Vuto la cholinga cha moyo: ndife ndani, bwanji ife tiri pano ndipo tikupita kuti?

Ziribe kanthu momwe munthu ali wotanganidwa kwambiri ndi zochita zake, ziribe kanthu momwe akumva chisoni kapena kukondweretsa moyo wake, akufunabebe funsoli: kodi zonsezi ndi zotani? Nchifukwa chiyani ife timakhala moyo ngati ife tikafabe, kupitirira apo, ngati iwo omwe ife timawakonda mosakayika akufa? Ichi ndi vuto la tanthawuzo la moyo - mwinamwake vuto lomwelo, poyesa kuthetsa zomwe zinafikira filosofi yokha. Chifukwa mu vuto ili ndikuika patsogolo zonse zofunika kwambiri ndi zofunika kwa munthu aliyense amene saopa kuganizira za izo.

Mchitidwe uliwonse wa zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi ma filosofi, pamapeto pake, ndizo njira yothetsera vutoli. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa pamapeto pake, zoletsedwa ndi malamulo, miyambo ndi zikhulupiliro zimakhala zokhazokha chifukwa cha zomwe ayenera kuziwona komanso chifukwa chake. Ndicho chifukwa chake tanthauzo la moyo mu filosofi ndi chiyanjano ndi kutha kwa moyo ndi imfa ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, tanthawuzo lirilonse limagwirizanitsa mu funso ili - ndiko, tanthawuzo la moyo wa munthu wina - komanso tanthauzo la chikhalidwe - la moyo wa anthu kapena anthu onse. M'mbuyomu, filosofi imadziwa mitundu itatu ya njira zothetsera vutoli.

Choyamba mwa izi ndi njira yachikhalidwe yozikidwa pa chikhulupiriro. Moyo umakhala wophweka pamene uli wamuyaya. Pamene zabwino zonse zomwe muli nazo sizikutha, pamene palibe choipa kapena nthawi, koma chisangalalo chosatha ndi chidzalo cha kukhalapo. Koma kuti tikwaniritse moyo woterewu - kuukitsa pambuyo pa imfa yapadziko lonse - munthu ayenera kugwirizana ndi milungu ngakhale m'moyo, kapena ndi Mulungu, ndi kusunga malamulo ndi zoperewera zoperekedwa kuchokera kumwamba. Vuto la tanthauzo la moyo ndi njira imeneyi lichotsedwa ndi chikhumbo kwa Mulungu ndi moyo wosatha. Komabe, zipembedzo zambiri zinkafuna ndi kulamula kukanidwa kwaumwini, kapena kugawana malo a gehena ndi imfa yosatha kwa iwo osasunga malamulo a Mulungu.

Kuphatikiza ndi chipembedzo, njira zachipembedzo zikusonyeza kuti tsogolo la munthu ndilo kukonza kapena kukonzanso dziko lapansi kotero kuti anthu savutika ndi mantha kapena njala, koma amakhala mogwirizana ndi mfundo za chilungamo ndi ubale. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo uku, pamakhala munthu. Kufika kwina, njira imeneyi imapanga paradaiso kuchokera kudziko lina kupita mtsogolo. Koma ngati njira zachipembedzo nthawi zambiri zimatembenuza munthu payekha ndi zofooka zake kapena kusakhulupilira kukhala chokhumudwitsa chomwe chiyenera kugonjetsedwa, ndiye vuto la cholinga cha moyo mudziko lapansi la funsoli limangokhala limodzi, ndipo anthu amakhala amodzi mwa mibadwo yotsatira.

Chimodzi, chizoloŵezi chachikhalidwe, chimapereka lingaliro lakuti tanthauzo la moyo monga lochokera ku malamulo apamwamba kapena malingaliro palibe kulikonse, ndipo moyo waumunthu umatha. Choncho, tifunikire kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndikupereka tanthawuzo kuti ife eni eni tikufuna kupereka. Choncho, munthu amamwa, amadya komanso amasangalala, chifukwa mawa adzafa, kapena amazindikira kuti akutsutsidwa kuti adziŵe, koma nthawi yomweyo sakhala ndi chiyembekezo chilichonse. Koma vuto la tanthawuzo la moyo mu nkhaniyi likuwoneka kuti likubwerera kumbuyo ndipo liri losasidwa, zobisika. Kugawaniza kulimba mtima kwa njirayi, si onse omwe ali olimbika, choncho otsutsa njirayi ayenera kuthana ndi kukhumudwa ndi kupweteka, makamaka popeza njira yotereyi , kugwirizanitsa ndi kukhalapo kwa imfa, sichithetsa vuto la imfa ya okondedwa.

Vuto la cholinga cha moyo mu filosofi ndi chitukuko chake cha mbiriyakale chimatithandizanso kuti tione umunthu wotchuka wotchuka, wotchuka chifukwa cha nzeru zawo, adagawana izi kapena njira imeneyo. Kotero, Diogenes, Epicurus, Nietzsche, ndi zina zotetezedwa, Spinoza angatchedwe otsatira malingaliro kuti moyo uli ndi tanthauzo lokha, ndipo munthu ayenera kuzindikira ndi kuchita izi, kuyesetsa kukhala wachimwemwe, mtendere wamkati, kuzindikira kwa "chifuniro cha mphamvu" ndi zina zotero . Aristotle, Marx, Feuerbach, Mill ankakonda kuona tanthauzo la moyo pozindikira zolinga za anthu. Ponena za filosofi ya ku Aigupto, Indian, Chinese, Socrates ndi Plato, mafanizo osiyanasiyana a chikhristu ndi Muslim, filosofia ya ku Ulaya, makamaka kwa Kant, iwo anali nawo njira yachipembedzo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ankatsutsa zolephera zake zambiri. Zina mwazinthu zosiyana ndi izi ndi filosofi ya kukhalapo komweko, omwe oimira awo angathenso kutsogoleredwa ndi dziko, laumulungu kapena lachipembedzo. Koma zopereka zawo pa phunziroli ndizo kufufuzira momwe zinthu zilili "malire", pamene munthu mwadzidzidzi adzipeza kuti ali "wofera", ndipo akugonjetsa, amatha kupeza ufulu ndi kumvetsetsa tanthauzo lake.