Nyumba yosungirako nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba: malo, zitsanzo

Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale monga kale - malo opatulika a Muses, Museon (Museion), koma m'masiku ano lingaliro ili lataya tanthauzo lake loyambirira kwambiri. Malo omwe anthu ankachita nawo sayansi, zojambulajambula, zolemba zomwe zinalandira chikhalidwe chosiyana: ndizo zikumbutso za nthawi zam'tsogolo ndi ntchito za luso, zitsanzo zomwe mungaphunzire dziko la chirengedwe, zovuta za mitundu yonse ndi chidwi, zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa pazomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi anthu onse. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumbayo nthawi zambiri siimapangidwa ngati malo osungirako zinthu. Amasunga zinthu zapakhomo, zinthu zapanyumba, mipando ndi mzimu wa munthu wapadera amene malo ano akumbukira. Pafupifupi mzinda uliwonse waukulu uli ndi malo osungirako zinthu zambiri.

Mitu yaikulu

M'chikhalidwe chachikulu ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu, anthu omwe ali ndi luso lokhala ndi malingaliro abwino ndi cholinga chowonekera akuwongolera. Choncho, mawonekedwe monga nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, makamaka akuyimira mitu yonse ikuluikulu.

Pano mungapeze lingaliro la moyo wa munthu wotchuka, onani zinthu zomwe zamuzungulirani, apa pangokhala mkhalidwe wa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ngakhale mzimu umenewo kapena nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomwe inali kuyandikira pafupi ndi munthu wanzeru pamene anali kugwira ntchito kapena akupumula. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mafomu a museum monga nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, museum-malo.

Pushkin, Zoshchenko ndi ena

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri malo osungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungirako nyumba sizowona, zonse zimangobweretsedwanso molingana ndi kalembedwe ka nthawi, kudalira zolemba zosiyanasiyana. Zolengedwa ndi nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale Pushkin pamakono a Moika, ngakhale pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zinali za ndakatulo. Komabe, adakhala m'nyumba muno osati kwa nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali, ndizosatheka tsopano kubwezeretsa zokongoletsa za zipinda zake. Koma mnyumba yomweyi nthawi ina ankakhala Princess Princess Volkonskaya ndi Duke Biron.

Ndipo pano pali nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale. Nyumba za ku St. Petersburg, zoperekedwa ku moyo ndi ntchito ya Mikhail Zoshchenko, sizinawononge nthawi - zimasungira zinthu zonse ndi mkati mwawo umphumphu ndi zowona, izi ndizo chimodzimodzi zomwe zinayandikana ndi wolembayo ndi banja lake zosachepera zaka zana zapitazo. Komanso mumzinda wa St. Petersburg mungathe kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha mbiri yapamwamba kwambiri: pali malo osungirako anthu osati olemba okha: Blok, Nabokov, Gumilev, Nekrasov, Brodsky ndi ena, komanso Shalyapin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Academician Pavlov, otchuka Samoilovs ndi anthu ena ambiri osiyana Ntchito yamtundu uliwonse. Ku likulu la kumpoto mungapeze mtundu uliwonse wa nyumba yosungirako nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, museum-malo. Ku St. Petersburg okha omaliza oposa makumi anayi, ndipo onse ndi osangalatsa. Mzindawu umakonda kwambiri kale.

Moscow

Ku Moscow, nyumba zokhalira zokumbutsa zokha, kuyembekezera alendo, pafupifupi makumi anai, umunthu wodabwitsa kwambiri umakhala mumzinda wathu. Pano, pali mitundu yambiri yosungiramo zinthu zakale zoperekedwa kwa anthu omwe asonkhezera mbiri ya mzinda osati dziko lokha, koma dziko lonse lapansi. Palibe ngakhale zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mochuluka monga mzimu wa nthawi yomwe izi kapena zina ntchito zazikulu zinachitidwa.

Mwachitsanzo, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Arbat inaperekedwa kwa M. Yu Lermontov. Ku Tverskaya mungathe kukafika ku chikumbutso cha museum-workshop ya wojambula zithunzi wamkulu S.T. Konenkov. Mu FM Dostoyevsky pamsewu wa dzina lake ndi nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ya Alexander Ostrovsky wotchuka kwambiri pa masewerawa ali pa Ordynka.

Pakatikati mwa Moscow

Mukhoza kuyenda ku Khamovniki, pamsewu wa Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy. Pali malo osungirako zosungirako zochititsa chidwi za wolemba. Koma msewu Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy amatchedwanso Spiridonovka, koma nyumba ya wolembayo imasungidwa mwangwiro ndipo imayitana onse ofika. Kuyenda pakatikati pa likulu, anthu pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse amatha kuwerenga: nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Komabe, pali zochitika zofanana zochititsa chidwi kunja kwa kunja.

Loweruka ndi Lamlungu, kawirikawiri alendo ambiri amalandira nyumba yosungiramo zojambula-nyumba ku Moscow. Ena mumatha kumwa khofi, monga, mwachitsanzo, ku Bolshaya Sadovaya, kuchokera ku MA Bulgakov. Kawirikawiri nyumba yosungiramo nyumba za museum, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba zamatabwa - mayina angalowe m'malo mwa zonse-zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsanja zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, okonda kuimba chipinda chochititsa chidwi, amalandiridwa ku nyumba yosungiramo zikumbutso za MN Ermolova ku Tverskoy Boulevard.

Korolev, Stanislavsky, Herzen ndi anthu ena ambiri

Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ku Moscow ndi yochuluka kwambiri moti sitinganene za onse, ngakhale ndikufunadi. Pafupi ndi khomo lakumwera la VDNKh - nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, kumene mpweya wokha uli ndi malo, omwe Academician S.P.Korolev anapatsa anthu. Ndipo mkatikati mwa mzinda, ku Leontievsky Lane ndi nyumba ya Stanislavsky, kumene masewera ndi mawonedwe a anthu ndizofala.

Pakhomo la AI Herzen pafupi ndi Smolensk Square, alendo sangafunsidwe, "Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani?", Koma ndithudi adzanena kuti "Ndani ali ndi mlandu?", Popeza chinthu chirichonse chimapuma pano dzina la wolemba wa moyo wosafawu. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, dzina lake mwamtheradi, nthawi zonse imatsogolera mlendo osati zatsopano, komanso kudzidzimutsa nokha pazing'ono zapadera za moyo.

Pa Novinsky Boulevard, mukhoza kupita kumalo kumene FI Shalyapin ankakhala, pamtunda wa IV Kurchatov - malo okhala ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya nyukiliya ndi PL Kapitsa, yemwe wakhalapo mpaka pano. MV Keldysh ndi VN Vinogradov ndi amodzi mwa anthu omwe mumafuna kudziwa zambiri, malo osakumbukika alibe kanthu. Choncho, malo ngati nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, omwe maina awo amalankhula okha, amawunikira, kuti anthu omwe achoka payekha amawakonda.

Nyumba zapakhomo

Moscow ndi madera akudziwika kuti palibe vuto la sabata losangalatsa komanso lothandiza, kupatula vuto la kusankha. Ngati moyo sufuna zokongoletsera zokha komanso zakulenga, komanso kuyandikana ndi chilengedwe, nthawi zonse muli ndi mwayi wopita ku nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungirako zinthu, yomwe ilipo ambiri.

Kodi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi chiyani? Malinga ndi V. I. Dal, bamboyo (mwinamwake manor) ndi nyumba yaumidzi kumidzi, ndi munda, munda ndi zitseko zonse. Ndipo nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale imati anthu omwe kale anali ambuye a nyumbayo ali ndi matalente ambiri kapena cholinga chodabwitsa.

Dubrovitsy

Pamwamba pa phiri ku Dubrovitsy ndi kachisi wokhala ndi baroque, umene umakhala wosagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomangamanga za ku Russia. Ichi ndi chinthu chochokera ku gulu "kuti muwone kwenikweni." Choyamba, osachepera pa chithunzi. Kachisi wa Chizindikiro cha Malo Opatulikitsa Theotokos ndi wokongola modabwitsa. Sizinali zopanda phindu kuti Prince Golitsyn apereke ntchito yake yomangidwira osati amisiri okhawo a Polish, Swedish, German ndi Dutch, komanso kwa Domenico Trezzini (ntchito yake yakale ndi Peter ndi Paul Cathedral ku St. Petersburg). Nthawi zina malowa anali a Potemkin.

Nyumba yosungiramo nyumbayi inalinso ndi mimba ndipo imamangidwanso kalembedwe ka Baroque, koma m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi iyo idamangidwanso mwapamwamba: nyumba yokhala ndi nsanjika zitatu yokhala ndi masitepe, nyumba zamatabwa komanso mabanki. Pafupi - mapiko anayi kwa atumiki ndi ansembe. Kukongoletsa mkati kwa nyumba kumakhala kokongola kwambiri, makamaka Armory Hall. Pano, nthumwi zakunja, komanso a Romanovs, anali alendo ambiri. Mlendoyo akamaona kuti ali ndi mpata womwewo, amamvetsera kwambiri ndi a Russia. Pano, mafilimu ambiri adaphedwa, monga "Monte Cristo".

Serednikovo

Manor iyi inalengedwa pa nthawi yabwino kwambiri, tikhoza kunena, m'zaka zagolidi zakumanga nyumba za nyumba za Russia. Stolypin anali nawo, ndipo popeza agogo a M. Yu Lermontov anali ochokera ku banja lino, ulemerero wa malowo umagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la ndakatulo, ngakhale pano, mwachinyamata, ubwana wake wonse ndi unyamata wake adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wokonzanso kwambiri PA Stolypin. Pambuyo pake, nthawi yambiri idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu otchuka monga Rachmaninoff ndi Shalyapin.

Makhalidwe apamwamba ndi owala komanso okondana, zochitika zakale zimasungidwa mu Nyumba ya Paradaiso. Pakiyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa ojambula malo, popeza ngakhale ngakhale sindinakhalepo ndi burashi pano kuchokera ku zokongola za mitundu, ndikufunadi kudziwa lusoli. Pali filimu ndi zokongola za ku England zaka mazana atatu. Pano mafilimu "Servant of the Tsar", "Admiral", "Lermontov", "Norya yovuta" ndi ena ambiri adaphedwa.

Arkhangelskoye

Nyumbayi idadziwika ngakhale pa nthawi ya Ivan the Terrible, koma palimodzi ndi zomangamanga ndi paki tsopano zikuyimira kalembedwe kazakale za m'ma 1800. Anakhala ku Arkhangelsk kwa zaka mazana atatu zapitazo Yusupov, Odoyevsky, Golitsyn.

Nyumbayi imakhala ngati nyumba zapamwamba za ku France kapena nyumba za Aroma: zitsamba, masitepe, njira zodzikongoletsera zojambulajambula zambiri. Masitepe ndi maulustrade, akutsikira ku mtsinje, paki yabwino kwambiri yomwe ili ndi larch - pali malo oyendamo ndi kumasuka Muscovite atagwira ntchito mwakhama. Pakiyi imaonedwa kuti ndiyo yabwino ku Russia. Pano, kuyambira nthawi ya Prince Nikolai Yusupov, pali nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zomwe zithunzi zopitirira mazana anayi zojambula za ku Western Europe zokha ndizofunika kwambiri.

Kuskovo

Muscovites amaganiza kuti nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo malo ku Kuskovo ndi malo osungirako nyama monga Sokolniki, komwe mungasangalale ndi kupuma kwa chikhalidwe, panthawi imodzimodzi ndikuyang'ana malo okongola m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Komabe, maganizo awa ndi olakwika. Kuskovo Forest Park ili yokha, ndipo malo a Kuskovo ndi malo osungiramo malo omwe mungakwerere m'galimoto, onani nyumba yachifumu, Italiya ndi Dutch, malo ogulitsira, omwe ndi ziwonetsero zake. Komanso pa gawo la nyumbayi muli malo osungirako zinthu zamatabwa ndi zinthu zambiri zokongola zomwe ziri Malo ogulitsira - miyala ya America ndi yaikulu.