani ngati kutsutsa zaphindu, mfundo, palibe.

Ubwino waukulu wa chitsanzo zofunikira

Mu dziko lathu lili kwa chitetezo malamulo a chitsanzo zofunikira, ndiye, mfundo ndi malamulo ndi enshrined mu malamulo. A chitsanzo zothandiza ndi zinthu chosaoneka ndi maso a ufulu aluntha ofanana chidali chifuniro cha. Kutulukira - njira luso, ndi mawu awa awiri nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi mzake. Tikumbukenso kuti zofunikira chitsanzo, monga kuyenera kuyambitsa pano alibe zinthu monga okhwima patentability. Komanso, ntchito chifukwa kupeza ufulu chitsanzo zofunikira, T. E. Maluso lafotokozedwa kwambiri chosavuta ndi mu nthawi yochepa.

Ubwino waukulu wa chitsanzo zofunikira n'chakuti, zinthu zina wofanana, ndi setifiketi kwa chitsanzo zofunikira ndi invulnerable, ndi chifukwa chakuti palibe lamulo pansi pa dzina la "sitepe katswiri". Ndipotu, mfundo "chitsanzo zofunikira" osachepera mwina zokhudza Kutulukira, koma ndi zinthu zosiyana kwathunthu. malamulo Russian ndi zonse kwa eni luso silidzathyoledwa yakuti Ndinapereka iwo kuyambitsa kapena zofunikira lachitsanzo kulemekeza zosankha zofanana. Kuwonjezera sanaloledwe kusintha Kutulukira setifiketi mu setifiketi kwa chitsanzo zofunikira, mu nkhani zovuta.

Sungani nthawi - ndi muyezo zofunika

Ubwino wina wa chitsanzo zofunikira - nthawi yochepa. Kulembetsa ndi setifiketi kwa chitsanzo zofunikira, wolemba adzayenera zosangalatsazo 6 miyezi, koma mu nkhani anatulukira, ndi ndondomeko lonse akhoza kutenga zaka imodzi ndi theka pa tsiku Kutengera mpaka nthawi ya kufalitsa mwamsanga deta pa setifiketi chikalata wapadera - zolengeza. Chiopsezo kuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi nthawi ya ofesi kwambiri m'munsi.

Mu Russia, mchitidwe otchuka pa nthawi yomweyo ntchito kwa zitsanzo zofanana zofunikira ndi zoyambitsidwa. Dziwani kuti njira limapereka mwayi kugula setifiketi kutetezela mofulumira. M'tsogolo, kodi adzafuna Kupenda mmalo mwa setifiketi kwa chitsanzo zofunikira akhoza analandira setifiketi.
Zikusonyezanso: zofunikira chitsanzo zokhudzana ndi chipangizo, kutetezedwa mogwirizana ndi Article 1351 ya Civil Code la Chitaganya cha Russia. Ngati wolemba (mwini) pali nkhani zokhudza chitukuko, kufufuza mayankho a mafunso alipo angatanthauze nkhaniyi.

msonkhano patsogolo

Monga tanena zinthu zazikulu kwa patentability wa chitsanzo zofunikira ndi tanthauzo lake mafakitale ndi chitukuko cha zaluso, mwachitsanzo. E. "zachilendo." Lachitsanzo ayenera kukhala wapadera mwamtheradi ndi oyenera ntchito zina. Kagwiritsidwe chitsanzo, chitsanzo chomwe chili, ali kutsatira msonkhano patsogolo. Ndi yofanana ndi kutsogoza kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri, koma ali ndi kusiyana pang'ono. Mmodzi wa iwo - tsiku lomalizira kwa kugonjera ofunsira kuti Rospatent. Komanso, Kutulukira, mosiyana ndi chitsanzo zofunikira ayenera sitepe katswiri. Pakuti chitsanzo zofunikira, muyezo si chofunika.

chitetezo malamulo a zanyengo zofunikira adzakhala ntchito kwa zokhudza okha maonekedwe a mankhwala ndi cholinga zosowazo mawu a aesthetics. Choncho tiyeni n'cigwagwa chidule: zitsanzo zofunikira ndi zoyambitsidwa amaonedwa zotsatira za ntchito aluntha a munthu ndipo ndi luso kuthetsa mavuto. Kusiyana mfundo izi ndi munda malamulo okha. Kuti bwinobwino zimene zofunikira chitsanzo zina amapereka zitsanzo za iwo.

Zitsanzo za chitsanzo zofunikira

Choncho, zofunikira chitsanzo. Mwachitsanzo - mbandakucha kamangidwe, wokonzeka kutsegula kwa mowa. Izi chitsanzo zofunikira anali okhala mu Korea, ndipo ngakhale amachita kwenikweni sitepe katswiri, mankhwala atsopano ali woyenerera mafakitale ndi phindu, choncho, munthu amene ali mwini wake wa chikalata chitetezo, adzakhala kubwerera kwambiri. Mu dziko lathu, monga njira, angachititse makina ndi luso zipangizo, ndi mwayi waukulu umene uli odana ndi kuba Mbali. mndandanda angakhale monga zizindikiro kuba pothyola, zoyesera Rada ndi zipangizo zina, zomwe akhala akugwira osati mafakitale komanso anthu.

Zitsanzo zofunikira chitsanzo chiwembu ndi kufotokozera kwake

A zikuluzikulu zofunika chiwembu la - ichi zizindikiro IPC. Iwo anasonyeza kumanja ndipo ndife otsimikiza ndi Directory wapadera, chimene chimatchedwa "mayiko Maluso gulu". Dzina la Development anaganiza kulemba mu chimodzi. Izo ziyenera kwathunthu zimaonetsa cholinga chitsanzo, kuwonjezera, ziyenera adapangana ndi IPC.

Koma dzina la kufotokozera chitsanzo cha zigawo, anayamba mu Russia, iwo sikuti amasonyeza. Ndiye, mu kufotokoza mndandanda ayenera kutsatira mfundo za luso limene ichi chitsanzo zofunikira ndi zogwirizana. Apa umasonyeza mlingo wa sayansi, ntchito mafakitale, ofanana zitsanzo zofunikira zimene panopa zili mu msika, ndi prototypes. Mwachibadwa, pofuna kutsimikizira wapadera ndi indispensability chitukuko, tiyenera kupereka mfundo iliyonse zothandiza pa analogs ndi prototypes, ndicho zolakwa zawo, zophophonya ndi zina zotero. mafotokozedwe woterenso n'kothandiza kwa munthu amene akufuna kulembetsa chitukuko.

The zambiri kufotokoza bwino

Zitsanzo zofunikira chitsanzo kusonyeza yekha kuipa zitsanzo zofanana ndi nthawi anapeza kuti chosakwanira. N'chifukwa chake, mu chikalata ichi, ndi zofunika komanso kudziwa vuto lomwe latsopano zofunikira chitsanzo akhoza kulimbana bwino kwambiri. Mungathe kuzilemba pa ntchito ankaimbidwa za zotsatira za chitsanzo ichi, koma, ndithudi, ayenera kukhala zabwino.

Kukula zofunika kwambiri za gawo, yomwe muli akamanena za momwe mukhoza kuthamanga chitsanzo zofunikira. Chitsanzo cha amenewa kufotokoza, koma muyezo zofunika: chiyenera kukhala pafupi ndi zotheka pa njira. Mbali yofunika ya zizindikiro zawo makamaka ndi makhalidwe wofunikila zambiri kufotokoza m'chikalatachi.

Monga tanena chimodzi cha zinthu zofunika kwambiri yodalirika setifiketi kwa chitsanzo zofunikira ndi applicability ake mafakitale. Choncho, pokonza chiwembu, ndi zofunika kuti atsogolere chitukuko chowaloleza mikhalidwe motsata wa patentability.

zina zapadera za chitsanzo zofunikira

Imeneyi, chifukwa iliyonse makamaka muyenera mwachindunji onse malongosoledwe pamwamba. Kumaphatikizaponso mayiko setifiketi gulu, ubwino / kuipa kwa chitsanzo, etc. Zikuoneka kuti ena mwa zafotokozedwa abwerezedwa kapena yokhala mwachindunji - .. Ndi chovomerezeka ndi popanda kuphwanya malamulo. gawo ayenera mwachidule kufotokoza zojambula ndi kupereka mndandanda wa kanjedza (komanso mmene). Various mawonekedwe zinthu ndi dzina monga "akalumikidzidwa". zina zapadera za ntchito chitsanzo zofunikira ayenera kuperekedwa subclaims lapansi.

Kukhazikitsa chitsanzo zofunikira

M'chigawo chino, muyenera mwatsatanetsatane mmene chitukuko akhoza akuyendera ndi kutsatira kuposa zingakhale zothandiza kwa munthu wina. Nthawi zambiri mafotokozedwe awa ali mu chikhalidwe malo amodzi mwa chitsanzo zofunikira ndi kusonyeza zitsanzo za ntchito zimene ziyenera kuperekedwa mu mtundu digito ndipo kumasulira kwa Tsatanetsatane pa izi kapena kuti mchitidwe chitsanzo. Ngati za chitukuko kapena njira ananena zokhudza malire kapena ranges wa chizindikiro chilichonse, mu nkhani iyi, ndi bwino kuwapatsa chitsimikiziro, ndicho, kulungamitsa chipangizo luso losonyeza zitsanzo.