Wambiri Lva Tolstogo - lalikulu Russian wolemba

Kodi inu kulemba Leo Tolstoy? Wambiri lalifupi ndi lalitali wolemba anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane pa kusukulu. Komabe, monga ntchito zazikulu. Kugwirizana woyamba a munthu aliyense wakumva dzina la wolemba wotchuka - buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Si onse ankafuna kugonjetsa ulesi ndi kuwerenga izo. Ndipo kwambiri pachabe. Ntchito imeneyi yapindula dziko lonse kutchuka. Izi ndi tingachipeze powerenga kuti ayenera kuwerenga munthu aliyense ophunzira. Koma zinthu oyamba.

Wambiri Lva Tolstogo limatiuza kuti adabadwa m'nthawi ya 19 - ndicho, mu 1828. Dzina la wolemba m'tsogolo ndi lolemera akale Russia. Education Leo kunyumba. Makolo ake anamwalira, iye ndi mlongo wake ndi abale atatu anasamukira ku mzinda wa Kazan. Tolstoy anakhala mtetezi P. Yushkova. Pa zaka 16, kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya m'deralo. Iye anaphunzira woyamba pa mlingo nzeru zaumunthu, ndiyeno pa mphamvu ya Chilamulo. Koma University of Tolstoy ndi sanamalize. Anakakhala ku chuma cha Yasnaya Polyana - pamene iye anabadwa.

Wambiri Lva Tolstogo limatiuza kuti zaka 4 anali iye zaka kufunafuna. Choyamba, iye reorganized moyo munda, anapita ku Moscow, kumene iye anali kuyembekezera moyo mkulu. Iye analandira digiri ku Chilamulo St. Petersburg University, ndiye muli ndi ntchito mu utumiki - wakhala clerks mu wolemekezeka Wachiwiri Tula chokumanako.

Wambiri Lva Tolstogo akufotokoza ulendo wake ku Caucasus mu 1851. Kumeneko, iye anamenyana ndi Chechens. Magawo ndi nkhondo imeneyi m'tsogolo yatchedwa zosiyanasiyana nkhani yochepa ndi buku "The Cossacks." Kenako Leo mayeso kwa cadets kukhala mkulu m'tsogolo. Ndipo pamalo izi mu 1854. Tolstoy ntchito m'gulu lankhondo la Danube, umene unali mu mphamvu pa nthawi imeneyo ndi Turkey.

Zomwe analemba, Tolstoy anayamba kwambiri kuulondola pa ulendo ku Caucasus. buku lake "Ana" linalembedwa apo, ndiyeno lofalitsidwa mu "Contemporary" magazini. Mu kope chomwecho kenako anaonekera ndi nkhani "Achinyamata."

Leo atamenya Sevastopol pa Crimea nkhondo. panopa pali zimasonyeza kulimba potenga gawo mu chitetezo cha mzindawo unazunguliridwa. Chifukwa iye anali kupereka kwa Order "Pakuti kulimbamtima". Magazi chithunzi cha wolemba nkhondo kulengedwanso mu "Sevastopol zina zachidule". ntchito Zimenezi zachititsa chidwi pa anthu onse Russian.

Kuyambira 1855 Tolstoy ankakhala St. Petersburg. Apo iye ankakonda ndi Chernyshevsky, Turgenev, Ostrovsky ndi zina khalidwe lodziwika bwino. Patatha chaka chimodzi anapuma. Komanso wolemba ulendo, anatsegula chifukwa kwawo ku sukulu kwa ana a anthu wamba ndipo ngakhale makalasi ikuchitikira kumeneko. Ndi anatulukira awiri dazeni pafupi sukulu. Pambuyo ulendo wachiwiri kunja. Ntchito kuti moyo imeneyi dzina la wolemba mu dziko lonse, zinalengedwa mu 70s lapansi. Izi, kumene, "Anna Karenina" ndi imene yafotokozedwa koyambirira kwa nkhani ino buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere".

Wambiri Lva Tolstogo ananena kuti anakwatira mu 1862. Ndi mkazi wake kenako anaukitsidwa ana asanu ndi anayi. Banja anasamukira ku likulu mu 1880.

Leo Tolstoy (yonena chidwi mfundo akunenera) zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, munkachitika chokhudza intrigue m'banja chifukwa kuyambira limene lidzakhala pambuyo pake. Pa zaka 82 wolemba masamba munda, ndipo anayamba paulendo kuchoka ku njira apamwamba a moyo. Koma thanzi lake anali wofooka kwambiri kutero. Mwanjira ina, iye anagwira chimfine ndipo anafa. Kumizidwa, kumene, ndinali kunyumba - mu Yasnaya Polyana.