Zambiri zakuthupi (mchenga, miyala): kupanga ndi kugulitsa

Non-zachitsulo chochuluka zipangizo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika pa zomangamanga. Mchenga, wosweka mwala ntchito popanga konkire ndipo anatsindika nyumba konkire, mortars. zinthuzi ntchito mankhwala nthaka, mapulani, malo ntchito. Mu msewu nyumba chomenyedwa ntchito monga roadbed underlayment wosanjikiza. Ena mitundu ya miyala ntchito zo m'madera zogundana.

Mitundu ya miyala ndi mchenga

Onse zipangizo yomanga lotayirira ali m'magulu malinga ndi muyezo zingapo:

• chiyambi;
• physico-mawotchi katundu (osalimba, durability, kukana ozizira, madzi kutengedwa);
• kutiumba ndi kukula kwa mbewu;
• mlingo wa mpweya wa poizoni, pamaso zosafunika organic ndi zochita kupanga.

Nature chiyambi miyala zimadalira zinthu poyambira. Kusiyanitsa chomenyedwa ku miyala, miyala chomenyedwa, amene zopangwidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo recyclable ndi zitsulo sekondale analandira mwa kuphwanya zomangamanga zinyalala (simenti, njerwa). Physico-makina zimatha chomenyedwa ndi mwachindunji amadalira chuma cha chiyambi chake. Nkhani wotchuka kwambiri, zomwe ndi zochokera mkulu mphamvu miyala - kugonjetsedwa ndi kupotoza ndi kuwonongedwa ndi kanthu makina. Mapira kukula miyala lagawidwa mitundu ingapo: osiya (5 mm), sing'anga (5-25 mm) ndi lalikulu (25-40 mm).

chiyambi mchenga anawagawa zachilengedwe ndi yokumba. Natural ufulu madzi zakuthupi amapangidwa mu chitukuko cha mchenga kapena mchenga ndi madipoziti miyala. Malinga yatsoka ndi kusiyanitsa nyanja, mtsinje kapena m'phiri mchenga. Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira zambiri anamaliza mbewu ndi zochepa zili zosafunika poyerekeza ndi zipangizo mu quarries ncho. mchenga lagawidwa lalikulu, sing'anga ndi yaing'ono pellets kukula.

Kupanga mchenga zachilengedwe

Kupanga zachilengedwe sanali zachitsulo zipangizo zambiri kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo:

• migodi
• processing ndi kuyenga (ngati pakufunika);
• yosungirako.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zipangizo zambiri ndi ncho ndi njira yotseguka. Dzenje mchenga ndi ncho ndi anakumba zinthu zakale kapena magalimoto okonzera. Kupanga phiri mchenga, chifukwa wambirimbiri zosafunika ndi granules kukula osiyana, pamafunika zina processing ndi chakudya patsogolo. ndondomeko iyi imakhala mu kusamba ndi kusanja kwa nkhaniyo. Kwa kupanga kachigawo kochepetsetsa ntchito kupanga nyumba zosakaniza zochokera simenti, mchenga zotheka zina umapezeka wodzigudubuza crusher. Natural mchenga amatanthauza zipangizo sachedwa caking Koma pa ulimi wake kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito hopper kwa chuma chochuluka - chipangizo mu mawonekedwe a kukalowa truncated piramidi chifukwa chochititsa ndi kupereka particulate zakuthupi.

Mtsinje mchenga ndi ncho hydro njira mu madamu. Bwato ndi mapampu hayidiroliki amawapopa zipangizo kuchokera pansi pa mtsinje mu dambo hayidiroliki wanga pa gombe. Madzi amalowa kumbuyo mu mtsinje, ndi mchenga akhala mu mulu wa. Padziko kwambiri wandiweyani pansi Komanso ntchito ndowa chikepe.

Kupanga mchenga yokumba

Malo Hrs wa miyala ya mchenga zachilengedwe omangidwa, tingayambe ndi akusowa wa nkhaniyi m'madera ena. Kupanga mchenga yokumba amalola kwakukulukulu vutoli mwa kupereka zosowa zofunika. Amapanga particulate nkhani opangidwa mwa kuphwanya miyala zovuta ndi zina zopangira. Malinga ndi chiyambi cha chuma ndi mitundu zotsatirazi mchenga yokumba:

• Wophwanyika. Ntchito nyimbo acidic ndi kukongoletsa. Yopangidwa ndi kupsinja nsangalabwi, diabase, basalt kapena wandiweyani slags zitsulo.
• Kuwala mchenga, organic ndi zochita kupanga. Nkhani zambiri ndi kuwapeza pumice, scoria, tuff, ulimi ndiponso lopanda nkhuni.
• Nyanja mchenga - zotsatira kusinja laimu.
• Kukodzedwa dongo mchenga analandira mwa kuphwanya miyala keramzite - thermally chimateteza zakuthupi, ndi filler kwa opepuka simenti ndi matope.
• Porous mchenga slag.

kupanga mwala wophwanyidwa

zipangizo za ulimi wa mwala wosweka opangidwa ku quarries opencast miyala osiyana. Malinga ndi makhalidwe a gawo ndi thanthwe ncho amasankhidwa njira ya chitukuko posungira. Pakuti makamaka thanthwe molimba anachita kuyambirira zikutchinga. Zitsime chisanadze mokhomerera mlandu yaikidwa. Kuphulika kwa thanthwe akuswa zidutswa amene analandira processing zina.

The yotengedwa zopangira amaperekedwa kwa umapezeka yomwe ikuchitika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana crushers (mpukutu nsagwada crushers, zimakhudza, phirilo). Kusankha technics wapangidwa malingana ndi mtundu wa chomaliza mankhwala. Pambuyo onongani, wokonzeka chomenyedwa adza kwa kusanja. The njira ya zinthu mosamala lagawidwa tuzigawo twa malinga ndi kukula tirigu. Unsembe ndi lalikulu sieves angapo ndi maenje a diameters osiyana. Kachigawo kochepetsetsa akudutsa magulu osiyanasiyana a zowonetsera, yothetsa mu sump lapansi. The ndondomeko kusanja pa wosweka mwala kachigawo ikhoze kutsukidwa kuchotsa zosafunika dongo.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya miyala miyala

Pali gulu mwachilungamo lalikulu la zinthuzi, koma mwa iwo kwambiri kufunika zotsatirazi:

• Miyalayo - kwambiri cholimba makhalidwe a chiyambi magmatic. Bukuli lili - khwatsi, Mica ndi feldspar. The mitundu ambiri - wofiira, pinki, imvi. Chifukwa cha chiyambi chake, kusankha nkhaniyi, chidwi kwambiri ayenera kupatsidwa zikalata mpweya wa poizoni. Chifukwa cha thupi katundu ndi makina, wotchuka kwambiri mtundu wa makhalidwe.
• Miyala. Chifukwa cha ichi miyala zinthu thanthwe. Ndisonyezeni mtundu uwu chomenyedwa m'njira ziwiri - onongani miyala (wosweka miyala) ndi mosamala la mtsinje kapena nyanja nthaka (anamaliza miyala). Pa mphamvu ya lubwe zambiri zosalimba koma mtengo otsika maziko poizoniyu.
• Quartzite. Zambiri zofunika formations khwatsi thanthwe. Mphamvu si wolephera lubwe, koma pang'ono maziko poizoniyu. Chifukwa cha pachiyambi kapangidwe ndi wokongola colorings otchuka kwambiri zokongoletsa.
• Laimu. Yopangidwa ndi kupsinja nyanja miyala. Mphamvu wolephera zina zonse zinyalala. Maziko a dolomite ndi laimu. Yabwino kusiyana - mtengo otsika.

Madera a ntchito zipangizo zambiri

Osiyanasiyana ntchito zipangizo sanali zachitsulo chochuluka lalikulu kwambiri, kuphimba pafupifupi onse magawo a zomangamanga ndi kufunika okwanira mu zina la ntchito:

• Kukonzekera konkire wa zopangidwa osiyana.
• Kupanga mankhwala konkire.
• Road yomanga.
• Zida njanji, runways.
• Malo.
• Livestock.
• Zida zoteteza wosanjikiza pa pamalo achisanu msewu.

Mayendedwe zipangizo zambiri

Kunyamula zipangizo zambiri mwa njanji (wautali), msewu ndi zoyendera mtsinje. Zoyendera njanji abwino kwambiri mpandadenga magalimoto, magalimoto, dambo magalimoto - Special ngolo momasuka ndi kumaliseche basi ndi monyang'ama. Mayendedwe a mchenga ndi miyala msewu dambo magalimoto yabwino kwambiri. Kutumiza zipangizo zambiri ndi mabwato mtsinje - yotsika mtengo zoyendera mwina, koma ndi zogwirizana okha nkhani ya pafupi madzi malo. Mu ophimba ndi osavomerezeka pa njira yopita ku malo a yobereka kutsanulira zinthuzi mu magalimoto ena pofuna kupewa zomvetsa.

Yosungirako ndi zogulitsa

Pambuyo m'zigawo, ndipo ngati chofunika, mchenga miyala patsogolo mu mawonekedwe amene amaona ogula anatumizidwa ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Mtundu uliwonse ndi fractional zikuchokera chuma chochuluka kusungidwa payokha. Yosungirako madera ayenera kukhala yosalala, iwo sayenera kusonkhanitsa Madzi a mvula. Ngati ndi kotheka, kupanga chitetezo zina kuchokera pansi. M'nyengo yozizira, zipangizo ndi Achotsa chisanu ndi ayezi.

Wonjezerani zipangizo sanali zachitsulo ku yosungirako zambiri mwa msewu. The kuchotserapo ndi makampani akuluakulu mizere payekha nthambi. Pakuti kutumiza otetezeka ndi yabwino zipangizo kuti chomaliza yosungirako ogula malo okonzeka ndi misewu yabwino mwayi. Kawirikawiri bungwe unilateral mphete magalimoto. Pakuti potsegula zosavuta ndi kuteteza caking ntchito silo zipangizo zambiri. Kuunikira Amapanga amaperekedwa pa usiku.