Mutuwu: "Chifukwa chiyani maluwa akutchedwa feteleza kawiri" akuwerengedwa mu kalasi ya chisanu ndi chimodzi cha sukuluyi. Komabe, si munthu wamkulu aliyense amene angathe kufotokoza zachinsinsi za njirayi.
Zomera, monga zamoyo zonse, zimachulukitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zazikulu. Choyamba ndi vegetative, ndiko kuti, chomera chatsopano chimapezeka kuchokera kumbali iliyonse ya "kholo" lake - muzu, tsinde, tsamba, ngakhale selo limodzi. Yachiwiri imatchedwa kuti asexually, chifukwa zomera zimawoneka kuchokera ku spores ndikuwoneka ngati amayi. Choncho bowa ndi mitundu ina ya algae. Chinthu changwiro kwambiri ndi umuna wa zomera mwa njira yogonana.
M'dziko la zomera, izi zimachitika kudzera mu kusanganikirana kwa gametes, zomwe zingakhale zofanana ndi kukula (isogamy), kukula kwake mosiyana (heterogamy) ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi wina (oogamy). Titha kunena kuti feteleza ndi njira yogwirizanitsa maseŵera amphongo (mazira), omwe amachititsa kuti maselo okhala ndi ma chromosomes (double zygote) apangidwe, kuchokera kumene zomera zatsopano zidzawonekera.
Nchifukwa chiyani maluwa akutcha umuna kawiri? Pano pali chida chapadera cha kubereka - duwa. Mbali zake zikuluzikulu ndizo: stamens pa filaments ndi anther (muli mungu), ovary, column, pestle (ndi tsankho), mungu womwe umapezeka pamtambo wa embryo kumene ovule uli. Kuyambira sukulu ya biology, ambiri amakumbukira chinachake pistil ndi stamen ndipo akhoza kuganiza: chifukwa chake mu maluwa maluwa amatchedwa kawiri. Koma izi siziri choncho.
M'madera ena, monga tawatchula kale, mungu umapangidwa, womwe uli ndi maselo awiri - lalikulu kwambiri ndi zochepa, kukula. Pamene anther akukula, zinthu izi zimafalitsidwa ndi mphepo kapena tizilombo. Kamodzi pa pestle (mwachindunji pa tsankhu), mungu umakula kuti gawo la vegetative likhale mungu wambiri womwe umaphatikizapo thumba la bere. Kupyolera mwa izo, khola lachiberekero limalowetsa thumba, lomwe nthawi yomwe lilowetsedwa ligawidwa muwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amakafika ku ovum, akuphatikiza nawo, kupanga zygote, ndipo wachiwiri amalowa nawo kachiwiri. Izi ndi chifukwa chake mu maluwa maluwa amatchedwa kawiri.
Mitengo yamakono yamakono imagwirizanitsa bwino njira zosiyana zoberekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitunduyo ikhale ndi moyo. Ndipo panthaŵi yomwe izi zinkangoyamba, njira iyi yoberekera inali yofunikira kwambiri, ndondomeko yosinthika. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi, lomwe linapangidwa kudzera mu kusakaniza kwa maselo ndi maselo osiyanasiyana a chromosomes, linali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Kafukufuku wamakono wamakono akuwonetsa momwe kubereka kwa zomera zogonana ndizovuta. Mwachitsanzo, zinapezeka kuti mungu ndi mtundu wa pistil uli ndi ma pH osiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapuloteni, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya enzyme ndi amino acid, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale njira zabwino zogwirira ntchito pamene maselowa akuphatikizidwa.