Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu: chimene chimathandiza?

Chaka chilichonse, Lamlungu woyamba, akubwera pambuyo holide ya Oyera Petro ndi Paulo Russian Orthodox amakondwerera Amayi a Mulungu mafano zopezeka pang'ono kuposa zaka zapitazo, pakati pa miyala wankhanza wa Valaam Island. Kodi wotchuka Valaam chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu, zimene zimathandiza ndi kumene icho chiri tsopano? Tiyeni tikambirane zimenezi m'nkhani.

Kupweteka mtumiki wa Mulungu Natalia

mavuto amene anapezeka ndi Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, zozizwitsa kwambiri, ndi mbiri za izi chimafikira makumi awiri. Iwo anayamba ndi chakuti mu 1878, ankakhala ku St. Petersburg Natalia Andreyevna Andreeva, munthu wopembedza, ndi achipembedzo, kupita pa mbadwa ya wamba, iye anagwira ozizira.

Mu St. Petersburg, ndi nyengo ake yaiwisi Baltic, ichi ndi zabwinobwino, koma Natalia Andreevna ozizira Vuto inatha - iye anadwala miyendo ndi pathupi, moti wodwalayo akhoza kusuntha. Izi zinachitika kwa pafupifupi zaka khumi.

Popeza madokotala amene akupita, analephera kupereka thandizo yokulirapo Andreev malangizo a abale ake anaganiza ulendo wonse Orthodox yotchuka Valaam obisika. Kumeneko, pa zilumba za pa Nyanja Ladoga aakulu, m'kachisi woyera ndi chinsinsi kumene kumakhala Amonke hermitage anakhalabe muyaya chisomo cha Mulungu, mowolowa manja unatsanuliridwa pa onse amene anatsegula zitseko za mtima wake kwa iye.

Odabwitsa Night Masomphenya

Usiku woti kunyamuka, monga izo zinali mu June 1887, Natalia Andreyevna anapita masomphenya zapadera. Mu maloto omveka anaona mkazi atavala mikanjo ya veleveti kapezi, atanyamula mwana pa manja ndi wazunguliridwa ndi kuwala kodabwitsa. Odwala akulimbikitsidwa ndi kumwetulira ake, mayi wamng'ono analamula iye ndithudi kukaona obisika, kulonjezedwa thandizo lake, ndiponso kutetezeredwa.

Pambuyo mawu awa, mkazi osaonekanso, popanda dzina lake anadabwa wapaulendo. Mwakwiya ndi zimene anaona Natalya Andreevna sanayese n'komwe ngakhale kuganiza kuti usiku uno anali analemekeza chodabwitsa chokha Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba. Koma masomphenya zozizwitsa anapatsa mphamvu zake, ndipo m'mawa wodwala anapita ku doko la.

Pa ulendo oyamba ansembe ndi

Nthawi yoyamba iye analowa m'mphepete mwa chilumba mu tsiku la phwando kupeza a zotsalira za oyera mtima m'dera Sergio ndi St. Herman. Pa nthawiyi, akachisi onse podzaza wogonera, ndipo kokha pa mapeto a anakhala pa chisumbu Natalia Andreevna anali wokhoza kumatula mu Mpingo wa Akukwera, pamene fano la Namwali Wodalitsidwa, anapachikidwa pa imodzi mwa mizati ya, anadabwa kumva iye wapeza mlendo usiku masomphenya ake, malonjezo thandizo lake ndi chitetezero. Ichi chinali Valaam chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu, pa nthawi imeneyo koma osati alemekezedwe ndi zozizwitsa.

Koma mwamsanga pamene iye akanakhoza zidzawonjezedwa kwa fano kufikira wenzulo steamship, kuitanana wokhulupirika ankhaninkhani anaima, ndipo izi ulendo Andreeva wake woyamba nthaŵi kutumikira pemphero pagulu Virgin. Komabe, atabwerera kunyumba, iye anachita omasuka zosamvetsetseka mu miyendo, kumverera umene chifukwa cha kutsazikana kupweteka. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, iye mwamsanga anapita peza kale kuyenda popanda ndodo.

Re-kuyendera chilumba

Panatenga zaka khumi, imene matenda sanabwerere, ndipo chifukwa Natalia Andreevna ankafuna kubwerera pachilumbachi, kumene chizindikiro cha Lady Wathu Valaam imene Virgin Mary anasonyeza kuti iye chozizwitsa cha machiritso. Kachiwiri, monga kwa nthawi yoyamba, iye anali atasonkhana mu msewu ndipo anapita kwa m'madoko ankaba kuntchito kwawo bwino.

Komabe, anakhumudwa chilumba - Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu wasowa kwa Mpingo Akukwera. Ndiponso, palibe okhala obisika, osati kokha sakanakhoza kuwauza kumene iye akanakhoza kumutenga, koma ambiri amanena kuti fano kulibe. Ngakhale wodziwazonse bambo sacristan mu kusakhulupirira kufalitsa manja ake, koma adati ngati chizindikiro ngati ndipo anali, ndiye, kuoneka kuti atumizidwe kwa St. Petersburg, komwe pa nthawiyo anatsegula obisika bwalo.

Zakusaka mu St. Petersburg

Tikaonanso St. Petersburg, chinthu choyamba Andreeva komweko Narva mbali, kumene kunali farmstead wa Valaam obisika. Komabe, mwala chachikulu, ndipo panalibe njira ya pangano. Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu anasowa monga kwathunthu ngati masomphenya a usiku, pitani kamodzi mtumiki wa Mulungu Natalia.

Koma ena liwu la mkati sanasiye kuuzira ake zimene njira yodabwitsa ndi ndiyotani pakuchotsa ake kamodzi mtima weniweni ndipo kuti tidzayesedwa kumupeza. Anadzazidwa ndi chikhulupiriro mu utumiki wake wodabwitsa, Natalya Andreevna kachitatu pa chilumbacho.

The chachiwiri aulosi masomphenya

Kukhulupirira ntchito kuthandiza Valaam Oyera, iye anayamba ndi kuti unachitikira utumiki pamaso zotsalira awo. Usiku woyamba anakhala mu hotelo obisika, Andreev maloto odabwitsa mmawa anathamangira kuuza bwino kuti bambo ake, Paphnutius - kuti sacristan yemweyo amene analankhula ulendo wake womaliza.

Iye analota akungoyendayenda padziko obisika ndi kupemphera kosalekeza kuti Amayi a Mulungu, iye anabwera ku mpingo wakale Nikolaya Chudotvortsa kale anathetsa ndi kutsekedwa chifukwa ziyambe kukonzedwa kwambiri. Ndipo apo, atayimirira pa khonde la mtumiki wa Mulungu Natalia mwadzidzidzi bwinobwino ndinamva atatembenuzidwa mawu ake kuchokera kumwamba: "Inu posachedwapa razyschesh. Ine ndiri pano. "

Mosakhalitsa anawasowetsa chonena mawu zikumveka ngati khomo la mpingo anatsegula mwadzidzidzi kuchokera kosadziwika anaonekera munthu wokalamba ndi Kamilavka buluu kumene Andreeva anawazindikira St. Sergio wa Valaam, amene anapemphera chithunzi cha tsiku. Iye anawakwezera mkati mwake pamene mu kuya kwa kachisi, pakati pa zaka mbale mpingo, anaima pa ngodya ya Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu.

malotowo zoonekeratu - anasonyeza Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba kumbuto yake, kumene iye anali fano mozizwitsa. Koma musanayambe kuchita chifukwa woyera, Natalia Andreyevna tinaona kuti ntchito yanga mgonero woyamba ndi Wodala sacramenti kukhala odzidalira. Kwa masiku atatu iye anasala ndipo pokonzekera kuti mgonero wa Wodalitsika sacramenti, komanso madzulo usiku m'maloto ndinaona akutuluka mpingo Paphnutii bambo, amene manja zinali chimodzimodzi.

Kupeza chithunzi wopatulika

Mgonero mu mapemphero oyambirira Sakramenti Woyera, ndi kubwera basi mu mpingo, Andreev anaona pamaso pa khamu la anthu olambira kutsogolo limene Paphnutius bambo anayenda mwakachetechete, pamaso onyamula chifaniziro cha Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa. Powonekera, ndithudi, izo zinali kupitiriza maloto lero. Popeza mmwamba ndi Andreeva, wansembe anasiyana ndi kutengeka anati mawu amodzi okha: "Iye?" Ngati kukayikira anakhalabe, izo zinali chimodzimodzi Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, modabwitsa adamuwangisa zaka khumi zapitazo.

Maonekedwe a bambo Paphnutius ndi fano mu manja ake pamaso pa Natalya Andreevna anafotokoza motere. Kumva nkhani yake zimene waona m'maloto, iye anamasulira monga chizindikiro chochokera kumwamba, ndipo adalandira madalitso abbot, ndinapita ku mpingo wakale, sanatsegule chitseko kwa zaka zambiri. M'bukuli iye wapeza opatulika mu ngodya, mwa thambo zinada zithunzi nthawi zithunzi mochenjera oyera, komanso lectern wosweka ndi ziwiya zina kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma mpingo.

Pokweza chizindikiro mozizwitsa

Mozizwitsa anaika mu tchalitchi chachikulu cha obisika ndipo pamaso pa tsiku lomwelo anatumikira utumiki wapadera ndi dalitso la madzi, imene panali zambiri mankhwala atsopano. Pemphero Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, ankakoka ndi chikhulupiriro ndi chiyembekezo, wakhala amveka.

Onse zozizwitsa zambiri timva akhala kuti palibe wina ndiye anali aliwonse okayikira lodalirika awo, tsamba lililonse mbiri yabwino ndi siginecha ya mboni zambiri. Pamene 1901 obisika anali lotsogoledwa ndi abbot Gabriel, anaika mu mmunsi mwa zithunzi chachikulu cha kachisi - chidutswa chovala cha Lady athu.

Atangochoka Valaam chithunzi cha amayi a Mulungu molondola mbiri zozizwitsa zake ndi kufika zikwi wogonera, iwo anali kupeza dzina lolembedwa mbuye wake. Zikuoneka kuti modzipereka kamodzi mu obisika mmonke Alipio (Konstantinov).

Image wa Virgin, anamaliza mu 1887, asanamwalire, pa nthawi pamene Natalia Andreevna ozizira. Ndi chodabwitsa kuti anali kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika ziwiri - mu chete ya agulupa ya chithunzicho utoto mafano, ndi St. Petersburg pa mkazi nthawi odwala amene matenda kenako anatumikira monga ulemerero wake.

The iconography fano zozizwitsa za Valaam

Tiyeni akukhala kodi Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, chithunzi amene timalandira nkhaniyi. Malinga ndi otsutsa, adzaupereka kwa mtundu wa Marian images, chibwenzi kuchokera ku Byzantium ndipo amatchedwa "Panagia" kutanthauza "onse woyera." Komanso, chizindikirocho mu dongosolo lake compositional akhoza zimachitika ndi zosiyana, koma ofanana mtundu wa "Nikopeya" - "Wopambana".

Ndi iwo chimagwirizanitsa chifaniziro cha Virgin, kuima wamtali ndi kukhala kutsogolo kwa mwana kudalitsa manja kum'patsa ya dzanja lake lamanja. Komabe, mphamvu chimene chili kudzanja lake lamanzere, si Byzantine chiyambi. Mbali imeneyi ya zikuchokera Ndi mmene zithunzi European Western "Khristu - Mpulumutsi wa dziko lapansi."

Valaam chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu ali ndi tsatanetsatane chidwi, zomwe ndi wapadera mu iconography Orthodox: Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba akufotokozedwa ndi mapazi umboni, zimaonekera pansi m'mphepete mwa mikanjo ake. Palibe zangati opezeka zithunzi zina Marian wa Mpingo Oriental.

Kuchoka m'dziko lachilendo

Mpaka 1940, chilumba cha Valaam a Finland, ndi pakati tiakachisi zina panali Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Kukonderera kupeza ake, linadzaza ndi anthu likuvutika aulendo amene anabwera ku St. Petersburg ndiponso mizinda ina Russian, pambuyo ulimi chinakwaniritsidwa okhala okha ya agulupa kotero angapo a admirers ake, kuti pambuyo pa October kuukira boma anasamuka ku West.

Pamene kumapeto kwa Finland Ladoga nkhondo ndi zilumba ake onse linalanda ndi Soviet Union, ansembe a obisika, n'kusiya nyumba zawo anasamukira ku kuya kwa Finland, komwe obisika awo linakhazikitsidwa, otchedwa "New Valaam." Ndi iwo anayesa pyonsene pya kotheka. Choyamba, ndithudi, tili mtengo kwambiri tiakachisi awo, lomwe kunali mitanda, mafano, mabuku mpingo ndi zovala.

Kotero ine ndinali mu Finland ndi fano zozizwitsa, kamodzi anachiritsidwa Natalia Andreyevna ndi wogonera zina zambiri. Troparion Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, olembedwa chakachi kupeza ake, tsopano phokoso mu dziko lachirendo, ndipo chaka chilichonse koposa chikale Finns anabwera kwa iye m'kupemphera kudzera chitetezero wake wa Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba. Apo iye ali, ndi lero, anaika mu kachisi waukulu wa agulupa za - ndi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral (chithunzi kumapeto kwa nkhani) ndipo amaona kachisi waukulu obisika a.

Tsoka wotsatira kwa chilumba cha Valaam obisika ndipo ake

Ndipo Chimonko anasiya pachilumbachi kwambiri nyengo Soviet, chipembedzo si watsopano. Kwa nthawi yaitali panali nyumba ya anamenyela olumala ndi ntchito, kumene olumala Kalanga naye ku Chile zambiri mokakamiza. Only mu zaka zao za sikisite wa pangodya lodabwitsa zachilengedwe kumpoto linali lotseguka kwa alendo, ndi zaka khumi kenako malo ya agulupa zakale, za thupi mchitidwe analandira udindo wa m'nyumbayi-otetezedwa. Anayamba kubwezeretsa awo.

Chitsitsimutso cha obisika inayamba mu September 1989, pamene lingaliro la Boma la Karelia m'gawo lake ndi onse pa nyumba ake anaperekedwa kwa Leningrad chigawocho. Tsiku Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu chikondwerero, monga tanenera kale, Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo phwando la oyera Petulo ndi Paulo, inali yololedwa unakhazikitsidwa mu 2002 ndi lamulo la kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia Alexy II.

Pakati pa nyumba zina ndi nyumba anakhalabe yemweyo ntchito adzathedwa St. Nicholas Mpingo, kumene chizindikiro cha zozizwitsa angakhale. Pambuyo kukonzanso ndi kubwezeretsa wabwino izo analengedwa ndi Temple Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Mu ndi mndandanda, zopangidwa kuchokera pachiyambi, otsala kalekale mu Finland.

Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu: chimene chimathandiza?

Self ulemerero Valaam mafano, amene kudabvumbulutsidwa zozizwitsa zambiri za machiritso anayamba kuvutika peterburzhenki, monga tinafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane pamwamba. Izi anayamba mwambo kupemphera pamaso pa chifano ichi cha Lady Wathu ndiyotani pakuchotsa matenda ndi luso thanzi. Zitsanzo za mmene mowolowa manja unatsanuliridwa pa chisomo cha Mulungu anapemphera ndipo anakhala kupempha mochuluka kwambiri. Ambiri a milandu zinalembedwa m'mabuku a obisika ndi kutsimikizira mwa anasaina wa mboni. N'zovuta n'komwe mmene anabweretsa kufunika machiritso Valaam chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu.

Kodi ndikupemphera pamaso pa njira yodabwitsa iyi? Kumene, sikutheka kuchepetsa maganizo thandizo anatumiza pansi Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba, koma machiritso a thupi la munthu, ziribe kanthu momwe izo zinali zofunika kwambiri. chifundo Chake chopanda malire, ndi predstatelstvuya pamaso pa Yehova, iye amatipempherera pa ntchito ya mapemphero onse akubwera kuchokera pansi pa mtima, ndi yolimba mwa chikhulupiriro. Virgin sadzasiya popanda nkhani za anthu kutsogolo kwake moona atam'pempha kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtendere m'banja, pa chigamulocho bwino mimbayo, za ana chilangizo ndi chiongoko chawo panjira yabwino.