Liubka maluwa (Platanthera Bifolia). Platanthera bifolia - zakutchire maluwa

Platanthera bifolia (Latin dzina Platanthera bifolia) anatchula mtundu wa osatha tuberous zomera herbaceous a mtundu Platanthera maluwa banja (Orchidaceae). Wachiwiri dzina - zakutchire maluwa.

dzina

The sayansi dzina la mtundu uwu limachokera ku mawu a Chigiriki "lonse» (platis) ndi "mungu thumba» (antera). Iwo anafotokoza kuti mwapadera anther oimira mitundu. bifolia epithet amachokera chinenero Latin ndipo imakhala mawu awiri - "awiri» (zina kuti adzipeza) ndi "pepala» (folius). Ndi chifukwa cha maonekedwe a mbewu ndi masamba awiri akuluakulu pa tsinde la thunthu. Russian dzina la mtundu, "Lyuba", chikugwirizana ndi miyambo yakale mizu, tubers ya zomera (kutanthauza ambiri Platanthera bifolia) ndi katundu wapadera zamatsenga. Kuyambira kukonzekera chikondi zamdziko ndi chikondi zamdziko.

inafikira

Platanthera bifolia (zakutchire maluwa) akupempha m'dera mwachilungamo lalikulu la Europe ndi ku Asia, m'dera ake kotentha. Umapezeka Asia Minor ndi Ulaya. Mu Russia, Platanthera bifolia Chimakula mu gawo European, ndi Caucasus ndi Kumwera Siberia. Chimakula mu mitundu coniferous ndi kusakaniza nkhalango, makamaka m'mbali, clearings mu m'nkhalango za zitsamba, nthawizina mu meadows ndi. Angapezeke pa meadows subalpine mu Altai mapiri, Caucasus, Sayan. Zachilengedwe matalikidwe a mtundu uwu ndi waukulu ndithu. Liubka maluwa kwathunthu chidwi ndi chinyezi nthaka, monga limakula kwambiri wothira (wasambitsa ngakhale pansi patsogolo) ndi kumtunda. Si makamaka udzafunidwa kwa acidity ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka, koma ndi ambiri pa acid. Iwo akhoza kunyamula shading yokulirapo ngakhale wakonda malo owala chifukwa kuno ndi limamasula bwino ndi kubala zipatso.

mafotokozedwe

Platanthera bifolia (chithunzi anapatsidwa m'nkhani) ndi osatha herbaceous zomera, amene kutalika ndi 20-50 masentimita, ndi awiri mizu unshared, tubers. Pali nthawi zina kutalika 60 masentimita. Chimakula pachaka kuchotsa tuber. masamba woyambira a mbewu (awiri, kawirikawiri atatu kapena munthu) imakonzedwa oppositely pa tsinde m'munsi iwo mwapang'ono phesi, amene amapita ku nyini. Fomu pepala yosamveka oblong-obovate. Masamba kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 22, m'lifupi - 6 masentimita. Mtundu imvi wobiriwira, chonyezimira. masamba tsinde - limodzi atatu, m'malo ang'onoang'ono, lanceolate, sessile.

Usiku Violet: Mtundu

Inflorescence a zomera ndi osowa khutu cylindrical mawonekedwe. Akafika masentimita 20 m'litali lopangidwa florets (za 8-40 mayunitsi). Duwa ali amphamvu kwambiri zosangalatsa fungo (makamaka usiku kapena nyengo mitambo), iye perianth woyera, pang'ono Kamaoneka malekezero a corolla ndi yosavuta. Onse masamba asanu a zazikulu ndi zooneka mosiyanasiyana. Yaikulu ya iwo ndipamene mlomo ndi wochepa thupi, pang'ono yokhota kumapeto kapena molunjika paphiri, wakuthwa kumapeto, obliquely m'mwamba kapena horizontally zochokera. M'litali si upambana masentimita atatu. The yopapatiza mlomo 12 millimeters m'munsi popanda hillocks. mapepala atatu perianth kutseka pamodzi, iwo apanga chisoti, ndi otsala awiri ufulu. Stamen maluwa ndi chimodzi chokha, mungu zake Maluwa ndi glued mu mpira, wotchedwa Pollino. Munsi - ndi ikhale pamphuno atatu bladed ndi kutsikira unilocular n'kuwasanganiza. Platanthera bifolia limamasula mu June ndi July. Iwo mungu ndi tizilombo. Zimapsa mu July ndi August. Chipatso cha mbewu bokosi timaona asanu mipata kotenga. Mbeu ndi laling'ono kwambiri, dustable.

Care Nsonga

Malo mbewu ayenera anasankha shading ndi kuteteza ku dzuwa. Pakuti nthaka wovuta kwambiri, kukula onse pa osauka ndi pa dothi bwino ukala. Komabe, fetereza owonjezera si choncho, umuna yake amalimbikitsa bwino ukufalikira ndi chitukuko. The heatwave amafuna madzi zina. Platanthera bifolia bwino analekerera m'nyengo yozizira ndi sayenera pogona.

kubalana

Zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu za zomera zokha. zipatso uli mbewu oposa 20 zikwi. chomera wina kukula pafupifupi kwa zipatso 11. Mbewu kumera yekha pamaso pa bowa. M'zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi mmera ndi mobisa kwambiri njira ya moyo, ndi kokha wachitatu chaka chachisanu limapezeka padziko pepala loyamba. Maluwa woyera violet usiku kwa zaka pafupifupi 11 pambuyo kumera, m'mikhalidwe yabwino, uyu kumachitika mu chaka chimodzi. Pachimake, zomera akhoza kukhala kwa zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi popanda yopuma, koma pangakhale kubwera pang'ono pambuyo limamasula ndi makamaka wochuluka. Pafupifupi mbewu imakhala zaka 20-27, mwina motalikirapo, m'mikhalidwe yabwino. Flower masamba anaika mu zaka ziwiri maluwa. Kubereketsa zomera nthawi zonse umachitikira njenjete (anthu oledzera ndi cutworms), ndiye perianth posachedwa chimazilala. kusasitsa mbewu ikuchitika mwa theka-dvamesyatsa pambuyo kubereketsa zomera. Chifukwa mbewu ang'ono kwambiri ndi kuwala kafalitsidwe kumachitika ngakhale ndi gulu pang'ono misa mpweya. Platanthera bifolia ndi zodabwitsa kukongoletsa zomera ndi kukoma amphamvu. Ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati wamaluwa kusangalala. Komabe, n'zovuta kwambiri kawetedwe. Yokhala, ndi maluwa zakutchire ndi chomera otetezedwa, koma kwenikweni ndi zosatheka kwa bungwe. Maluwa Liubka chochuluka kukolola kulenga bouquets, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti ndi kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana ake.

Mankhwala mtengo Platanthera bifolia

Muzu tubers usiku violets ndi mankhwala. Iwo kukumba yomweyo pambuyo maluwa kapena kumapeto. Sankhani achinyamata, yowutsa mudyo ndi minofu. Tubers kawirikawiri kumizidwa mu madzi otentha kwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zitatu (kuonetsetsa kuti sizingamere), ndiyeno zouma mu mthunzi. Chifukwa ndi otchedwa salep. Long chifukwa ntchito yokonza mankhwala zimandilimbikitsa ndi kanthu zobwezeretsa. Chifukwa chachikulu kuchititsa ngati kutchuka salep, ndi mphamvu yake kuonjezera kugonana. Kuyambira kale, mazana a maphikidwe yapangidwa zochizira mpheto mothandizidwa ndi Platanthera bifolia. Komabe, yochepa gwero m'munsi mwa mankhwala chomera si kulenga limodzi olimba mlingo dongosolo la zomera. Salep ali antitoxic ndi zoteteza kanthu, choncho yoti cholinga cha detoxification milandu poyizoni ndi poizoni ena amene amayambitsa matenda a m'mimba, chapamimba chilonda ndi mmatumbo chilonda, gastritis aakulu, matenda a m'matumbo, komanso zosiyanasiyana matenda m'mimba mwa ana. Komanso, iwo akhonza kusankha ndi chifuwa ndi pachimake.

ethnoscience

Mankhwala wowerengeka, Platanthera bifolia ntchito ngati diuretic, kwa malungo ndi mano. Komanso, zomera imatengedwa njira yabwino patsogolo magulu a anthu, kutopa matenda aakulu, ndi okalamba. Komanso, salep zopatsa thanzi analimbikitsa monga njira msuzi kapena mphesa vinyo. mankhwala amagwiritsa Liubka zochizira matenda wamkazi kugonana ndi matenda. Ufa kuchokera tubers akuchikazi ntchito monga kulera zosiyanasiyanazi ogwira. Komabe, ochiritsa Russian ankanena kuti yaitali ntchito chida zingachititse osabereka mu akazi. madokotala Chitibeta ntchito kuwonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi.