Wojambula Vasily Polenov: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Theka lachiwiri la zana la 19 anali heyday wa kupenta Russian. Mmodzi wa akuluakulu a gulu la ojambula zithunzi chabwino cha nthawi iyi Vasily Polenov, amene zojambula amenewo akukantha Kuzindikira ndi chilakolako "kupereka chisangalalo ndi chimwemwe." Mawu otsiriza a zojambulajambula ndi ndi Mwambi ntchito yake ndi moyo, umboni ndi yonena za chithunzicho.

makolo

Tsogolo wojambula wotchuka anabadwa mu chikhalidwe ndithu olemera m'banja lolemera mu 1844. atate wake, wotchedwa Dmitry Polenov, ankadziwika monga katswiriyo chidwi ndi bibliographer. Amayi, Maria A., nee Voeikova, anaphunzira kupenta ndi kulemba mabuku a ana. Anali mwana wa Vera Nikolaevna mikango kuti pambuyo pa imfa oyambirira a makolo ake ndipo anakulira m'banja mu banja Derzhavin.

ubwana

Polenov Vasili Dmitrievich anakhala mwana mu St. Petersburg, koma banja lake zambiri amapita kwa dzinja mu Olonets Gawo ndi malo m'chigawo Olshanka Tambov, a agogo a chithunzicho. Vera kuchilemekeza adzukulu ndipo ankakonda kuchereza iwo, kuwauza epics, nthano ndi nthano. Komanso bwino Russian ndi European ndakatulo Choncho, zatenganso mbali kutchukitsa kukoma luso la Vasey yaing'ono. Koma chiyambi cha chikondi chake cha zithunzi, ndi kupenta ndi ana nawo amayi. Anaumirira kuti mkazi walemba anamkungwi kwa Basil ndi wamng'ono wamkazi Helen. Monga mphunzitsi, anaitanidwa Chistyakov, amene panthawiyo iye anaphunzira pa Academy of Wabwino Tirhana. Likufanana ndi ichi, mnyamatayo anapita ku sukulu ndipo anasonyeza changu chachikulu cha kwa akuphunzira.

studentship

Mu 1863 Vasily Polenov sukulu ya sekondale pamodzi ndi mng'ono wake Alex analembetsa ku St. Petersburg University mu Physics ndi Masamu luso. Komabe, chikondi cha kupenta anali wamphamvu kumulakalaka sayansi, ndi madzulo mnyamata anapezeka pa Academy of Tirhana. Komanso, achinyamata Polenov ankakonda nyimbo, iye wakhala mlendo kawirikawiri nyumba zisudzo ndi ngakhale ankaimba nawo wophunzira kwaya ya Academy.

Posakhalitsa, mnyamatayo anatenga wa Sabata pa yunivesite anaikira nthawi yake kupenta. Mu 1867 Vasily Polenov maphunziro Academy of Tirhana. Pa nthawi yomweyo analandira Mendulo siliva wa sewero ndi zojambula.

Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, mnyamata anabwerera ku University, koma anasintha mphamvu ndipo anayamba kuphunzira malamulo.

Tinakumana ndi Repin

Mu 1869 Vasily Polenov anali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu kuti golide Mendulo wa Academy of Tirhana. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, izo utoto "Yobu ndi anzake." Iye analandira mphoto kakang'ono, ndipo anam'patsa kupitiriza kuchita nawo mpikisano. ntchito yatsopano anali kulenga zojambula "The Kulera mwana wamkazi wa Yairo," ndipo mdani wa wojambula wamng'ono anali Ivan Repin.

Zotsatira zake zinali zosayembekezereka machesi: ambuye onse burashi anapereka ntchito kwambiri kuti loweruza kupereka mendulo lawo lalikulu golide ndi ulendo ku Ulaya.

Mu 1872 Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich Repin kaye tapita ku Germany, ndiye mu Italy ndi ku Paris. Likulu la France kotero chidwi chithunzicho, kuti anasankha kukhala pamenepo. Mu Paris, aulesi kwambiri kulemba kupenta "The amangidwe wotchuka d'Etremon", umene, atabwerera ku Russia, iye anali kupereka mutu wa academician. talente zojambulajambula akhala anayamikira, ndipo akuluakulu a m'banja lachifumu. Mu 1876 anaikidwa bwalo zojambulajambula ndipo anapita kwa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo, umene unali pa mlingo wa Tsesarevicha Aleksandra.

Moscow nthawi

Pochokera zamasewero ku nkhondo, Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich anakakhala Moscow ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa pa Sukulu ya Moscow wa Painting, Chithunzi ndi Zomangamanga. Kumeneko, ophunzira ake anali Levitan, Korovin, I. Ostroukhov, Arkhipov, E. Tadevosyan ndi Golovin.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, chithunzicho yekha walemba, ndi mu 1877 anapereka ntchito yake "Moscow Yard" pa 6 TH oyendayenda chionetsero. Chithunzi anali bwino loti, ndi Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich anamuzindikira monga woyambitsa wa mtundu wanyimbo latsopano, otchedwa ndi otsutsa "malo wolimba".

Chinanso yofunika kwambiri Moscow nthawi ya moyo chithunzicho chinali maganizo ake kuti agwirizane ndi Wanderers, pakati pawo nthawi iye anali abwenzi ambiri.

mutu m'Baibulo

The Old Testament ndi nkhani Mkhristu kuchokera pano kuyambira mu ntchito za Polenov. Kupeza kudzoza mu zaka 1881-1882 chithunzicho anapita ku malo m'Baibulo, mu Middle East. Iye anapita Constantinople, Syria, Palestine ndi Egypt. Kuchokera wojambula oyendayenda Polenov Vasily anabweretsa zina zachidule ndipo zithunzi za kupenta "Khristu ndi Wochimwa" komanso ntchito, olembedwa pansi kuganiza za zimene anaona. Ena mwa anthu amenewa anasangalala Pavla Tretyakova, amene anapeza zojambula kwa deta yake.

chifaniziro cha Khristu

Mu 1883, wa zojambula ndi mkazi wake anapita ku Italy. Pali anapitiriza ntchito pa kupenta "Khristu ndi Wochimwa", amene anapereka kwa anthu pa chionetsero cha 15 cha Wanderers. Lona analenga furor, ndi cholinga chakuti iye owonetsera zakale wake, anati Mfumu Alexander III amene sankafuna wojambula kuyambira Chirasha Turkey nkhondo.

Mu 1888 Polenov Vasiliy Dmitrievich analemba wina kupenta wotchuka pa mutu m'Baibulo - "Pa Tiberiya (Genesarete) nyanja." Pa lona latsopano, iye ankafotokozedwa Khristu - munthu ndi mtundu yamakedzana ya munthu ndi mawonekedwe a tchire, koma osati wodwalayo. Komanso yofunika "wosewera" chithunzi anali malo, chojambulidwa pa zina zachidule yotentha ndi wojambula kuchokera chikhalidwe paulendo ku Middle East.

Moyo Behovo

Mu 1890 Vasily Polenov, amene yonena ndi mndandanda wa kupambana, anaganiza zochoka ku likulu ndi kusamukira ku dera Tula. Pali pa gombe la Oka, anamanga nyumba. Yomangira waukulu adaonjezeredwa zokambirana pambuyo imene Polenov anaphunzitsa kujambula ana a kumidzi. Yachokera zojambulajambula anapereka dzina la malo Borok ndipo anayamba kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti m'kupita inasanduka National Museum.

Vasily Polenov: "Golden Yophukira"

Mitundu ya zitaganya Borok anapambana mtima wa mmisiri. Iwo anali nkhani ya ntchito, lomwe 1890s oyambirira analemba Vasily Polenov. "Golden Yophukira" amatenga malo apadera pakati pawo. Pa nsalu limasonyeza banki ya Oka, thonje ndi birches mu ulemerero wowala. pachithunzipa ndi anasonyeza pa m'nyumbayi-munda "Polenovo" (zakale munda "Borok") ndi n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi malo oyambirira omwe analemba Vasily Polenov ( "atachuluka Pond", "Old Mill", etc.).

pambuyo 1917

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma Polenov anatenga mbali mu gulu la gulu sewero munda Borok ndi ntchito ndi mnyamata wamba.

Pa nthawi yomweyo iye analemba kupenta "Chigumula pa Oka", omwe anakhala imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino za nthawi okhwima a ziboliboli.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1924, polemekeza chikumbutso 80th wa wojambula mu Tretyakov Gallery unapangidwa bungwe payekha chionetsero cha ntchito ndi Vasily Dmitrievich. Ambiri, boma la Soviet anali yabwino kuti chithunzicho. Makamaka mu 1926 wa zojambula anali kupereka mutu wa Chithunzi Anthu a RSFSR. Ambiri mwina, ichi chinali chifukwa akufunitsitsa Polenov ndi m'zonse kulimbikitsa ntchito zachifundo maphunziro anthu ngakhale pa nthawi imene anali akuchita ndi nthumwi zochepa za anzeru Russian.

July 18, 1927 pa zojambulajambula anafa. chithunzicho anaikidwa pa magombe a Oka, anakhazikitsa munda moyandikana Borok.

"Polenovo"

Mu 1931, boma la Soviet anaganiza kukhazikitsa Museum ku munda Borok. Iwo anadzatchedwa mu Polenovo, ndipo kumeneko kusunga mkati, zimene zakhala moyo ziboliboli. Pali nthawi zonse unachitikira zochitika chidwi chikhalidwe ndi zojambula anasonyeza wa zojambulajambula wotchuka.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zochitika zazikulu za mbiri ya V. Polenov ndi mbiri ya ena yofunika kwambiri ya ntchito zake, zomwe zili m'gulu la katswiri wa luso Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19.