Zemclunika: mitundu, zizindikiro za kubzala ndi kusamalira

Zemclunika, kapena Fragaria, amatanthauza mabulosi. Chikhalidwe, monga kale poyera kuchokera ku dzina lake, chinatengera makhalidwe a onse strawberries ndi strawberries. Zipatso zake ndi zonunkhira ndi zazikulu. Chomera ichi ndi chopangidwa ndi munthu. Palibe paliponse mu chilengedwe mpaka zaka za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri sizikumana ndi zemluknik.

Kufotokozera

Panali chikhalidwe chodabwitsa ichi m'dziko lathu chifukwa cha khama la akatswiri a Biryulyovo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera zokhudzidwa, iwo kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri za zana la makumi awiri chifukwa cha mungu wobiriwira wa munda sitiroberi wamkazi maluwa a sitiroberi ali ndi ana abwino. Wosakanizidwa sagonjetsedwa ndi kubereka mbewu. Chomeracho chimasiyana ndi nyengo yake yozizira yolimba, ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo imakondweretsa wamaluwa ndi chokoma, zonunkhira, zonunkhira zipatso.

Mitengo ikuluikuluyi imakhala ndi zitsamba zazikulu komanso zokongola kwambiri. Zambiri zimayambira. Mavitaminiwo samakhudza pansi, amawombera bwino ndipo samakhala aukhondo, choncho sagwiridwa kwambiri ndi imvi zowola, ndipo zokolola zokolola ngakhale mvula imachepetsedwa. Ma Zemluniks amakhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, chomera chikuwoneka chokondweretsa, ngati kuti chikuvala chipewa choyera. Zipatso, kucha, kutenga mawonekedwe oblong. Iwo amajambula mu mtundu wofiira kapena burgundy ndipo amakhala ndi nsalu yofiirira. Mosamala, kuchuluka kwawo kuli kodabwitsa. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi mungathe kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu mazana atatu a zipatso zobiriwira. Zipatso zimanyamula bwino ndipo zimakhala zosavuta zachilendo ndi fungo la muscat.

Zizindikiro za kukwera

Zokha ngati zizindikiro zonse za Zemluknik zikuwonetsedwa, ndemanga za zomwe ziri zabwino zokha, zidzakondweretsa wamaluwa ali ndi zipatso zokoma zokwanira. Musanadzalemo, nkofunika kukonzekera nthaka. Choyamba, m'mabowo ayenera kupanga feteleza wa mchere ndi organic feteleza. Kuwonjezera apo nthaka iyenera kusamalidwa bwino. Chomera zemluniku ikhoza kumera kapena kumapeto kwa chirimwe, pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira. Komabe, akatswiriwa amaona kuti njira yoyamba ndiyo yabwino kwambiri. Monga tanenera kale, chikhalidwe ichi ndi choopsa kwambiri, kotero kubzala zobzala kwa wina ndi mzake sikungakhale pafupi kwambiri. Masentimita makumi anayi - malo osiyana kwambiri pakati pa tchire la mbewu, monga zemlunika. Mbande m'nthaka zikhoza kuikidwa zonse mu checkerboard chitsanzo ndi pa mabedi awiri.

Chisamaliro

Chikhalidwe chachikulu choti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndi kusankha kwa malo. Malo oti mubzala mbewu ayenera kukhala omasuka, okonzeka. Ngati pali mthunzi wa padera, ndiye kuti zipatso zingapo zingathe kumangirizidwa, ndipo sizilawa zokoma ndi zonunkhira. Pankhaniyi, zipatsozo zidzatha masabata awiri kenako. Zemclunika imafuna kusamala mosamala. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndiyo kudya. Zikuganiza kuti pali nthawi zitatu zomwe umuna umakhala wofunikira: nthawi isanakwane komanso maluwa, ndipo pambuyo pa zipatso.

M'dzinja zomera zimayenera kutetezedwa m'nyengo yozizira, komabe pokhapokha ngati pali chisanu chochepa m'dera lino. Ngati pali mvula yambiri, musadandaule. Monga malo obisalamo, lapnik nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Gawo lina lofunikira pa chisamaliro cha zemklunikoy ndi kuchotsedwa kwa antenna. Ngati izi sizingatheke, zipatsozo zingakhudzidwe ndi zovunda zakuda. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhudza chikhalidwe, kukula pa nthaka ndi chinyezi. Kuthirira zemkluniku kuyenera kukhala nthawi zonse, makamaka nthawi ya chilala.

"Penelope"

Izi zimakhala zoyambirira, nyengo yozizira-yolimba komanso yopambana kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe zimakhala ndi chitumbuwa chamdima ndi violet hue wa zipatso zokoma. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi fungo lapadera ndi thupi lachifundo. Gulu la Zemclunika "Penelope" pachimake choyamba kutulutsa chitsamba kufika mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu magalamu. Mtundu umenewu unapezeka chifukwa chodutsa strawberries ndi strawberries "Milanese", yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri. Poyang'ana ndemanga, zemklunika "Penelope" imabweretsa mofulumira kwambiri. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo muli kale pafupi ndi makumi awiri. Zomerazi zimadalira chinyezi, ambiri amaluwa amakula m'madera ochepa. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi kampukuti njira kukula tchire kwathunthu kuphimba bedi, kotero nthaka nthawizonse yonyowa. Komabe, m'nyengo youma, kuthirira madzi okwanira n'kofunika. Izi ndi zofunika kuti zipatso zikhale zazikulu, ndi zokolola - zowonjezera.

Zemclunik "wamalonda"

Pazinthu zosiyanasiyanazi, alimi a ku Russia aphunzira posachedwapa. Ngakhale zili choncho, "wamalonda" wamakampani wakhala atchuka kwambiri. Ndizochokera kwa obereketsa ku Russia ochokera ku Kokinsky VOSTIP. Olemba a mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa amatsimikizira kuti "wamalonda" adasonkhanitsa makhalidwe abwino a "makolo" awo, ndipo mwazigawo zina zoposa iwo. Izi zlakklunik pafupifupi zopanda pake. Chimodzimodzinso ndi strawberries ndi nkhalango ya sitiroberi. Poganizira ndemanga, mawu awa ndi oonadi. Chifukwa chophwanyidwa, European muscat strawberries ndi lalikulu-fruited munda strawberries ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa. Mitundu ya Zemclunika "wamalonda" ikugwirizana bwino ndi makhalidwe omwe abambo amalimanga. Iye ali ndi tchire lamphamvu ndi yayitali. Masamba atatu a masamba obiriwira amakula mpaka masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu.

Mitundu ya Zemclunika "wamalonda" akhoza kuponya peduncles khumi ndi zisanu ndi zina, zomwe zimakongoletsa pafupi maluwa khumi oyera, omwe ali ndi chikasu chowala. Pamene chomera chimamasula, masamba ali pafupifupi osawonekera. Peduncles a zlokluniki a zosiyanasiyana ndi amphamvu ndi wandiweyani: amatha kupirira yokwanira okolola yokolola. Zipatso za "wamalonda" ndi zazikulu, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita asanu ndi limodzi ndi kulemera kwa magalamu makumi awiri ndi asanu. Zimakhala zofukiza, zojambula mu ruby-burgundy zokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Maonekedwe awo ndi achilendo kwambiri. Poganizira ndemanga, izi ndi zomwe zimakopa wamaluwa ambiri. Nthaŵi zina "wamalonda" ali ndi mabala oblong ndi nyanga zitatu ndi ziwiri. Choyamba cha izo ndi zazikulu kwambiri zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kale pakati pa June, pamene maluwa mapesi akuyamba kutayidwa kunja kwa mabedi omwe amayandikana nawo kumene kawirikawiri sitiroberi imakula. Mavuto a nyengo sizimakhudza zokolola. Chomera chirichonse chingapereke kwa mazana anayi magalamu a zokoma ndi zonunkhira zipatso.

"Mphatso" zosiyanasiyana

Mtundu uwu ndi wosakanizidwa wa strawberries ndi strawberries. Icho chimapirira mokwanira kutentha ndi chisanu. Zemclunika zosiyanasiyana "mphatso" zimakondweretsa wamaluwa ndi zipatso zazikulu, kufika kulemera kuposa makumi asanu magalamu. Iwo ali ndi kukoma kokoma kwa muscat ndipo mwachizolowezi samapweteka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri samagwa pansi. Zemclunika "mphatso" - ndipamwamba kwambiri ya "wotchuka" wamtundu wotchuka. Kukolola komweko kwa zipatso pa izo kumachitika mofanana mofanana ndi masiku awiri kale. Mphuno ya zipatso za "mphatso "yi ndi yowonjezereka kwambiri.

Raisa

Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi yofiira yamdima ndi zipatso zofiira, zokhala ndi masentimita 8 mpaka khumi. Kukoma kwawo kumalamulidwa ndi olemera sitiroberi kukoma. Zemklunika "Raisa" chomera champhamvu kwambiri. Zojambula zake zimapamwamba kuposa masamba. Mnofu wa chipatsocho ndi wofiira wa chitumbuwa, ndi wambiri komanso umakhala wowerengeka. Zipatso zachitsamba zili pamtunda wautali m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, choncho zimakhala zosavuta kusonkhana. Raisa ali ndi maluwa okwatirana okhaokha, amodzi obiriwira komanso odula kwambiri, omwe amayamba kulemera makilogalamu makumi awiri.

The Knight

Izi Nkhalangoyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yozizira kwambiri. Ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri kuzizira masamba ake amakhala obiriwira. Zemclunika zosiyanasiyana "Vityaz" ali ndi zokolola zabwino. Ndi nyengo yabwino, kukula kwa mazana asanu ndi awiri magalamu a zipatso akhoza kukolola ku chitsamba chilichonse. Amakula pamapeto pa June. Madontho a maluwa a "mphako", ataliatali pamwamba pa masamba, kufika mpaka khumi kapena kuposerapo zidutswa pa chitsamba chilichonse.

Zosiyanasiyana "Chiyembekezo cha Zagorje"

Izi zemklunika zili ndi zitsamba zamphamvu komanso zamtali, zamphamvu komanso zolimba kwambiri. Ndiyo yowonjezera yoyamba mu mndandanda uwu wosankhidwa. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, osasowa zoonjezera zosiyanasiyana. Mitengo yoyamba ifika pamtunda wa magalamu makumi awiri. Zemclunika zosiyanasiyana "Chiyembekezo cha Zagorje" chikukula: zipatso ziwiri kapena zingapo zingamere pachitsamba chilichonse.

"Kokinskaya"

Mitundu zemluniky mpaka lero, imachokera zambiri. Poyang'ana ndemanga, chikhalidwe cha hybrid chakhala chikufalikira kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa wamaluwa. Koma kugawa kwakukulu kunalandiridwa ndi Zemluknik "Kokinskaya kusankha". Zipatso zake zimakhala zofanana ndi zosankha - zazikulu kwambiri. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepetsetsa, nthawi zina ngakhale pang'ono, opangidwa ndi mpweya wambiri. Ndi makhalidwe ake, zosiyanasiyana zimayandikira sitiroberi.

Zipatso za "Kokin kusankha" ndizamphamvu kwambiri. Iwo ali mbewu zagolide zapadera. Mavitaminiwo ndi amitundu yosiyana: pali mdima wofiira ndi wobiriwira, mwachiwonekere, makhalidwe a sitiroberi amakhudzidwa. Koma izi zikuwonekera kokha pachiyambi cha kusasitsa. Kenaka zipatsozo zimadetsedwa mofanana mumdima wofiira. Chomera ndi chofiira kwambiri, chili ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo.

Zowonjezera Zowonjezera

Zemclunika ingakhale wamkulu osati chakudya chodabwitsa komanso chodabwitsa chomwe chimalowa mwamsanga fruiting, komanso ngati chomera chokongola. Amaluwa ambiri akhala akudziŵa kuti ndikofunikira kukonzekera mabedi osiyana, makamaka makoswe. Koma si onse amadziwa kuti zemluniku akhoza kubzalidwa ndi rosettes kuzungulira maluwa. Kotero simungakhoze kupulumutsa malo okha, komanso kuthandizira zikhalidwe zomwe zikukula m'deralo, mosamala kwambiri, makamaka pamene chisanu ndi champhamvu kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, zlokklunika amakongoletsa duwa bedi, chifukwa amawoneka wokongola osati panthawi yamaluwa, komanso pambuyo pake. Ndipotu masamba ake amakhala obiriwira kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo mitundu ina, ngakhale yochoka m'nyengo yozizira, musawaye.

Zemklunikoy akhoza kukhala njira zowongoka zopita kunyumba. Okonza amakhulupirira kuti akhoza kubzalidwa m'malo onse otseguka: m'malo ogwira ntchito kapena pamabedi a maluwa, komanso pafupi ndi tchire ndi mitengo. Ndipo kale chaka chachiwiri mutabzala mbande m'nthaka simungakhoze kuyamikira kukongola kwa malowa, komanso mutenge zipatso zabwino zokoma ndi zonunkhira. Komanso, madzu okongola a Zemlunniki okhala ndi mizu yawo yamphamvu ndi masamba akulu adzathetsa kukula kwa namsongole. Iwo ndi okonzeka kupanga chiwembu. Nthaka, yokutidwa ndi mitengo zemkluniki, safuna kusowa konse. Mlimiyo amangokwanira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kuti amasule nthaka ndi foloki, kukweza mmwamba zomera.