Vidovremennyh verebu mu Chingerezi. Table mitundu ya kasewenzetsedwe ka mau English

Mneni zimasiyanasiyana malinga kaya ntchito pa nthawi iliyonse. Tenses mu English monga Russian, anawagawa m'magulu atatu chachikulu - m'mbuyomu, panopa ndi m'tsogolo. Iwo ndi dongosolo monga tsogolo m'mbuyomu, ntchito pofuna kusonyeza zimenezi kumachitika pakati inayake m'mbuyomu mfundo ndi zenizeni, kapena kufotokoza zolinga m'mbuyomu, anafuna kuchita m'tsogolo - popanda, izo zinachitika kuti pompopompo kapena ayi.

Komanso, tenses izi mu English zambiri amamasuliridwa monga kuzindikira kuthekera kapena mawu a chilakolako cha chinachake - / ndikada ... /. Ndiko kuti, zinthu ngati zimenezi ayenera zidzachitika pa nthawi yomweyo / chiyenera / ayenera kuti atenge malo, koma pazifukwa zina sizinachitike / sizichitika / sizidzachitika.

nthawi

Tenses wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu chingelezi amapangidwa ndi magulu anayi - kalekale, wopitiriza, Wangwiro ndi Wangwiro wopitiriza chilichonse chimene inamangidwa m'mbuyomu, panopa, mtsogolo ndi mtsogolo m'mbuyomu. Izo zafika 16 zotheka nyumba osakhalitsa, omwe ali liwuli limapezeka (ndi ena, ndipo palibe m'modzi). Kusonyeza vidovremennyh mitundu ya mneni English, ife mwachidule ntchito ya nyumba izi.

Udakali chabe mawu

Ngati zochitika imagwiridwa nkhani, mawu ndi mu mawu udakali zimasiyanasiyana kuti nthawi. Mu ndi chabe mawu zochita zimagwiridwa pa chinthu, choncho mfundo za mapangidwe mkhalidwe osiyana. Njira zotsatirazi onena mmene anapanga vidovremennyh verebu mu chingelezi mu mawu yogwira. Mu chabe yemweyo ina mkhalidwe anapanga / kukhala / mu mawonekedwe zoyenera ndi participle zapitazi.

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kale (Akale)

Kalekale (zapitazi mwachizolowezi) ntchito kusonyeza kanthu mwachizolowezi, popanda kutchula nthawi yake kapena chokwanira. Chiwembu cha mapangidwe ake ali motere: yolondola infinitive mneni kutha / -ed / kapena II vidovremennyh verebu mu chingelezi, bwino anapanga.

Zakale wopitiriza (zapitazi mosalekeza) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti chinachake chimene chinakhalapo m'mbuyomu. Mneni nthawi ili pamwamba gawo anapanga / kukhala / kale Indef. ndi participle pano (Partic. I).

Zakale Wangwiro (zapitazi udzatha, zapitazi Machitidwe.) Zikusonyeza kuti kanthu kumachitika pamene kale kulembedwa. Chiwembu cha mneni amaoneka ngati / nazo (Zakale Indef.) / Pamodzi ndi m'mbuyomu participle (Partic. II).

Zakale Wangwiro wopitiriza (chosatha zapitazi udzatha, zapitazi Machitidwe. Contin.) Ntchito kufotokoza imene inatenga kamodzi kale, ndipo kenako inatha. Zimakhala aliyense kutsindika watanthauzo mfundo yakuti kanthu udzatha ndi nthawi inayake kapena mu nthawi pamene anachita, kapena mfundo yakuti zimenezi salinso chikuchitika. mneni ili lapangidwa utumiki / kukhala / mu mawonekedwe a Zakale Machitidwe. ndipo pano participle (Partic. I).

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau pano (Pres.)

Yosatha Apereke (tsopano mwambo, Pres. Indef.) Zikusonyeza kuti kanthu udzachitika popanda kutchula nthawi yake kapena chokwanira (kapena kuthekera Wonenedwa cha kutsiriza). Ndiko kuti, khalidwe limene alibe makhalidwe aliwonse. Kawirikawiri nthawi imeneyi anasonyeza zochita zonse kapena dongosolo ambiri. Galimoto maphunziro ndi kuti infinitive / kupita / si malo. Vidovremennyh verebu mu chingelezi mwa munthu 3 mmodzi. h. lowonjezera mapeto / -s / -es /.

Ano wopitiriza (tsopano losatha, Pres. Contin.) AMAPEREKA nthawi ya kanthu, amene sanabwere ku mapeto, ndicho amaona palokha ndondomeko mumpanduko. Pankhani ya ntchito mamangidwe zambiri kuonedwa kudya nthaŵi zochita malo kuti sikuti zidzachitike pa nthawi iyi. fomu iyi imakhala mneni ndi / kukhala (Pres. Indef.) / Ndipo Participle I.

Wangwiro Apereke (panopa udzatha, Pres. Machitidwe.) Asamalira kanthu udzatha, ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi yapano. Ndi ntchito m'lingaliro zomwe sizinathe anazindikira / osati amadziwa anthu amene amati ngati zinachitika kale. Kupanga mtundu umenewu mneni / nawo / kufunika kuika mu Pres. Indef. ndipo Partic. II.

Yangwiro wopitiriza (pres. Chokhalitsa udzatha, Pres. Machitidwe. Contin.) Asamalira kanthu zikusonyeza mwachindunji chomwe polojekiti anatenga amachokera ku mfundo zina isanafike zimatha mpaka tsopano, kapena china chakuti ntchito ikuchitika lero ndipo adzakhala mpaka kudza ina yapadera. Chiwembu kukhazikitsa izi zikuwonekera mneni ndi / akhale (Pres. Machitidwe.) / Wodzilemekeza ndi mgonero mu pakali pano (Partic. I).

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau m'tsogolo (F.)

Tsogolo Lachikhalire (mtsogolo wabwinobwino, F. Indef.) Asonyezanso palibe kanthu ndi makhalidwe ankafuna ndipo ndinkaganiza kuti. mneni otere akamagwira kuwonjezera / adzatero / infinitive popanda / kupita /.

Wopitiriza Tsogolo (wokhalitsa, F. Contin.) Kodi chofunika kudziwa kanthu kwa predpolgagaemogo yaitali tikudzipereka m'tsogolo. Dunn anawagwiritsa aumbike pa sluduet chiwembu: (. F. Indef) wothandiza gawo / kukhala / aikidwa pambuyo Partic. I.

Tsogolo Wangwiro (mtsogolo atamaliza, F. Machitidwe.) Limasonyeza kuti kanthu kuti tikhale ndi zomveka akamaliza ena nthawi kubwera. mneni uwu wapangidwa ndi / adzakhala / participle, ndi tensi yakale (Partic. II).

Tsogolo Wangwiro wopitiriza (wokhalitsa udzatha, F. Machitidwe. Contin.) Ntchito kufotokoza kanthu, amene amaganiza mu pafupi nthawi yotsiriza kwa ina, kapena, Tikawonetsetsa mphindi ena. Chotero eg nthawi zambiri anafotokoza zochita anapangidwa kuchokera tanthauzo simenti, ndi umboni mwachindunji kapena mozungulira chifukwa. Chiwembu cha mapangidwe amenewa mneni ndi mbali zina pa / kukhala / zooneka F. Machitidwe. kuwonjezera Participle I.

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a m'tsogolo zinachitika kale (FITP)

Tsogolo Mu kalekale (tsogolo m'mbuyomu zambiri, FITP Indef.) Amatanthauza kuti payenera kukhala kanthu, popanda akamaliza kapena nthawi makhalidwe. kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa anapanga ku mawu / ayenera / akanatero / (malingana ndi munthu) ndi infinitive popanda / kupita /.

Tsogolo KALELO wopitiriza (Tsogolo m'mbuyomu wokhalitsa, FITP Contin.) Akufotokozera za zochita kuti akanati asamathe, popanda malingaliro chokwanira ake. Kwa mtundu opatsidwa mneni yolemba dera zikuwoneka ngati / kukhala / zooneka FITP Indef. ndipo pano participle (Partic. I).

Tsogolo KALELO Wangwiro (Tsogolo m'mbuyomu udzatha, FITP Machitidwe.) Akufotokoza zochita kuti akanayenera anamaliza. Kulemba mneni izi / ayenera / akanati / kuwonjezera Participle II (ndi. Pos. Time).

Tsogolo KALELO Wangwiro wopitiriza (Tsogolo otsiriza Chokhalitsa udzatha, FITP Machitidwe. Contin.) Zikusonyeza kuti ena angachite kuti atenge ulamuliro. mawonekedwe a mneni aumbike mwa atakhala utumiki / kukhala / mu FITP Machitidwe. pamaso Partic. I.

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zonse

Mawonekedwe olondola a kasewenzetsedwe ka mau English zinapita nthawi powonjezera kutsekedwa / -ed /. The gerunds (yosavuta) anawonjezera kuti mneni ndi mathero / -ing / kuupereka kwa khalidwe la chinthu kupitiriza kapena generalizing kamvekedwe kudutsa akachita chinthu chimodzi chokha onse wofanana naye. Table mitundu ya kasewenzetsedwe ka mau English chili m'munsimu.

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osasamba

Palinso wina chiwerengero cha kuchotserapo kuti sagwirizana ndi zolinga zawo, muyenera kuloweza. Osati mtundu uliwonse vidovremennyh za liwu la mu chingelezi aumbike mwa m'malo kuthetsedwa / -ed /. Pali kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amene zinachitika kale ndi participle II mu mawonekedwe a kusintha kwa m'munsi kapena mapeto. Pali kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amene kwathunthu "wobadwanso" ndipo chotero kuti anthu onse atatu kukhala sichinasinthe.

List of kasewenzetsedwe ka mau English anapanga molondola, tichipeza zidutswa 100. Aliyense ali njira zitatu Choncho analandira kasewenzetsedwe ka mau 300. Pa dzanja limodzi, si choncho n'zosavuta kukumbukira mawu ambiri. Komanso, m'pofunika kuwasunga iwo mu malingaliro - chifukwa nthawi imene mawu ofunikira wachiwiri (kalekale) ndi wachitatu (Participle II) mitundu, ife ntchito kulikonse, ndipo m'pofunika kudziwa zimene zinthu zomwe mawonekedwe ntchito, zabwino kapena zoipa, ndipo ngati cholakwika, ndiye chiyani kwenikweni. Komano, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osasamba sizachilendo kwambiri, ndi zina kaŵirikaŵiri limagwiritsa ntchito mawu (monga mtengo wapadera, ndipo mu mau zosiyanasiyana ndi zomangamanga), kuti ambiri a iwo ife kudziwa, kuyambira kuphunzira Chingelezi.

Mogwirizana kuti ena a iwo ali modal ndi wothandiza kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, tikhoza kunena kuti kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osasamba chiyani amachuluka mu mawu. Malo oyamba pa kuwanda akutenga mneni / kukhala /, (/ kukhala /, / anali, anali /, / wakhala /), amene akhoza kuchita mtengo yake, ndipo mawu modal, ndipo monga gawo wothandiza wa kulankhula. Nthawi zambiri anayambitsa ndi mawonekedwe ake - / kukhala /, / chamoyo /, / wakhala /, / am, ndicho, kodi /, / anali, anali /, / chifuniro / ndi / ayenera, angakhoze /, koma mneni / kukhala / ali 52 mawu mawonekedwe, kuphatikizapo udakali chabe, mfundo ndi negation.