The zinthu zachilengedwe ku Russia. Yankho la mavuto zachilengedwe

The zinthu zachilengedwe mu dziko uli pa mphembenu pa tsoka. Ngakhale ambiri "wobiriwira" mabungwe, ndalama kusamala zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zake, maboma a mayiko onse mongoyesa kuti tithane ndi zotsatira za zochita za anthu, kopambana zisinthe sizingatheke. Osasamalira ntchito chuma cha dziko lapansi, losasamala chidwi ndalama za mabungwe waukulu kudalirana kutsogolera chakuti zinthu zachilengedwe si bwino.

mavuto Environmental mu dziko

Mu chilungamo, tiona kuti mayiko ndi chuma akupangidwa ndi moyo wapamwamba ndipo akhoza kudzitama mkulu mlingo wa chitetezo zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe chikhalidwe. M'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya, America ndi Japan akuyesera kuchepetsa zotsatira za milandu manja a anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo kumawonjezera mlingo wa maphunziro kwa nzika amene akuyesetsa angagwirizanitse mlingo banja, njira zimathandiza kuti chitetezo ndi malo oyera. Koma nthawi yomweyo mipata kwambiri zinthu zimenezi m'mayiko ndipo makamaka mu zigawo zomwe zikutsalirazi wa dzikoli, mpesa kupha zoyesayesa zonse mwanjira kuteteza chilengedwe. Mosasamala kudula mitengo, kuipitsa madzi ndi zinyalala mafakitale, muli, ndi losasamala mwamtheradi mtima kwa thumba dziko lilipo.

Osauka chikhalidwe chilengedwe - kumene kungakhudze aliyense ndi vuto. Mavuto amenewo momwe kupatulira wa wosanjikiza ozoni, kuipitsa mpweya kapena limatsogolera madzi oundana, simungathe bwino kwa munthuyo kuti kulakwa. Koma kubuka, chokhwima nyengo, madzi akuda ndi watsopano zaulimi, osati kupereka kukolola, akhoza - ndi zotsatira zonse mwachindunji ya manja athu.

Ubale wa Russia

Mwatsoka, Russia wa mndandanda wa mayiko, zinthu zachilengedwe zimene koipa. Zimenezi zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo anawonetseredwa mu muzochitika zonse. Anatinso wamkulu kuwonongeka zizindikiro anachokera ku zotsatira za mafakitale. mavuto a zachuma chimene chilipo onse padziko lonse ndi zoweta chuma, akutiakuti, zimathandiza kuti kuchepa mphamvu pa ulimi. N'zomveka kuganiza kuti ayenera kuchepetsa mpweya zinthu zoipa mu dziko, koma tsoka, pali kumayambika zotsatira boomerang. Kupanda ntchito likulu, kukakamiza kampani kupulumutsa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa dongosolo wamakono, unsembe maofesi a chithandizo.

Koma osati m'madera ambiri matauni ndi zigawo mafakitale zinthu ikuchititsa nkhawa kwambiri. M'goli yodula nkhalango coniferous zomera kunyalanyaza leafy, chosasamala wa makonsolo ndi nzika imautsa chiwonongeko cha 20% ya chakudya dziko ya dziko nkhuni.

Kumasulidwa kwa madzi zinyalala ku mitsinje ndi nyanja, ndi ngalande yokumba wa marshlands, malo mwa nyanja komanso kulima zina migodi vandalnaya - ndi zenizeni kuti alipo, ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ku Russia chatsika tsiku ndi tsiku pa nkhani imeneyi.

Kodi kuwunika kwenikweni zinthu mu chilengedwe?

Njira Integrated kugawa chilengedwe chilengedwe - chinsinsi ndi chifukwa chokwanira. Phunziro kokha zina za alopecia ndi kuwononga malo, madzi ndi mpweya sadzamva kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino padziko lonse. Kafukufuku zinthu zachilengedwe - patsogolo ntchito boma. Pamaziko a njira imeneyi kuwunika ayenera kukulitsa anaikira yaitali ndi kukhazikitsa ma paliponse.

Only zoona ndi chokwanira polojekiti, umene kusungira odziimira paokha akatswiri zachilengedwe, akhoza kupereka chithunzi chooneka bwino. Kalanga, zoona zake n'zakuti ngakhale mabungwe padziko lonse kawirikawiri nthambi Kumvetsela a mabungwe akuluakulu ndi ntchito pansi pakamwa awo, kutenga udindo, yopindulitsa okhawo.

Mu Russia, zinthu ndi kulimbikitsa ndi kofunikira kwambiri pa chivundi ndi mtchalitchi, kuti atumikire monga supervisory ndi wamkulu ntchito. Kusankha yovomerezeka za chitetezo cha chibadwa amakhala pa chintchito chachikulu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pali njira ngakhalenso zimagwirira, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - chifuniro cha akuluakulu. Bola ngati mabwana sadzakhala pandekha chakuti zinthu zachilengedwe ku Russia anatuluka impasse, ndi chodziwikiratu padzakhala kusintha kwenikweni.

Utumiki wa Natural Resources

Uliwonse dziko pali mabungwe onse a boma ndi omwe si a boma kuti kuthana ndi mavuto a zachilengedwe ndalama zawo. Ndani wa iwo kuchita ntchito bwino maudindo awo - kuipidwa ndi makani nkhani. Ndithudi, mchitidwe wabwino, pamene ankapoperamo zachilengedwe mu dziko udindo zina zozama.

Utumiki wa Natural Resources ndi Chitetezo Environmental ku Russia kuyambira 2008. Linati mwachindunji boma. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito bungwe si lonse. Utumiki ali ntchito awiri - malamulo ndipo akufuna. ntchito Direct akutsatiridwa mwa chilengedwe cha chimango malamulo, chimene, pali ulamuliro, ntchito ya mabizinezi a ofesi anthu, nkhani udindo wapadera (nkhokwe, zinyama), mphamvu kupanga m'munda wa chitukuko ndi m'zigawo gwero. Mwatsoka, thupi lomwe kuti aziyang'anila kukhazikitsa malamulo, kuchitapo kanthu motsimikiza zinachitikira kuyan'anila za lamulo ayi. Choncho, Ministry of Natural Resources ndi Environment ali ndi malo chabe mwachibale kwa chitetezo cha topezeka la dzikolo.

Earth - zonse wathu!

Agro-mafakitale zovuta si mwangozi ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunika kwambiri chuma dziko. zaulimi ali mahekitala oposa 600 miliyoni. chithunzi ichi ndi chachikulu, chuma gwero mu dziko lina mu dziko. Mphamvu, amene amasamala za m'munda mwawo anafuna kuti kulima mbewu ntchito mu chakudya ndi makampani kuwala, safuna ntchito nthaka mwankhanza.

Zilizonse ntchito feteleza, lomwe ndi zotsatira za kufunafuna mkulu zokolola, lotha zimagalimoto, linaphwanya kukhulupirika kwa nthaka, kuwonongeka kwa mipweya nthaka, osati minda ndi minda, komanso pa dziko sanali ulimi - ichi ndi zipatso zonse za phukusi la anthu, iwo mwachindunji zimene tingachite akamaona m'dzikoli. Mosakayikira, kudyetsa anthu ambiri, alimi kulima chidutswa chirichonse cha dziko, koma ndi njira ndi khalidwe lokonda ziyenera ukasintha yantchito.

njira zamakono yochitira malonda, zochokera minda, mu maiko otukuka imakonzedwa m'njira kuti eni dziko amasamala awo "namwino", ndi kubwerera kulandira apamwamba zokolola, motero, ndi ndalama.

Vuto ka madzi

Yambani wa zaka zikwi-ziwiri amalembedwa ndi kuzindikira kuti madzi oyera chuma padziko lonse ali mu mkhalidwe zoopsa. Izi vuto chilengedwe komanso zinthu zachilengedwe, monga kuipitsa ndi kuchepa kwa madzi akumwa, ndi zinadzala ndi akuti mitundu ya anthu. Kuopsa kwa nkhani zimene anapanga njira zambiri udindo ndi khalidwe polojekiti madzi. Komabe, zoyesayesa ofooka kubweretsa madzi zizindikiro yachibadwa kuti mpaka analephera.

Mfundo yakuti kwambiri anthu ali ndendende kum'mwera ndi chapakati zigawo. Iwo ankaganiza ndi yaikulu mphamvu mafakitale dziko, n'kumene chitukuko cha ulimi. Number oyenera kukhalabe matupi anthu a makampani madzi M'malo mwake, si monga mkulu monga n'kofunika. Nacho kukakamiza mtsinje alipo kwatanthauza kuti ena a iwo pafupifupi osaonekanso, ena osasamba kuti ntchito zawo ali mosamalitsa zosatheka.

Kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe kumeneko, koma agwiritsidwa kwa matupi madzi kuti atengedwa pansi ziyang'aniridwe. Ziwerengero, zomwe zimaonetsa zinthu chonse zoopsa:

• % 12 zokha Madamu, malinga ndi zachilengedwe, amagwa pansi ndi woyera.
• Kuchuluka zosafunika zoipa monga mankhwala, zitsulo, choposa ena amatunga kuti maulendo malire chovomerezeka.
• More polviny anthu amagwiritsa madzi zolinga zoweta, osati oyenera kumwa. Komanso, pafupifupi 10% ya anthu kukhitchini si wopatsa moyo madzi, ndi poizoni. Izi amakwiya kubuka chiwindi, matenda ena matumbo, otsegula.

Kodi timapuma?

Salima Thyolo Zomba zikusonyeza kuti panopa zinthu zachilengedwe mu airspace ikuwongolera penapake zisakuyenda bwino. Komabe manambala paokha ndi wadidi basi pa pepala, kwenikweni kugwa kwa mpweya zinachitika pa milingo zonyozeka, ndi m'madera ena anawonjezera. Chaka chilichonse, 18,000 mabizinesi kudutsa dziko zimatulutsa matani oposa mamiliyoni 24 zinthu zoipa.

The vuto yovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe m'mizinda monga Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Kemerovo, zoopsa Arkhangelsk ndi Novosibirsk. Mndandanda wa mizinda ndi akumane mumlengalenga maziko zikuphatikizapo 41 udindo kudutsa dziko.

Kuwonjezera pa umuna zonse mpweya ndi utsi, chifukwa nambala kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'misewu, kwambiri ntchito amakampani, pali chinthu china chimene Zimalepheretsa zinthu zachilengedwe - ndi mwangozi zimatulutsa. Zitawonongeka, chithandizo chakale maofesi kukhala chimene oposa 40% ya anthu ndi matenda kupuma, za 5% - khansa.

Urban zachilengedwe

Ndicho, anthu okhala m'tawuni zambiri amadwala mphepo zoipa, kumwa madzi akuda, kusowa kwa mankhwala chakudya olembedwa kuti "Eco-wochezeka". M'mizinda ikuluikulu, monga Moscow, akuluakulu akuyesetsa kukhazikitsa chimango kwa mabizinesi kulenga masiku kuyeretsedwa zomera, modernize machitidwe kuchimbudzi ndi madzi. Chotero zochita za akuluakulu a boma akhoza kuukitsa likulu chaka chino 68 TH malo pa 33rd la mlingo wa kuipitsidwa mu ambiri kusanja m'mizinda dziko. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, zonsezi kosakwanira. Chilimwe chilichonse, anthu a m'mizinda ikuluikulu amadwala chifunga, utsi, kofunikira kwambiri mpweya mu mlengalenga.

Urban kukwawira ndi mkulu wa ndende anthu mu malo aang'ono akukumana zikutha m'mayiko zachilengedwe m'madera a m'tawuni. mfundo zosachitika pa mphamvu zopulumutsa ndipo sanali kugwilizana ndi malamulo mayiko pa chitetezo cha ntchito mafakitale komanso kuchepetsa muyezo wa chikhalidwe. Choncho, zinthu zachilengedwe la mzindawo ndi mantha.

Ndi chitsanzo chooneka bwino cha zimene zimachitika malo oipa angapezeke ndi kuyang'ana pa ziwerengero za matenda ubwana zaka zambirimbiri. A mkulu mlingo vuto lobadwa, matenda yotengedwa, ofooka chitetezo - izi ndi zenizeni, anakumana ndi tsiku.

Inde, ndi anthu akuluakulu a m'mizinda pali zifukwa nkhawa. Kutalika kwa moyo wa anthu ndi anthu a m'madera akugwa pansi gulu la zachilengedwe oipa, pafupifupi poyerekeza zaka 10-15.

Yosonkhanitsa, yobwezeretsanso ndi processing zinyalala

chilengedwe kuipitsidwa vuto zinyalala si chatsopano ndi padziko, kwenikweni. kuwononga nazo azimuth wakhala lotha ndi kumabweretsa kusintha mwadongosolo dziko mu manda ikulu. Pozindikira kuti mayendedwe kuti anthu ndi makampani kubala kuwononga chiyembekezo ichi pafupi, Ministry of the Environment waganiza kulenga malangizo atsopano pa ntchito yake. Ndicho gulu la malo zopereka, kusanja ndi yobwezeretsanso zoipa zosiyanasiyana akonzanso.

Mulimonsemo, West wakhala akupita ku nkhani zaka zingapo zapitazo. Chiwerengero cha zinyalala unprocessed iwo musalumphe 20%, pamene chithunzi ichi ndi kanayi kuposa mu Russia. Koma mapulani chidaliro cha utsogoleri dziko idzasintha ndipo pofika mu 2020 lidzafika yobwezeretsanso zonse ndi kukhazikitsa anayamba makampani ndi mphamvu. chiphunzitso ichi cha ntchito ndi okondwa kwambiri, chifukwa pa nkhani ya kukwaniritsidwa kwa zolinga wofuna timangokhala kwa mpata zachilengedwe ndipo zinthu m'dzikoli.

Masoka M'zaka zaposachedwapa

Padakali pano, tili kukolola mphoto ndi kukhala wokhutira ndi zimene tili nazo. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti momwe zinthu zikusinthira zachilengedwe chaka kuonongedwa ndipo kunachita mu malo osiyana, kusonyeza onse a dongosolo kudula chitetezo zachilengedwe.

Malinga ndi olimbikitsa, nthawi yotsiriza anthu a Russia anali kulimbana ndi mavuto m'madera osiyana a dziko. Choncho, mu dera Sverdlovsk, mu Zhelezyanke Mtsinje, kaperekedwe ka chitsulo ndi manganese m'madzi kuposa wakudziko ndi 22 25,000 nthawi, motero! Chiwerengerochi musataye kwa lingaliro wamba, ndi zinthu likuipiraipira. Ngakhale kuti Makonsolo kuchita kanthu.

Nthawi kawirikawiri ejection wa mafuta, nthawi yopanga ndi mayendedwe zitsanzo zake komanso kusonyeza zinthu zachilengedwe. Mafuta, mumapezeka mafuta pa madzi, kungachititse kuti imfa ya mbalame, nyama, kuipitsidwa kwa malo onse ndi pansi. The zinachitika pamene ngoziyi inkachitika ndi mafuta Pamadzi "Nadezhda" gombe la Sakhalin Island mu November chaka chino.

Zachilengedwe padziko lonse akuchenjeza chipulumutso cha Baikal. Kunyada kwa Russia posachedwa akhale gawo la chithaphwi. Contact ndi detergents ake madzi, madzi zinyalala ku sewers, amakwiya kwambiri algal limamasula. poizoni sikuti amaipitsa madzi ndi kukhala chifukwa cha kutha kwa zomera wapadera ndipo zosiyanasiyana zamoyo za m'nyanjayi.

Njira yothetsera mavuto a zachilengedwe

The zinthu zachilengedwe ku Russia amafuna alowererepo oyambirira. Chabe anaziika, umene tsopano ukugwira boma amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. The njira zazikulu zimene zili zoyenelera kukhala ikukhudzana bwanji ndi mwamtheradi misinkhu yonse ya anthu.

Nkofunika zilizonse mu nzika iliyonse ndizosowa chikhalidwe chilengedwe. Ndipotu, ngakhale malamulo abwino ndi akuluakulu a dongosolo sadzatha kuthana ndi vutoli, ngati si zimene zingachititse anthu. Nthawi zambiri izo zikugwira liquidation ngozi, kuyeretsa mabacteria m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mapaki, mawanga tchuthi kuti sangathe koma kondwerani.

Mawu oyamba a umisiri mphamvu imayenera paliponse, kuchokera m'nyumba makampani akuluakulu mafakitale - patsogolo kuti ayenera kuthetsedwa mu zaka kudza.

Mafunso a ntchito zachilengedwe, m'zigawo awo, kuchira sangathe silinayankhidwe. Kusiya kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo mwayi kulibe, muyenera kudalira kwathunthu pa kudziletsa chitsitsimutso cha chuma zachilengedwe. Munthu wosiyana anthu ena a dzikoli, m'pomveka Choncho, mtima muyenera kukhala osati kudya, komanso kulenga zinthu zabwino!