Zinthu Anthropogenic: zitsanzo. Kodi chinthu anthropogenic?

The kukula kwa ntchito anthu awonjezera kwambiri mu zaka otsiriza mazana ochepa, zikutanthauza kuti pali zinthu zatsopano anthropogenic. Zitsanzo za zotsatira za malo ndi udindo wa anthu chilengedwe kusintha - onse lino nkhaniyi.

ndi sing'anga ndi moyo?

Mbali ya chikhalidwe cha Dziko Lapansi, limene moyo zamoyo - ndi malo awo. Akuwuka kwa chibwenzi, moyo, zokolola, kuchuluka mabungwe kuwona zachilengedwe. Wakutali zigawo pakati chilengedwe: nthaka, madzi ndi mpweya. Pali zinthu zimene ndinazolowera tikukhala mu malo omwewo, kapena atatu, mwachitsanzo, zomera m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

zinthu payekha zimavuta ndi zamoyo ndi pakati pawo, - zinthu zachilengedwe. Aliyense wa iwo ndi chofunika kwambiri. Koma m'zaka za posachedwapa, kufunika mapulanetiwa zinthu anthropogenic. Ngakhale theka zapitazo, makhalidwe a anthu pa chikhalidwe sanali kulabadira zokwanira, koma zaka 150 zapitazo sayansi ya zachilengedwe anali mu Chiyambi chake.

ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zimene?

Zikhalidwe za chilengedwe kungakhale yosiyanasiyana: danga, mudziwe, mphamvu, mankhwala, nyengo. zigawo lachibadwa ya thupi, mankhwala kapena anachokera ku zinthu - zinthu zachilengedwe. Iwo mwachindunji kapena ayi bwanji munthu kwachilengedwenso chitsanzo anthu, ndi biocoenosis lonse. Palibe zochepa zochitika kugwirizana ndi zochita za anthu, monga chisokonezo. Pa moyo wa zamoyo, boma la biocenoses ndi chivundikiro Hrs zimakhudza zinthu zambiri anthu. zitsanzo:

• kuwonjezeka mpweya woipa mu mlengalenga kumabweretsa kusintha kwa nyengo;
• ulimi Monoculture ndi chiwerengero cha kubuka osiyana kuwononga zamoyo;
• moto kukhala ndi kusintha m'madera mbewu;
• kudula mitengo ndi kumanga siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu chimasintha boma la mitsinje.

ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zimene?

Zokwaniritsa okhudza zinthu zamoyo ndi malo awo, katundu awo akhoza zimachitika kwa limodzi la magulu atatu:

• zinthu zochita kupanga kapena abiotic (dzuwa dzuwa, kutentha mpweya, madzi, mphepo, amenewa);
• zinthu biotic imakhudzana ndi mchitidwe wa tizilombo, nyama, zomera, zokhudza wina ndi mzake, pa chikhalidwe zopanda moyo;
• zinthu anthropogenic chilengedwe - zotsatira chokhala ndi anthu Dziko Lapansi pa chikhalidwe.

Onse a magulu awa ali ofunika. Aliyense chinthu zachilengedwe ndi irreplaceable. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa madzi sizikupanga kuchuluka zofunika chomera zakudya za zinthu mchere ndi kuwala.

Kodi chinthu anthropogenic?

Kuweta sayansi, kuphunzira chilengedwe - zachilengedwe padziko lonse, zachilengedwe anthu ndi kusamala zachilengedwe. Iwo zochokera deta ongolankhula zachilengedwe, anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zinthu "anthu". Anthropos mu Greek amatanthauza "munthu", genos amatanthauza "chiyambi". Mawu "chinthu" amachokera ku chinthu Latin ( «umatipanga kubala"). Chotero anaitana zinthu zokhudza ndondomeko, awo mphamvu galimoto.

zimakhudza umunthu kulikonse pa zamoyo, chilengedwe chonse - ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi anthu. Zitsanzo kulibe zabwino ndi zoipa. Pali milandu kusintha zabwino chikhalidwe cha mwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Koma ambiri zoipa, zimakhudza zina oopsa biosphere lapansi.

Malo ndi udindo wa chinthu anthu kusintha nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi

mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito zachuma cha anthu zimakhudza ubwenzi pakati pa zamoyo ndi chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuphwanya kwawo. Pamalo a maofesi zachilengedwe ndi malo pali opangidwa:

• m'minda, minda ya zipatso ndi minda;
• Madamu mchere, ngalande;
• m'mapaki, m'minda nkhalango;
• nakulitsa msipu.

Pa munthu kufanana kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'tsogolo chikoka anthropogenic, biotic ndi zinthu abiotic chilengedwe. Zitsanzo: Mapangidwe zipululu - m'minda ya zaulimi; atachuluka mchere.

Monga munthu amakhudza chikhalidwe?

Anthu - gawo la biosphere Lapansi - pa nthawi yaitali amadalira pa ozungulira mmene chilengedwe. Ndi chitukuko ya ubongo, makamaka ubongo, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zipangizo za ntchito munthu wakhala imayambitsa njira zamoyo zinachita ndi padziko lapansi. Choyamba m'pofunika kutchula katswiri pa makina, magetsi ndi nyukiliya mphamvu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kwambiri anasintha kumtunda kwa matanthwe a, kuchuluka biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu.

zosiyanasiyana zonse zotsatira anthu pa chilengedwe - izi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi anthu. Zitsanzo za zochita zoipa:

• kuchepetsa nkhokwe mchere;
• kudula mitengo;
• kuipitsidwa nthaka;
• kusaka ndi nsomba;
• chiwonongeko cha mitundu zakutchire.

Zabwino zimakhudza anthu pa biosphere ndi zokhudzana ndi miyeso kuteteza zachilengedwe. Iwo anagwira reforestation ndi mtengo kubzala, malo ndi kuwongolera midzi anthu, acclimatization wa nyama (nyama, mbalame, nsomba).

Kodi chikuchitika n'chiyani kusintha ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi biosphere?

Zitsanzozi zinthu zopangidwa zachilengedwe, alowererepo anthu mu chikhalidwe zikusonyeza kuti amadza kungakhale zabwino kapena zoipa. makhalidwe amenewa ndi makonzedwe, chifukwa zimakhudza zabwino pamene anasintha zinthu zambiri amakhala moyang'anizana wake, mwachitsanzo. E. Zimatengera pa apamtima negative. Ntchito za anthu kawirikawiri sakhala kuwononga chilengedwe kuposa phindu. Mfundo imeneyi yafotokozedwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo a chilengedwe, alipo kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri.

Back mu 1971 pa United Nations maphunziro, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe (UNESCO) anali ovomerezeka ndi bungwe la International Tizilombo Program, yakuti "Man ndi Biosphere". ntchito yake yaikulu inali kuphunzira ndi kupewa kusintha chowawa chilengedwe. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, wamkulu ndi mabungwe zachilengedwe ana, mabungwe maphunziro nkhawa kwambiri za kusamala zosiyanasiyana kwachilengedwenso.

Kodi patsogolo thanzi la chilengedwe?

Ife tinapeza chimene chinthu anthropogenic mu zachilengedwe, zamoyo, malo ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi. Onani kuti umoyo wa anthu, moyo wa mibadwo yalelo ndi zimadalira khalidwe ndi zotsatira za ntchito zachuma pa chilengedwe. M'pofunika kuchepetsa ngozi zachilengedwe kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zinthu zoipa anthropogenic.

Ofufuza, ngakhale kusamala pakuleka singakwane kuonetsetsa thanzi la chilengedwe. Kungakhale akumane kuti moyo wa munthu pa pakuleka ake m'mbuyomu, koma cheza wamphamvu, mankhwala ndi zina kuipitsa.

Zoonekeratu kugwirizana pakati pa thanzi la chilengedwe, mwamuna ndi digiri ya chikoka cha zinthu anthropogenic. Pofuna kuchepetsa amadza zawo zoipa chofunika kupanga maganizo atsopano kwa chilengedwe, udindo kuli abwino zinyama zosiyanasiyana.