Kapangidwe ka Intaneti: kagwiritsiridwe

Masiku ano, pa Intaneti kudabwa aliyense. Access kwa maukonde ichi tsiku ndi tsiku amapereka nambala yaikulu owerenga. Malinga ndi deta ya 2015, chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa zikugwirizana wakhala kuposa biliyoni 3.3. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kwambiri kuti ndi dongosolo la zinthu zambiri za pa Intaneti mawu luso. Ambiri, ambiri, si koyenera. Komabe, maziko anaika mu mfundo za ntchito ya World Lonse Web osachepera mukudziwa Komabe tinkafunikira pa mlingo choyambirira.

ndi Internet Kodi ndi kupindika zamakono

Nthawi zambiri, pamene izo zifika lero Internet, nthawi zambiri m'malo ntchito mfundo ya World Lonse Web, kapena Web, amene akwatirana makompyuta kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko.

Ambiri, izo ndi zoona, koma pano m'pofunika kuti malongosoledwe. Monga tikudziwa, palibe kompyuta munthu mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti kudzera mu athandizi kuti zimene Mulungu amadziwa zambiri malo ena olumikizidwa kapena mafoni zipangizo. Iwo likukhalira kuti iwo onse ogwirizana maukonde limodzi. Ndipo anaitana "zopezera Intaneti" m'njira imeneyi, Internet.

Ndithudi, Internet zachokera kapangidwe ka ukwati, titero, subnets, ndipo zina zamakono wolowezana. Komanso, kupeza ndalama makamaka, sikutheka kulingalira popanda rauta, amene akhoza kusankha njira yabwino mwayi mofulumira kuti gwero anapatsidwa.

Ndipo kodi chidwi. The Internet pakokha mwini, ndipo maukonde palokha ndi zambiri danga pafupifupi kuti tsiku lililonse amachititsa munthu zambiri, nthawi zina m'malo zenizeni. Zabwino kapena zoipa, si kwa ife kuweruza. Koma tikambirane mbali zofunika kumanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa World Lonse Web.

Kapangidwe ka World Lonse Web: Mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula

Choncho, monga ife tikudziwira izo lero, ndi Internet anali sizichitika nthawi zonse. Ngati inu kukumba mu mbiriyakale, tisaiwale kuti zoyesayesa loyamba kulenga wogwirizana zambiri zopezera, amene adzatha osati popereka deta, komanso kutumikira monga ngati "womasulira" wa ya zinenero mapulogalamu kwa amaonera zambiri, Atengedwa mpaka kumbuyo 1962, pa kutalika "nkhondo ozizira" pakati pa US ndi USSR. Ndiye kunali pulogalamu pa maziko a chiphunzitso cha paketi kusinthitsa kwa deta kufala Leonard Kleinrock, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi Dzhozef Liklayder. Chamene sanali kokha kufala kwa nkhani, komanso wake "indestructibility".

Pamaziko a zikuchitikazi mu 1969 ndipo panali maukonde woyamba, wotchedwa ARPANet, anadzakhala kholo la Internet kapena World Lonse Web. Mu 1971, pulogalamu woyamba kutumiza ndi kulandira e-mail, kuti 1973, pamene anapitiriza ndi chingwe Yuro-Atlantic anayamba kupanga, maukonde wakhala lonse, mu 1983, tinasamukira ku TCP / IP protocol wogwirizana, mu 1984, anaonekera IRC luso kuti amalola kuti kucheza . Ndipo okha 1989 pa CERN ali okhwima lingaliro la ukonde lonse, amene panopa amatchedwa Internet. Ndithudi, izo zinali patali chitsanzo ntchito tsopano, ena mfundo, womwenso kapangidwe ka Internet, ndipo sichinasinthe.

Zofunikira kwa World Lonse Web

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone, kodi anakwanitsa kuphatikiza malo kompyuta munthu ndi kulumikiza zochokera pamodzi. Mfundo yaikulu ndi ntchito deta paketi ntchito ulendo wa zochokera protocol chilengedwe kuti tikhoza kuphunzira makina iliyonse. Ndiko kuti, mfundo sali mu maonekedwe a Akamva munthu, mabayiti kapena zizindikiro, ndi kuwapereka mu Onani m'magazini chipika (paketi), zomwe mwina akupanga ma osiyanasiyana m'malo mindandanda yaitali.

Komabe, kulengeza sizichitika mwachisawawa. Mu ichi dongosolo masanjidwe ndi chuma cha Intaneti ndi milingo zingapo zofunika:

• Mzere (liwilo dongosolo maseva olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake).
• amagwirizana ndi anthu ambiri komanso mfundo mwayi olumikizidwa kwa mzere waukulu.
• Intaneti Regional Udindo pansipa.
• ISPs kuti kupereka ntchito mwayi (ISP).
• Mapeto owerenga.

Kapangidwe ka nkhani pa Intaneti amenewa kuti malo lomwe kusungidwa, wotchedwa maseva, ndi mwambo (kapena kuwerenga izo ndi atautumizanso mayankho ndipo utuluke) makina - workstations. The kulanda zambiri zofanana, monga tatchulazi, maziko routers. Koma chiwembu limaoneka pongofuna chomasuka kumvetsetsa nkhaniyo. Ndipotu, chirichonse zambiri zovuta.

ndondomeko zikuluzikulu

Tsopano ife tibwera ku imodzi mwa mfundo chinsinsi chimene, akapanda ichi sikutheka kulingalira chomwe kapangidwe ka intaneti. Izi ndondomeko chilengedwe. Masiku ano, pali pali ambiri, koma chachikulu Internet ndi TCP / IP.

Choncho ndikofunikira bwino kusiyanitsa mawu awiri. IP protocol (Internet) ndi njira yolozera, kuti ali basi udindo yobereka a mapaketi deta, koma palibe njira udindo kukhulupirika ndi chitetezo cha mfundo opatsirana. TCP protocol M'malo mwake, ndi njira kupereka kugwirizana zokambirana pakati sender ndi wolandila zochokera kugwirizana zomveka pakati pa mfundo ziwiri ndi otchedwa yobereka kungakupatseni a mapaketi, ndi kukhazika mwamtheradi.

Lero, TCP / IP ndi muyezo Internet de A facto, ngakhale kuti pali ndondomeko zina zambiri, monga UDP (zoyendera), ICMP ndi kunyenga (routers), DNS ndi ARP (chizindikiritso kwa maukonde adiresi), FTP, HTTP, NNTP ndi TELNET (ntchito ), IGP, GGP ndi EGP (pachipata), SMTP, POP3, ndi NFS (positi ndi ndondomeko kulumikiza owona pa malo akutali), etc.

Dzina Domeni System

Wapadera cholembedwa ndi njira paliponse chuma. Zikuonekeratu kuti lemba adiresi ya tsamba ngati 127.11.92.785, kufika gwero kufunika, osati yabwino, ndipo (samathanso kukumbukira ma onse). Choncho, pa nthawi wapadera dongosolo ankalamulira dzina anali Itakwana amaloledwa kulowa adiresi mu mawonekedwe, monga ife tikuziwona izo lero (ku English).

Koma kuno, ndi utsogoleri wolowezana zawo. Izo, nawonso, pamenepo pali milingo angapo. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko pamwamba mlingo madambwe ndi chuma, kaya dziko dzina (GOV - boma, Com - malonda, EDU - Maphunziro, NET - network MIL - asilikali, ORG - ambiri gulu, osati zokhudzana ndi aliyense wa mitundu pamwambapa) .

Pamakhala mayina ankalamulira chuma, zomwe momveka bwino m'dziko dzina. Mwachitsanzo, US - US, RU - Russia, UA - Ukraine, DE - Germany, UK - .. Great Britain, etc. Komanso, madambwe amenewa omwe boma misinkhu yawo ngati COM.UA, ORG.DE etc. Mu .. , ndipo apa wina akhoza kupeza bwino zogwirizana milingo udindo pansipa (KIEV.UA, KIEV.COM.UA ndi T. d.). M'mawu ena, pamene akuyang'ana pa adiresi, inu athanso kudziwa osati dziko komanso Kupititsa wachokera wa gwero mkati mwake.

ntchito Basic Internet

Monga misonkhano, amene lero angapezeke pa Intaneti, m'magulu a iwo anawagawa e-mail, uthenga ndi yamakalata fayoobmennye Intaneti, zamagetsi malipiro kachitidwe, Internet wailesi ndi TV, maonekedwe ukonde amalembapo, Intaneti malo ochezera, masitolo Internet ndipo amagulitsa nsombazo, ntchito yophunzitsa "Vicky", video ndi kuchititsa wailesi ndi zina zotero. d. posachedwa Intaneti akhala siteji wotchuka kwambiri pa dongosolo lawo.

Kapangidwe Intaneti Internet chikhalidwe

Mbali wamba a dera lino Intaneti ufulu wa za Kupititsa kapena nzika. Aliyense wosuta amalenga mbiri zawo (image, kusamuka the web, zimene mukufuna dzina), ndipo kulankhulana ikuchitika ndi kufala kwa mauthenga, koma osati kudzera macheza, ndi mode payekha. Ndi macheza zitha poyerekeza ndemanga dongosolo. Komanso, aliyense wokhala mayina a dera lino akhoza kusiya otchedwa posts, kugawana ndi anthu ena zipangizo kapena maulalo a mabuku ena, ndi zina zotero. D.

Internet kapangidwe ndi chotero kuti nkhani ya ndondomeko zina, monga TCP / IP ndi IRC, izo zonse maziko ndithu. The chikhalidwe chachikulu - chonse (chilengedwe cha lolowera achinsinsi kwa fufuzani), komanso limasonyeza osachepera mudziwe osachepera za iwo okha.

N'zosadabwitsa malo munthu ndi chats, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kulowa anaiwalika. Ngakhale kamodzi-otchuka "dialer" ngati ICQ kapena QIP alibe kuima mpikisano iliyonse, chifukwa ochezera zimaonetsa kwambiri.