Gzhel utoto zosiyanasiyana. Zinthu za kupenta Gzhel

mzinda Gzhel - likulu la munthu yotchuka zamanja luso la Russia. Ndi ili mu chigawo cha Moscow dera Ramenskoye. "Gzhel chitsamba" imafalira m'madera ambiri ndipo wapangidwa midzi 27 umene anthu zikugwira kupanga ndiponso kupenta katundu phale woyera ndi zadothi. Nkhani lokhudza Gzhelian mizu mwa 14 m'ma AD, pamene chinamasulidwa mu Moscow Kudinovskoe dongo gawo. Mu zigawo chapamwamba wa bodza "shirevka" - wofiira zinthu yosavuta pansipa anali zigawo yellow "ubweya" - dongo wa pafupifupi quality, ndipo potsiriza, kozama akutambasula tenderest "mylovka" - chabwino woyera dongo singasiyanitsidwe mfundo yopanga mkulu khalidwe mbiya ndi zadothi.

zofuna mankhwala

Panali dongo m'mofunika kuvala mbale ndi ziwiya zina za kukhitchini, osati koma anaonekera apothecary lamulo la mfumu, amene anakakamizika kupulumutsa onse a yotengedwa Gzhel dongo mu Moscow zosowa za dongosolo mankhwala. Komabe, patapita kanthawi pansi anatulukira minda ochepa ndiponso chuma woyera zinali zokwanira zosoŵa zonse likulu Russian ndi m'madera. Kuwonjezera ziwiya mankhwala ndi akanema tiyi amisiri mbuye chinkhoswe mu kupanga mankhwala luso. Zikuoneka Gzhel wowerengeka luso, wodziwika lero padziko lonse.

World kutchuka

Gzhel utoto dongosolo - chitsanzo anapanga owala utoto buluu cobalt pa maziko moyera-, mwamwambo - chinaperekedwa pa manja a ziwembu yosavuta zojambula ndi zamaluwa. Images pa malonda angathe kunyamula zochitika mu chikhalidwe, monga mkazi ndi ndowa kapena accordion, wazunguliridwa ndi kuvina m'mudzimo. Gzhel utoto dongosolo - ndi zambiri amajambulapo maluwa okongola zamaluwa, mobwerezabwereza pa otukukira kunja kapena concave padziko mankhwala.

Chizindikiro cha luso mkulu wa wojambula ndi ntchito semitones pamene likulu la chithunzi ladzala ndi wotumbululuka buluu zikwapu, ndi kuyandikira ku periphery wa fano limakhala kumawalabe. Maluwa Gzhelian chitsanzo - mwapadera kutanthauzira, iwo angathe kutsatira contours ya mbewu yeniyeni. Mu M'chithunzithunzi munakwanisa kuona pamakhala a, NYENJE, stamens, zimayambira ndipo ngakhale masharubu, amene amakhulupirirabe duwa wa anansi awo.

umisiri

Gzhel kupenta dongosolo imvera dongosolo makamaka kwa zojambula. Iwo akhoza Njira kapena m'magulu mosintha, koma Mulimonsemo, fano kusungidwa mu chiwembu makonzedwe. M'mafakitale kwa kupanga glassware ndi Tirhana na Timatheriyali kwa mbiya ndi dongo dongosolo Gzhel kupenta systematized. Pali laibulale, lomwe lili ndi zithunzi zambiri, luso ntchito pa ulimi. Image Mutu ambiri osiyanasiyana: zithunzi wodzichepetsa wa moyo wakumudzi nkhani Fairy ndi zilembo ochepa.

Modern kupenta Gzhel dongosolo ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale zingatanthauze, chimodzi-mtundu zojambula okha ndi wonyong'onya, ndipo izo zikutanthauza kuti osakaniza wokongola mtundu Musadikire. Koma Luso aluso omwe luso Mipikisano wosanjikiza anakuta a mitundu ndi mithunzi wochenjera, kodi zodabwitsa. Zamgululi Gzhel ambuye si wokongola kokha, komanso wapadera, chifukwa ntchito buku amafuna chimodzi chokha wapadera Mwachitsanzo.

mitundu

Ikani dongosolo Gzhel kupenta - wosakhwima ndi udindo luso. Cholinga chachikulu cha mbuye ndi ngakhale kufalitsa mitundu ndi mithunzi, kuti chithunzi kuti maonekedwe oyenera ndi ogwirizana. Aliyense mankhwala ndi zojambula pakati zikuchokera kumene zigawo zikuluzikulu chiwembu kapena zinthu mogwirizana uniformly masamba chokongoletsera. Nthawi zina, cobalt mitundu buluu ndi lowonjezera ndi mizere kukongoletsa a mtundu golide.

Childs, monga ochekenera umagwiritsidwa ntchito otchedwa fupa China. Izi zosiyanasiyana wapadera wa ceramic woyera ndi wochenjera kirimu mthunzi chokhala mtundu wa mkaka isungunuke. Bone China ndi pang'ono translucent, ndipo chuma cha aluso ntchito kupenta. Chithunzi ili kuti kukhala omasuka malo utoto. Ndiye kuyeretsa padziko mankhwala zazikulu anayamba kucheza ndi mtundu chitsanzo.

Zinthu za kupenta Gzhel

Mafanizo pa malonda buluu ndi zoyera nthawi zonse zayekha. Zimenezi zingakhale fano grotesque a zodabwitsa otchulidwa Fairy-nthano, kapena yozizira malo m'midzi. Osati chifukwa chakuti zadothi kapena China sikutheka kujambula chithunzi chenicheni, chifukwa mtundu wa anthu luso kalembedwe umamumvera malamulo ake, zomwe amasiyana ndi mankhwala. zamanja Russian yosiyanasiyana ake onse mosamalitsa m'gulu zokwanira. Kusokoneza mtundu wina wa luso ogwira lina kuli kovuta.

Mumadziwika ambuye Gzhel zonse kusintha zilandiridwenso, malonda awo ndi upamwamba polemba chinenero chimenechi. Izi zosemasema zimasungidwa mu kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale ndi zopereka paokha, iwo ndi mwayi wamtengo wapatali. Gzhel utoto mbale uyu kapena zinthu zina luso, ndi nthawizonse chidwi ndi wapadera. Osiyanasiyana mankhwala opangidwa ndi chomera tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zokambirana yaing'ono, zopanda malire.

Master Maphunziro "Gzhel utoto"

Kuphunzira luso kupenta ikuchitika pafupipafupi mu makalabu kuti muli otseguka kulikonse. Komabe, luso kujambula Gzhelian zosatheka popanda kudziwa mbiri ya luso limeneli wakale wowerengeka.

Pa siteji koyamba, ophunzira amayesera kubereka zithunzi kumodzi Gzhel kalembedwe pa pepala. Kuti tichite zimenezi, woyenera wamba zojambula pepala kapena mapepala wandiweyani zojambula. Utoto ayambe kutenga watercolor. Ngati Gzhel kupenta pa pepala kunapezeka, mukhoza kupita mu maziko choyambirira - ndi preform ceramic. Pa nthawi imeneyi, watercolors salinso zoyenera, ayenera weniweni cobalt buluu.

akanema

Patapita zaka 18-19 Gzhel mbale makamaka zikufunika kwambiri. Panapita kwambiri katundu kunja. Azungu anagula mbiya ndi dongo kupanga ndi Gzhel Russian utoto zedi yaikulu. Izo sizinali mpaka bola ngati Russian lachifumu bwalo sanakhale kasitomala yaikulu mafakitale onse kubala waika buluu ndi zoyera.

ankafuna Special la mfumu ndi anamuperekeza wake anasangalala utumiki wotchuka "Guryev" kwa anthu 150 pa mapwando lalikulu ndi maphwando. Pambuyo "Monomakh" ndi "Mfumu Atate" anthu 12 aliyense. Akanema inkakhala nkhani 84, kuyambira ndi tureens yaikulu mpaka saucers kwa kupanikizana. Popular anali waika yaing'ono "Tete-a-Tete" awiri ndi "Egoist", anaikira wokonda dinnerware wokongola.

kuchepa

Mu 20 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo pakhala kuchepa kupanga Gzhel. Alamu woyamba adawomba okha woumba, amene anachenjeza kuti ngati sitisintha, miphika ndi zikho posachedwapa kugula kunja. Mwamwayi, iwo akhala akumveka, zomera achita mphamvu yatsopano, ndipo mu 1933 mabizinezi makamaka lalikulu anatenga bwino uliri chotero faience, zadothi ndi zina "Gzhel chitsamba" anapitiriza ikuyenda kumsika Russian, kenako kunja .

wotchuka mfiti

Gzhel chosiyana ndi mankhwala sangathe kutenga maso anu, ndi zina ndi wopanda chidwi. Zachitikiranji zimenezi? Muyezo waukulu umene Mzimuyo khalidwe Gzhel zoumbaumba kuphunzira zambiri za chithunzicho. The zambiri fano limachokera, zojambula wapatali kwambiri. Akatswiri Gzhel bwino ntchito za ambuye kwambiri nthawi yathu. Okhometsa kugula okha ntchito zawo zakale ndi malo chionetsero amagwiritsidwa kuyesera kupeza yekha luso zinthu.

Mwa ojambula zithunzi wotchuka - Denisov, Dunashova, Okulov, Azarov, Rozanov ndi Tsaregorodtseva. Kwambiri mankhwala Ni Bessarabova kusungidwa mu Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg ndi Historical Museum mu Moscow. katswiri ambirimbiri anamwazikana padziko lonse, onse a iwo ali mu zopereka payekha ndi tambirimbiri.

Iwo wakhala mwambo wabwino kutsegula masitolo kugulitsa Gzhel luso mankhwala pa mafakitale yotulutsa ntchito izi luso. Kufunika kwa buluu ndi zoyera kukongola akadali mkulu ndi kachitidwe kunsi si. Gzhel zidzakuyenderani bwino bola ngati pali mobisa miyala ya dongo woyera, ndi akatundu ake masiku ano sizidzatha.