Arkhip Kuindzhi: yonena ndi ntchito

Ndi chodabwitsa khama wopemphapempha mnyamata-Greek amene anthu ambiri ayesetsa kuwawononga anakhala kunyada kwa kupenta Russian. Mwachidule yonena Kuindzhi limasonyeza talente zapadera, kudzipereka ndi waumataya moyo wa zojambulajambula kwambiri.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Ndinadabwa ndi kale mwatsatanetsatane kuti sikupatsa tsiku lenileni la kubadwa Kuindzhi. Wambiri akuyamba ndi kusinthasintha - kaya 1841, kapena 1842. Zilibe kanthu, koma ndi zachilendo. Mu chimodzimodzi zapadera bwanji kumasulira dzina lake, lomwe kutanthauza osula golidi, m'zochita zake zonse monga zojambulajambula a. Arkhip anali amasiye oyambirira. Iye analeredwa abale osauka. Kuphunzira popanda khama, iye mopitiriza anagwiritsa ntchito nyenyeswa zonse za pepala, zomwe chinafikadi m'manja.

Umphawi ndi umphawi anakakamizika iye kudyetsa atsekwe, mlandu kalaliki njerwa ntchito, kenako wamalonda mkate. Koma panali ludzu kwa utoto, ndipo atatero Feodosia. 14 wazaka Kuindzhi, amene yonena wayamba chabe, anafuna kukhala wophunzira wa I. kwambiri K. Ayvazovskogo. Koma sanatero - anapatsidwa yekha pogaya penti ndi kujambula mpanda. Iye anabwerera ku nyumba kwake ndipo anakhala retoucher Mariupol - osati penti, koma zofanana. Mpaka zaka 24, anathamangira pamodzi Black Sea gombe, ntchito zonse zofanana.

Petersburg

Palibe akhadikhira ndi lotseguka manja Kuindzhi Academy of Tirhana. Wambiri mwa St. Petersburg anayamba zoyesayesa za zinalephereka kuphunzira mkulu luso. Si analandira mu Academy. Koma patapita zaka zitatu, iye anajambula chithunzi anasonyeza pa chionetsero Academy. Apa iye potsiriza munazindikira, iye anali kupereka udindo wa wojambula free, ndipo ngakhale anavomereza kuti mayeso mu zapaderazi lapansi. Ife analandira dipuloma Kuindzhi yonena amatilimbikitsa ankadziwa ndi Wanderers. Mu 1875 iye anasonyeza ntchito yake "Milky kapepala mu Mariupol." Si ngakhale kuti Kuindzhi, zomwe ife azipereka pa msinkhu ntchito paokha. Ndi khalidwe la Wanderers zimathandizadi chinsalu: a mtundu wachisoni, kuwoloka matope. Onse anauziridwa ndi mutu wa moyo chiyembekezo cha anthu, amene anakonda Wanderers. Koma iye anali aona, kukhulupirira nokha ndi kupanga kuchoka ku "Partnership" Kuindzhi, amene yonena akadali wosakhazikika, kusiya zina zachidule kumpoto.

chitukuko

Iye amalenga mitunda "pa Valaam Island", "Ladoga", umene kukopa chidwi cha anthu. Arkhip Kuindzhi, amene yonena ali likutukuka, angakwanitse kukwatira bwenzi wake wokondedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Patatha chaka chimodzi anasonyeza chithunzi wakulowererani osati omvera, koma ngakhale anakumana ojambula anzathu - "Chiyukireniya usiku". Ndi zowoneka kuti kusintha zonse luso, zosowa luso chibadidwe iye yekha. Tsopano Kuindzhi anayamba kuganiza za chirichonse - ndi mitu ndi kalembedwe kulemba, kukhala zipambano zawo, kwambiri kuphunzira utoto mtundu ndi kuyatsa zotsatira, kusangalala zisudzo chawo chabwino. Mu 1878 pa chionetsero mu Paris, komwe Kuindzhi anafika ndi mkazi wake wamng'ono, iye anadabwa ndi French anthu chionetsero cha ntchito zake. Kwambiri ndipo ufuluwo kwambiri chosiyana Russian zojambulajambula. Mu chaka chomwecho anayamba ntchito imene ntchito zaka 23 - ". Madzulo mu Ukraine" Mu France, anaphunzira Impressionism ndi muulamuliro wake kenako kulemba malo atatu - ". Pambuyo mvula" "North", "Birch Grove" ndipo Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala zankhanza, ngati abscess ndi, linanena bungwe la "Association ya Wanderers" chinachitika, ndipo kenako Kuindzhi poyera kupenta chimodzi - ". Moonlit Night pa Dnieper Mtsinje" Zinali kuphulika. M'pake kuti ambiri wojambula ayesa mitundu ndi chiwalitsiro zimene anachita pa kuonetsa wapadera, kunachita mdima chipinda ndi kusonyeza chinsalu wake ndi kuwala. Koma umbuli zimapangidwira wachita njomba zauve ndi mankhwala - kuchokera nthawi utoto anali mdima ndipo tsopano izo sizimapanga kuganiza koyamba, koma zabwino.

Izi kale msinkhu wina ntchito, chithunzicho anabadwa nzeru zapamwamba - Arhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi. Wambiri limatiuza za mawunikidwe lake zoona zenizeni za njira zina kuchifotokoza pa lona. Iye amafuna kuti azindikire kuti dziko zakuthupi. Kumbukirani kuti kamodzi pang'ono wophunzitsidwa, osati maphunziro Academy of Wabwino Tirhana pafupifupi wopemphapempha amasiye. Pamaso mzimu uliwonse nsonga ndi talente ndi khama munthu akhoza kukwera!

zachinsinsi

M'zaka 1881-1882 Kuindzhi bungwe zisudzo awiri, amene amanena za "Birch Grove", bingu mokweza mwa anthu okonda zojambulajambula ndi "Dnepr m'mawa." Apa ntchito uyu wagwidwa mosamala kwambiri. Kenako, zojambulajambula pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri kuchokera moyo pagulu. Mafotokozedwe a seclusion ngati munthu wotchuka, monga wojambula Kuindji yonena sangapereke. Pa pachimake wake, iye akutsikira pamaso pa anthu ndi otsutsa.

ntchito Wekha

Kuindzhi ntchito, kupanga mitundu yatsopano imene ayenera kukhala m'khola ndipo sasintha mtundu awo pa nthawi ndi mchikakamizo cha mpweya. Iye analemba ntchito zambiri, kuyang'ana kunjira ina stylistic. Mu 1886 anagula malo mu Crimea, kumene, ali ndi mkazi wake ndi ana asukulu ntchito mu miyezi yotentha, kutsatira chitsanzo cha Impressionists panja ndipo analemba "nyanja ndi gombe. Crimea "," nyanja. Malinga ndi maganizo a phiri Demerdzhi. Crimea "," Crimea. Yayla "," phiri otsetsereka. Crimea "ndi zina zambiri. Ndi pagona Kuindzhi, wodzazidwa ndi kuwala, dzuwa ndi mchere mphepo mwa nyanja bata.

Caucasus

Mu 1888, pa kuyitana kwa mmodzi wa Wanderers Kuindzhi ndinapita kukaona Caucasus ndikubwezeretsedwanso zidindo atsopano ndipo zithunzi, ntchito imene anapitiriza mu St. Petersburg. Wamkulu Caucasus anasonyeza, kulemba mndandanda wa zojambula: "Elbrus tsiku", "Elbrus. Moonlit Night "," nsonga achisanu "," nsonga chipale chofewa. Caucasus ". Iyi ndi yochepa mndandanda wa ntchito zake, zimene iye amatanthauzira ukulu nthanthi ya dziko loyandikira. Ndi zosiyana kwathunthu, latsopano ndi mwaukadaulo, ndi internally Kuindzhi pamene zinaphatikizidwa ndi chikondi nzeru za anthu. Otsutsa ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi nthawi Caucasus Kuindzhi mukopedwe ntchito N. K. Reriha ku HimalayasI. Ndipotu Caucasus Kuindzhi wophiphiritsa. Izi ndi abwino apamwamba n'kosatheka, inakutidwa wokongola nthawi yomweyo.

chionetsero latsopano

Mu 1901, chithunzicho ukatuluka mwa seclusion ndi kusonyeza abwenzi ndi ophunzira ntchito unayambika zaka makumi awiri ndi zitatu zapitazo - "Night ku Ukraine", komanso ntchito za Khristu kuti "mu Getsemane" (1901), "Birch Grove" (1901). Ambiri, nthawi imeneyi chithunzicho walenga ena mazana asanu ntchito. M'zaka zimenezi, iwo adzala ndi maganizo a Moscow ku Mpheta Hills. Kutenga phunziro lathu, izo kwathunthu anayamba izo, ndiyeno anatembenukira kwa ena, amalenga zogwirizana angapo zojambula popanda kubwereza ndi zodabwitsa, pamene inu muyang'ana pa ntchito yake pa mndandanda. N'zosadabwitsa osiyanasiyana osati ulusi komanso njira zawo mtundu.

Anapanga Kuindzhi chionetsero kamodzinso anatsogolera omvera mu boma kogwidwa, anapitanso za izo kutsutsana ndi kuyankhula, koma chithunzicho kamodzinso kutsekedwa. The zifukwa khalidwe Kuindzhi mwachidule mbiri, mofanana ndi anzake, sangathe kupereka. Mwina chithunzicho chinali ndatopa zopanda pake, chifukwa iye anali usinkhu wa zaka makumi asanu. Komabe, ndi mfundo iyi si kwambiri, koma kenako anamva pang'ono mosiyana.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

zaka khumi Kuindzhi analenga nsalu yatsopano. An mwaluso mtheradi wa nthawi - chithunzi "Rainbow". Ilo liri mu Russian Museum. Pa chidutswa Kuindzhi ntchito kwa zaka zisanu. Pamodzi kwakukulu kwambiri, alibe zakolosivshegosya munda intricately meandering msewu. Pamwamba pawo pagona kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili atagwira tsamba thambo ndi utawaleza wothwanima. Onse lophweka, koma kuphweka izi wapatsidwa luso lalikulu chidwi ndi maganizo athu. Zinalembedwa kale "Red Sunset" ndi "Night" (1905-1908).

imfa ziboliboli

Kuyambira m'chilimwe cha 1910 mu Crimea, iye anadwala ndi chibayo. Tsopano akuopseza matenda kwa nthawi yaitali amene kumatha kulephera anthu. Ndiyeno panali palibe mankhwala. Ndi chilolezo cha madokotala kusamalira mkazi wachikondi kusamutsidwa wodwalayo St. Petersburg, koma khama madokotala kuti sanathandize. Sanathe kulimbana ndi mtima woipa, ndipo anamwalira mu July 1910. Tsopano manda ake pa Tikhvin manda pa Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

chikondi

Potuluka pansi unsecured la anthu, chithunzicho, mwamsanga pamene ndalama kulola zitsulo, anayamba chikondi, kulipira ndalama yaikulu masiku amenewo (zana, zana ndi makumi asanu zikwi) ndi Academy of Tirhana ndi Society of ojambula. A. I. Kuindzhi chifukwa mphoto pachaka. The anthu omwewo anapereka chuma chake mu Crimea. monga wojambula iye ndi mkazi wake anali okhutira ndi ang'ono, tinkakhala chabe ndi modzichepetsa. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, iye analandira anatumizidwa Antropov penshioni, ndi chuma chake chonse anagawira pakati pa abale a chithunzicho ndi Society of ojambula.

Njira yovuta ya moyo anali Arkipo Kuindzhi. Mwachidule yonena amalankhula luntha zapadera, kudzipereka ndi waumataya moyo wa zojambulajambula kwambiri.