Zinaida Serebryakov: yonena ndi chithunzi

Zinaida Serebryakova - Russian wojambula, amene anakhala wotchuka mu zaka za m'ma 20, kudzikonda kwake chithunzi, wakhala nthawi yaitali ndipo lapadera moyo, zomwe anatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo Paris. Tsopano, mu Rute wa chachikulu Tretyakov Gallery chionetsero cha ntchito yake, ndifuna ndi kulankhula za moyo wake zolimba, zokwera ndi zotsika za tsogolo la banja lake.

Zinaida Serebryakov: yonena, ndi kupambana loyamba ndi chithunzi

Iye anabadwa mu 1884 ku banja lotchuka luso Benoit-Lancer, umene uli wotchuka kwa mibadwo ingapo wa Osema, amisiri, mapulani ndi analemba. ali mwana ankakhala ali wodabwitsa kulenga m'banja mokha wa banja lalikulu, anazungulira ake mwachikondi ndi chisamaliro.

Banja ankakhala St. Petersburg, ndi m'chilimwe nthawi zonse anasamukira ku munda Neskuchnoye pafupi Kharkov. Painting Zinaida Evgenevna Serebryakova kuphunzira patokha poyamba pa Mfumukazi Tenishcheva ku St. Petersburg, ndiye mu chithunzi O. Braz. Kenako iye anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku France ndi Italy.

Atabwerera ku Paris, chithunzicho akulowa anthu "The World wa Art" umabweretsa pamodzi amisiri a nthawi imeneyo, kenako wotchedwa Silver Age. Bwino oyamba anadza kwa iye mu 1910, pambuyo posonyeza kudzikonda kwake chithunzi "Pakuti chimbudzi" (1909), nthawi yomweyo anagula P. Tretyakov kwa zomera ndi.

kupenta limasonyeza mkazi wamng'ono wokongola amene waima patsogolo pa galasi, ukuchita m'mawa chimbudzi. maso ake mokoma mtima pa mbali wowerenga pambali pa tebulo anaika akazi nkhani zachabechabe: mabotolo wa mafuta, bokosi zodzikongoletsera, mkanda, mtengo ndi yosayatsa kandulo. Mu ntchito iyi, nkhope chithunzicho ndi maso likadali lodzaza ndi mnyamata mosangalala ndi dzuwa kufotokoza maganizo maganizo moyo otsimikiza.

Banja ndi ana

Ndi wina wake wosankhidwa anakhala ali mwana ndi unyamata, zonse zoyankhulirana ndi Neskuchnii, ndi St. Petersburg ndi banja lake Serebryakov achibale. Boris Serebryakov anali msuweni wake, iwo kukondana ubwana ena ndipo ndinalota kukwatiwa. Komabe, izi sizinayende kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pa mpingo yogwirizana mabanja. Izo zinali kokha mu 1905, pambuyo pangano ndi wansembe (300 rubles) achibale anatha kuwapatsa ukwati.

Zofuna angolowa kumene m'banja anali kwathunthu adzagonjetsa: Boris anali akukonzekera kukhala katswiri wa njanji, ndinkakonda chiopsezo, ndipo anafika kuchita mu Manchuria pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo, ndi Zinaida Serebryakova ankakonda kupenta. Komabe, iwo anali wodzala ndi amphamvu chikondi, kukonzekera moyo wam'tsogolo pamodzi.

moyo wawo anayambira pamodzi ndi ulendo Paris m'litali pa chaka, pamene wojambula anapitiriza kuphunzira kupenta pa Academy de A La Grande Chaumiere ndi Boris anaphunzira ku Sukulu ya Maphunziro a milatho ndi misewu.

Tikaonanso Neskuchnoye, chithunzicho ndi kugwira ntchito pa mitunda ndi zithunzi, ndi Boris akupitiriza kuphunzira pa Institute of Kulumikizana ndi kuchita zogona. Iwo anali anayi ana pogodok: choyamba, ana awiri aakazi awiri ndiye. M'zaka zimenezi, ana ake zoyenera ntchito zambiri zimene zimasonyeza zisangalalo za umayi ndi kukula ana.

Wotchuka kupenta "m'mawa," akunena za phwando banja m'nyumba, kumene akukhala chikondi ndi chimwemwe, chosonyeza ana patebulo, ozungulira nkhani zachabechabe zoweta. wojambula analemba zithunzi, iye ndi mwamuna wake, zina zachidule moyo zachuma Neskuchnii atamukoka m'mphawi wamba ntchito "whitening chinsalu", "Kololani" ndi ena. Anthu akumeneko kutikonda kwambiri Serebryakov banja, kulemekezedwa chifukwa cha luso lake kulima ndi wokondwa kuti awajambule chithunzi wojambula.

Kuukira ndi njala

The zochitika chosintha cha 1917 ndipo anadza kwa Neskuchnyi, kubweretsa moto ndi tsoka. Serebryakov uchikumbe yopsereza "Ankhondo a zisinthe," koma chithunzicho yekha ndi ana anakwanitsa kusiya kutuluka ndi thandizo la alimi m'deralo, amene anachenjeza iye ndipo n'kuyamba matumba ochepa a tirigu ndi kaloti. Serebryakovs anasamukira ku Kharkov kwa agogo. Boris mu miyezi anagwira ntchito katswiri m'misewu yoyamba Siberia, ndiye mu Moscow.

Samalandira nkhani iliyonse ndi mwamuna wake, nkhawa kwambiri kwa iye, Zinaida Serebryakov adzayang'ana kwa iye, kusiya ana kwa amake. Komabe, pambuyo kukumananso zawo m'njira Boris ankadwala Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi ndipo anamwalira mu mikono ya mkazi wake wachikondi. Zinaida ndekha ndi ana 4 ndi okalamba amayi mu njala Kharkov. Iye amagwira ganyu pa m'nyumbayi pofukula, kupanga zina zachidule ku zigaza za mbiri isanayambe ndi ndalama kugula chakudya cha ana.

Mavuto amangogwa "Nyumba ya Makadi"

Kupenta "Nyumba ya Makadi" Zinaida Serebryakova linalembedwa miyezi ingapo pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna wake, Boris, kumene wojambula moyo ku dzanja kukamwa ndi ana ndi mayi awo Kharkov, nakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri mwa ntchito zake. Mutu kwambiri pachithunzipa Serebryakov anazindikira monga fanizo la moyo wake.

Iwo anali utoto utoto mafuta, amene anali atsopano mu nthawi kuyambira ndalama zonse ntchito pa izo, kufa za banja njala. Moyo anakomoka ngati nyumba ya makadi. Ndipo kutsogolo kwa wojambula alibe chiyembekezo chilichonse mu kulenga komanso moyo, chinthu chachikulu panthawiyo anali - kupulumutsa ndi kudyetsa ana awo.

Moyo Petrograd

Mu Kharkov, kunalibe ndalama, ntchito malangizo kwa kupenta kotero wojambula mukuganiza kulimbikitsa banja Petrograd, kufupi ndi achibale ndi zachikhalidwe. Anaitanidwa kuti ntchito Petrograd zakale dipatimenti pulofesa pa Academy of Wabwino Tirhana, ndipo mu December 1920, banja lonse wakhala mu Petrograd. Komabe, ndi kuphunzitsa, iye anakana ntchito situdiyo wake.

Serebryakov utoto zithunzi, maganizo a Tsarskoye Selo ndi Gatchina. Komabe, ziyembekezero zake ndi moyo wabwino si zoona: ku likulu la kumpoto komanso njala, ngakhale pang'ono peels mbatata.

Osowa makasitomala Zinaida anathandiza kudyetsa ndi kulera ana, mwana wamkazi Tania anayamba kuphunzira choreography pa Mariinsky Theater. nyumba nthawi zonse zikubwera wamng'ono ballerina amene anafunsa kuti chithunzicho. Kotero angapo zojambula kuvina ndi nyimbo zinalengedwa, lomwe limasonyeza sylphs achinyamata ndi ballerina kubvala chopitira pa siteji mu sewerolo.

Mu 1924, akuyamba chitsitsimutso cha ntchito chionetsero. zojambula angapo Zinaidy Serebryakovoy pa chionetsero cha luso Russian anagulitsidwa ku America. Atalandira amalipiritsa, iye akusankha kuchoka kwa kanthawi ku Paris, ndalama kwa yokonza banja lake.

Paris. mu ukapolo

Kusiya ana ali ndi agogo awo Petrograd, Serebryakov akadzafika mu Paris mu September 1924 Komabe, moyo kulenga anali kulephera pano: Poyamba panali msonkhano zathu, malamulo ang'ono, ndalama amalowerera phindu kwenikweni, ndipo anthu izo akutumiza kwa Russia banja lake.

Mu mbiri ya wojambula Zinaida Serebryakova moyo mu Paris anasonyeza kuti zinasintha, ndipo pambuyo pake anali asanakhalepo anakhoza kubwerera kwawo, ndi ana ake awiri, amaona zaka 36 kenaka, atatsala pang'ono kuphedwa.

Nthawi yowala ya moyo wake mu France - apa pakubwera mwana wake wamkazi Kate, ndipo io anapita m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono a France ndi Switzerland, kupanga zina zachidule, mitunda, zithunzi za alimi m'deralo (1926).

Ulendo kuti Morocco

Mu 1928, pambuyo kulemba mndandanda wa zithunzi za wazamalonda Belgium, ndi ndalama Zinaida ndi Catherine Serebryakovs kupita pa ulendo wopita ku Morocco. Chidwi ndi kukongola kwa East, Serebryakov akupanga mndandanda wa maphunziro ndi ntchito, kujambula misewu kum'mawa ndi anthu am'deralo.

Back mu Paris, iye limakonza chionetsero cha "Morocco" ntchito, kusonkhanitsa nambala yaikulu ndemanga mwamphamvu, koma sanathe chirichonse. Onse anzanu taonera impracticality ake ndi kulephera kugulitsa ntchito zawo.

Mu 1932, Zinaida Serebryakova kachiwiri ulendo Morocco, akuchita izo aponso waona komanso malo. M'zaka zimenezi, iwo anali wokhoza kumatula mwana wa Alexander, amenenso anakhala zojambulajambula. Iye kuchita ntchito zokongoletsera, Interiors chokongoletsedwa ndi manufactures lampshades mwambo.

ana ake awiri, anafika ku Paris, amuthandize ndalama ndi kuchita mbali pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaluso ndi kukongoletsa.

Ana Russia

ana awiri a wojambula Eugene ndi Tatiana, anachoka mu Russia ndi agogo ake anali pikulu kakamwe na njala. nyumba zawo zinali ting'onoting'ono basi, ndipo iwo wotanganidwa chimodzi chokha chipinda ndi imene usavutike paokha.

Mu 1933, amayi ake E. N. Lansere anafa, sanathe kulimbana ndi njala ndi kusankhana ana anakhala okha. Iwo mwakula ndipo asankha monga kudzinenera kulenga: Jack anakhala munthu wamanga, ndipo Tatiana - wojambula mu bwalo lamasewera. Pang'onopang'ono iwo anapereka miyoyo yawo, atayamba mabanja, koma kwa zaka zambiri ndinalota kukumana ndi amayi wake, zonse kukutsogolerani m'makalata ake.

Mu 1930s ndi boma Soviet anam'pempha kuti kunyumba, koma zaka Serebryakov ntchito pa komishoni pawekha Belgium, ndiyeno Wachiwiri World nkhondo. Nkhondo itatha, iye anadwala kwambiri ndipo sanayese n'komwe kusuntha.

Only mu 1960, Tatyana anali kufika ku Paris kuona mayi ake, zaka 36 pambuyo kulekana.

Serebrya amasonyeza Russia

Mu 1965, pa m'firiji pamtunda ku Soviet Union anatenga kokha moyo munthu chionetsero Zinaida Serebryakova mu Moscow, ndiye iye anapita ku Kiev, ndi Leningrad. Wojambula panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 80 ndipo kubwera chifukwa iye analephera ukupeza, koma anali kwambiri wosangalala anakumbukira kunyumba.

chionetsero unachitikira ndi kupambana kwakukulu, kukumbutsa aliyense lalikulu aiwala wojambula amene wakhala zoyenera luso zachikhalidwe. Serebryakov watha, ngakhale zaka onse chipwirikiti cha zoyambirira za m'ma 20., Kuti tipeze kalembedwe anu. Masiku amenewo mu impressionism Europe kutsogozedwa, luso deco, umboni ndi mafunde zina.

ana ake, amene ankakhala naye France, ndipo anakhalabe wokhulupirika mpaka mapeto a moyo, chokonzedwa moyo wake ndiponso kuthandiza ndalama. Sanathe anabweretsa mabanja awo ndipo anakhala ndi iye kufikira imfa yake pa zaka 82, kenako bungwe zisudzo zake.

Z. Serebryakov m'manda mu 1967 mu manda a Saint Genevieve de A Bois ku Paris.

Chionetsero mu 2017

Zinaida Serebryakova chionetsero mu Tretyakov Gallery - waukulu mu zaka 30 lomaliza (200 zojambula ndi zojambula) anadzipereka kuti patha zaka 50 tili imfa ziboliboli, akuthamanga kuchokera April kuti mapeto a July 2017

retrospective Previous ya ntchito yake unachitikira mu 1986, anali ndiye ikuchitika ena ntchito, zomwe zinaonetsa kuti ntchito yake pa Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg ndi ang'onoang'ono zisudzo payekha.

Pa nthawi iyi, curators kwa maziko French Fondation Serebriakoff anasonkhana wambirimbiri ntchito kuti chionetsero chachikulu kuti M'CHAKA cha 2017 lisindikizidwa pa apansi 2 wa Engineering Corps zomera.

Retrospective ndi pa nthaŵi, kulola wowerenga kuona mzere osiyana kulenga ya wojambula Zinaida Serebryakova, kuchokera zithunzi oyambirira ndi ntchito za ovina kuvina ya Mariinsky Theater, omwe anapangidwa mu Russia mu 20s lapansi. zojambula ake onse chibadidwe emotionality ndi lyricism, timafuna zabwino moyo. Mu holo osiyana ntchito ndi zithunzi za ana ake.

Pansi lotsatira lili ntchito analengedwa mu Paris ku ukapolo, pakati pawo:

• mapanelo Belgium, mwambo zopangidwa Baron de A Brouwer (1937-1937), amene pa nthawi ina ankatengedwa akufa panthawi ya nkhondo;
• zina zachidule Morocco ndipo zithunzi, wolembedwa mu 1928 ndi 1932.
• zithunzi za kumayiko Russian, zimene zinalembedwa mu Paris;
• mitunda ndi maphunziro chilengedwe France, Spain ndi ena.

afterword

ana onse Zinaida Serebryakova anapitiriza miyambo kulenga ndipo anakhala amisiri ndi mapulani ntchito ku Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. mwana wamng'ono Serebryakova a - Catherine moyo wautali, pambuyo pa imfa ya mayi ake, iye zimayesetsa ntchito chionetsero ndi ntchito maziko Fondation Serebriakoff, anafa pa zaka 101 mu Paris.

Zinaida Serebryakova zoyenera miyambo ya luso chakale ndipo wapeza kalembedwe wake kupenta, kusonyeza chimwemwe ndi chidaliro, chikhulupiriro mu chikondi ndi mphamvu ya zilandiridwenso, yolanda mphindi ambiri okongola a moyo wake ndi chilengedwe.