Vinson - Antarctica zosiyanasiyana. Kufotokozera, zithunzi

Zochitikazo ndi ayezi wosatha, ndipo koyamba izi angaloŵe, Africa chimodzi cha dziko anapeza atsopano. Ngakhale kuti Dzheyms Kuk woyamba kuwoloka Antarctic Circle mu January 1773, Antarctica silinakwaniritsidwe kufufuza bwinobwino.

Pano, monga kontinenti ina, ali yake "oases" ndi zomera, nyanja ndipo ngakhale Vinson Massif (amayang'anira 78,5833 ° kum'mwera kumpoto 85,4167 ° W longitude).

Mbiri ya Antarctica

Monga kontinenti palokha, izo chinamasulidwa mu 1820 ndi Faddeem Bellinsgauzenom, patsogolo pa awiri ofufuza ena kumalo ozizira - Nathaniel Palmer kwa miyezi 10, ndipo Edward Bransfield masiku 3.

Bellingshausen ndi mnzake wake Mihailom Lazarevym siinafike Antarctica makilomita 32 basi. Munthu woyamba phazi pa dziko ino anati Dzhon Deyvis, amene anafika pa dziko la 07.02.1821 chaka. Woyamba ulendo kafukufuku bungwe la United States Navy mu 1839. Kuchokera pa zotsatira zake, analengeza kuti anatsegula kumadzulo kwa Antarctica Balleny Islands, ndi malo dziko anapeza anthu ake, patapita dzina lake polemekeza mtsogoleri ulendo Wilkes Land. Yotsatira kumalo ozizira wofufuza James Clark Ross mu 1841 linatsegulidwa chilumba dzina lake.

More chidwi Antarctica ndi kuphunzira kwake analipereka m'ma 20. Iwo chiyambi cha m'ma ndi kulanda South Pole Roald Amundsen mu 1911. Mu 1912 izo Pambuyo Robert Scott, amene ulendo kwathunthu anataya pamene ndimabwerera ku Big Land.

Mu 1928, ndege yoyamba Antarctica woyendetsa Hubert Wilkins unapangidwa, umene ankaona ndithu ft, kuganizira mlingo wa chitukuko cha ndege pa nthawi. Mlendo mbiri sanapereke mpumulo kwa aviators ambiri, koma anakwanitsa Richard E. Byrd chaka chotsatira, kuuluka pa South Pole.

Mu zaka unawonongedwa ndi m'ziwawa ulendo zotsimikizirika unachitikira kachiwiri, America 1945 mpaka 1957, chifukwa cha izo yaikulu mbewu kuthetsa McMurdo anakhazikitsidwa. Soviet kumalo ozizira ofufuza anayambitsa kuthetsa woyamba wa mtendere 1956 ndi thandizo la anthu oyendetsa ngalawa ziwiri - "ob" ndi "Lena". Pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndiponso kugwira ntchito mu mavuto a Madzi oundana, ndi wakutsegula loko pa mapu atsopano a Bay zilumbazi ndi kumtunda capes ozizira. Mwachitsanzo, m'mapiri a Antarctica pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20 ankaganiza yekha chiphunzitso. Chitsimikizo cha moyo wawo waperekedwa mu 1958, pamene anapeza woyendetsa, kupanga ndege lake lonse la Afrika.

Anthu wolimba adzipangira kufotokoza zonse za Antarctic, amene anakhala m'gulu la mabuku zintchito ndi ntchito za sayansi ofufuza masiku ano.

NKHANI Antarctica

kontinenti uyu chimakwirira kudera la 13975 thous. Km ^2, amene ali maalumali ayezi. Palibe nzika, osati chifukwa cha nyengo nkhanza ndi abwino okha anyani, komanso chifukwa chakuti ndi Africa kokha kuti sikuli kwa dziko, ndi m'chigawo cha anthu onse.

Malinga ndi pangano, analemba mu 1961, mayiko akutsogolera malo onse a dziko lapansi ili kum'mwera kwa 60 ° S. yakumadzulo., amasulidwa kuwayika chida chilichonse ndipo ali oyenera okha kafukufuku wa sayansi. Ngakhale Antarctica wolemera mchere, migodi iwo komanso zoletsedwa.

Izi Africa apamwamba pa dziko, pafupifupi izo limatuluka kuti mamita 2040 pamwamba pa nyanja, ndipo mfundo zake apamwamba - Vinson (lomenyera Ellsworth Mountains) ukufika mamita 4892.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, 99% kutenga ayezi, ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe ya m'dera wa "Opeza" imene kukula ndere, Mumapezekanso, lichens ndi bowa. Apa moyo anyani ndi zisindikizo.

Palibe wina angathe kupirira nyengo yachisanu digiri -89 (la kum'mawa kwa Africa mu malo ya Russian siteshoni "Vostok"). Kutentha ambiri m'nyengo yozizira, ena malire madigiri -70, ndi chilimwe - kuchokera -30 kuti -50. Pa gombe, pafupifupi "achisangalalo" monga m'nyengo yozizira kutentha pano ranges ku -8 digiri -35, pamene m'chilimwe - kuchokera 0 5. Kufotokozera za Antarctica ndi mphepo yamkuntho mphamvu zake mphepo ndi chisanu ndi malo Chile yovuta kwambiri apaulendo.

Phiri lalikulu kwambiri mu dziko: phiri la Everest ndi Aconcagua

Mountain dziko - ndi ukulu osati wake ndi kukongola, komanso mbiri ya mapangidwe m'maiko. Pansi, 6 ndi 7 m'maiko wamkulu nsonga kuti anagonjetsa lililonse pa nthawi yake, daredevils amene kulimba mtima Mzimu anthu kubwereza ft awo.

Ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri mu dziko - phiri la Everest (Asia), limatuluka pamwamba pa nyanja kuti 8.848 mamita kugonjetsa kwake -. Iwo ngati mayesero a lokonza kwa okwera a. Oyamba musati kuwagonjetsa, pano ngakhale anakumana okwera chiopsezo imfa, phiri mwaukali ndi kosakhozeka kufikako.

About nthawi 50 maulendowa ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana anayesa kukwera pamwamba pa ngozi, koma anakwanitsa May 29, 1953 New Zealand Edmund Hillary. Pambuyo kugonjetsa Everest ndi mbali yake yosiyanasiyana, osati amuna komanso akazi, woyamba umene unali climber Japanese mu 1976

Aconcagua - apamwamba zinatha kuphulika ku dziko ili mu America South. Kutalika kwa izi Argentine "inawomba nyumba yaitali" mamita 6962. Nyanga zayamba mogwirizana ndi kugunda mbale awiri tectonic - ndi Nazca ndi American South. Chimodzi Kodi mukuganiza chiyani masoka limodzi ndi ngati mawu odzitukumula njira zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo. pachimake Izi ndi oyenera maphunziro oyamba, chifukwa si zovuta kwa maganizo a mapiri a. Iwo anagonjetsa ngakhale ana.

Phiri McKinley

Zisanu ndi mapiri a dziko - ichi ndi mapiri wamkulu ali wapamwamba pa limodzi la mayiko a dzikoli. McKinley -. The chimbuzi cha Alaska, kukwera pamwamba pansi pa 6194 mamita Pa nthawi ina zinali pachimake pamwamba pa Russian Ufumu, imene inkatchedwa wopepuka - Big Mountain. Pambuyo kugulitsa m'dera America, ndi yaikulu mu North America.

Kuyambira 1917 mpaka 2015, phiri dzina lake mmodzi wa Pulezidenti wa USA - McKinley, koma anabwerera ku dzina wapachiyambi Denali, amene ankatanthauza pamwamba Wamkulu anawamasulira ku chinenero Athabasca (Indian fuko). Choyamba anagonjetsa 1906 Frederikom Kukom, amene posakhalitsa mlandu falsification cha kukwera izi. Kufikira tsopano, tsiku ndi okwera kukangana ngati wakhala kukwera Kale.

Kilimanjaro

Wotchuka phiri African ali m'gulu gulu la "mapiri asanu ndi awiri a dziko." Inali ku Tanzania, iye ali apaulendo zonse chidwi. Onani matalala ake kapu pakati pa savannah otentha ntchito kukhala chodabwitsa, koma lero asayansi ambiri akuchenjeza, chifukwa zaka zakubadwa ayezi kusungunuka likunena chifukwa kusintha kwa nyengo.

Phiri Kilimanjaro, zokongoletsa zawo nsonga kale achisanu ozungulira dera, lero wataya ayezi ake chivundikirocho ndi 80%. Kwa nthawi yoyamba wa mamitala 5895 pamwamba pa nyanja, anagonjetsa Hans Meyer mu lakutali 1889. Kwa woyamba, zida ndi zipangizo zamakono kukwera, pamwamba izi si yovuta, ngakhale kukwera zambiri limapitirira chifukwa cha mavuto ndi acclimatization.

Elbrus

phiri ili ndi bwino ngakhale anthu amene alibe kanthu kochita ndi mapiri. Ndi nsonga apamwamba mu Europe. Malowa ali pamtunda ili m'malire Kabardino-Balkaria ndi Karachay-Cherkessia. dongosolo phiri Main Caucasus Ridge. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu msinkhu wake wa 5642 mamita anapambana Russian sayansi ulendo mu 1829. Amaphatikiza ndi wasayansi, katswiri, katswiri, wofufuza ndi wojambula, amene osati anapanga chitunda, komanso sketched ndi kuphunzira Kapangidwe ka zomera ndi mapiri.

Masiku ano kuli bwino anayamba zomangamanga alendo ndi m'misasa zofunika anatengera, ndi phiri palokha ndi malo a Haji osati okwera komanso okwera ankachita masewera amene wagonjetsa ngakhale vertex umodzi.

Kuwonjezera agonjetsi nsonga Elbrus amakopeka skiers, umene njirazo wa kusinthasintha movutikira ndipo unachitikira Mpikisano slalom oyenelela apa chaka. A zomangamanga mwadongosolo amaika lotseguka pano alendo patsinde pa mlingo ofanana ndi pogwiritsa European ski.

Puncak Jaya

Australia ali ndi mapiri, zomwe chimbuzi ndi pachimake Puncak Jaya (4884 m). Phiri Jaya amadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwa chilumba ili. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti mfundo lalikulu la Oceania ali ndi kutalika kwa 5030 m.

Chifukwa cha phiri dziko linali lotsegula wa ku Netherlands Jan Carstens mu 1623. kafukufuku ameneyu kusekedwa ndi anthu a sayansi m'mene ananena kuti anaona ndi glacier mu kotentha kwa dziko. Kenako phiri anapatsidwa dzina lake, chimene chinafika mpaka 1965.

Ngakhale zinachitika kale, nthawi yoyamba anagonjetsa okwera Austria mu 1962. Anabwerera ndi dzina lake loyambirira kumasulira chinenero Indonesia zikumveka ngati Pobeda Peak.

Vinson Massif

Mapiri a Antarctica - chivundikiro mosalekeza ayezi. Mwina n'chifukwa chake iwo sakanakhoza kukhala motalika kupeza, koma theoretically yekha masamu kuti ali Africa izi. ayezi kuti ndi chopunthwitsa chachikulu mu chitunda kwa iwo.

yawoyo apamwamba ndi Vinson - zosiyanasiyana m'litali ndi 21 Km ndi makilomita 13 m'lifupi. Pamafunika kulimba mtima ndi Luso kugonjetsa izi pamwamba kovuta. Muyeso woyamba chinapangidwa Antarctica otentha molakwa (5140 m). Pangani mtengo odalirika chinapezeka yekha mu 1980, pamene Vinson (osiyanasiyana) anakwera okwera Soviet ndipo anaika pali mbendera. The chifukwa cha muyeso anali mamita 4892.

namkholowa Kugonjetsedwa

Ngati tiyang'ana pa khamu Vinson pa mapu, mukhoza kuona kuti ku Pole South iwo ankasiyana Km 1200 chokha. Iwo amene akhala pamwamba pa izo, iwo amanena kuti limatithandiza chinkaoneka chokongola ayezi, kuunikiridwa owala dzuwa.

Ndi osati glacier waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse, komanso ovuta kwambiri kugonjetsa phiri. Vinson Massif miyezi isanu ndi kumizidwa mu usiku kumalo ozizira, choncho ndi oyenera anagonjetsa "chilimwe" nthawi kuchokera November kuti January, pamene kutentha limatuluka digiri 30 pansi pa ziro. Chilimwe thambo pamwamba wopanda mitambo kwathunthu ndi dzuwa usana ndi usiku.

Ngakhale kutentha pang'ono mlengalenga, kukwera nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi mphepo yamphamvu ndi kusungunuka ayezi kwa dzuwa.

Antarctica lero

Today pali 37 mu malo Antarctic sayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Asayansi kuphunzira zinthu ayezi, kusintha mankhwala ake zikuchokera ndi mlingo wa kusungunuka. Akatswiri ndi maphunziro kuphunzira mitundu angathe kupulumuka mu mavuto a Madzi oundana.

Kuwonjezera Maulendo sayansi, kuyenda mabungwe kukonza maulendo daredevils kwambiri kukwera pa Vinson. Zosiyanasiyana yafala kwambiri njira ndi otchuka ndi okwera.