M'nthano ndi chiyani?

Kodi folklore? Poyamba yankho zikuwoneka zophweka. Aliyense lachitatu grader anganene kuti - zilandiridwenso, nzeru, chidziwitso cha anthu. ana More patsogolo ngakhale kuuzidwa kuti Mauwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito 1846 ndi Vilyam Tomson, kuonetsanso kuti kuli aliyense chikhalidwe wauzimu wa anthu.

Komabe, si yapafupi. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi a ku Britain akuti izi zikutanthauza mawonetseredwe aliyense wa uzimu wa anthu. Iwo ali ndi chidaliro kuti folklore English - izo si mawu, kapena luso song, komanso luso ndi ntchito zamanja, kuvina, zikhulupiriro. Mwachidule, chilichonse wolemera mbiri ya mtundu ndi miyambo yake yonse. M'mawu ena, folklore ku England amaona zinthu ndi nzeru, opatsirana pakamwa.

Asayansi Russian zinthu mosiyana. Atafunsidwa ndi nthano iwo kukumana posachedwa "m'nthano". Kuti akutanthauza mitundu Russian mawu, masamu, nazale rhymes, nthano, epics, nthano, miyambi, ndi mawu, epic ntchito.

Komatu folklore awo si. Mwina ambiri chachinsinsi polemba chinenero cha mitundu yonse ndi conspiracies. Sapita ku sukulu, ndipo mpaka posachedwapa, akulankhula za mtundu uwu wa luso anali osavomerezeka. Komabe, anthu nthawi zonse ankafunitsitsa kudziwa zimene akuyembekezera m'tsogolo, kusintha mapeto, kukopa ndalama, kutilodza lapamtima. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, iwo anabwera ndi mazana a mitundu mawu pamodzi ndi ntchito yapadera - miyambo. "Chur ine!" - kutchula ife zinthu zoipa, nthawi zina osadziwa kuti chiwembu, ife kuwopseza kuchoka kwa iye mizimu yoipa.

Ndikuyankhula zomwe ndi nthano sitingathe kunyalanyaza wosanjikiza ena - ukwati ndakatulo. Kwenikweni, mawu akuti "ndakatulo" apa si kwenikweni yoyenera, chifukwa ukwati monga miyambi misa, miyambo songs, nthabwala. mitundu imeneyi onse amagwirizana ndi chinthu chimodzi - chilakolako kukapempha banja m'tsogolo, kutalikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa banja, kuti amukopere mphamvu apamwamba. "Ululu, Mary Irodovna, kupita tsopano, kubwera dzulo," - ambiri mibadwo ndendende palaver. Ena achita zimenezo, kukhulupirira bwino chiwembu. Ena kuponyedwa mfiti pa chizolowezi kapena "kuti mwina".

Miyambo, nthabwala, mawu m'mayiko onse kumabweretsa Fomu: wothinikizidwa, koma embodying yaikulu nzeru otchuka, chidziwitso, anapeza mazana zinachitikira. Nthabwala popanda makhalidwe amenewa amasiyana mokondwera, nthawi zina Kolko, zili zina zoseketsa. Komabe, panali nthabwala ena. Iwo ankatchedwa "bothersome maphwando a nkhani." Mapeto a nthabwala amenewa sanali, ndipo ndi chimene zosangalatsa anthu ena. "Pamene Yasha agogo - nsalu malaya. Monga nkhani yanga? Kodi mungakonde izo, ndipo ine ndimazikonda izo. Zinali choncho .... " Izi nkhani zotopetsa alandira pofuna kukwaniritsa, lero amadziwa kuti mwana aliyense monga masewera "Ugule njovu."

Nthabwala kwa ana nthawi zambiri chikugwirizana zili zosiyana. ntchito yawo - kudzilimbitsa mwana, kukopa chidwi kuti mawu audio. "Ah, nyimbo, nyimbo, nyimbo, akhwangwala atakhala pa mtengo waukulu" - kuimba ngakhale masiku ano Moms ana, nthawi zina wonyalanyaza zimene wachita kale kudziwika ndi anthu. "U" phokoso, simulating mkokomo wa mphepo, ana mwangwiro bata. Ataona izi ndi mazana a zaka wadutsa kuchokera pakamwa m'kamwa, kupeza maonekedwe osiyana chabe.

Masiku ano, pali anthu ena pa "unyamata" Mitundu: wawachifwamba, m'mizinda, wophunzira folklore. mitundu imeneyi ananyamuka ndi chitukuko cha anthu. Iwo sizinachitike mokwanira kuphunzira.

Kukangana kuti folklore (mawu akuti "folklore" ndi kuthetsa, ndi tautology), tiona kuti ntchito m'kamwa mwa fuko lirilonse yodziwika ndi makhalidwe omwewo. Izi koposa zonse, ndi kudzibisa, ndi collectivity, kusintha, improvisation.

M'nthano - ndi anthu zinachitikira, nzeru ndi chidziwitso, amene anasonyeza m'njira zina ndi Mitundu ntchito m'kamwa.