Tsamba amagazi a mbiri Soviet. Chifukwa collectivization limodzi ndi dispossession?

Collectivization ndi dispossession kale anazindikira masamba wamagazi wa mbiri Soviet. Zinali nkhondo yeniyeni, yomwe boma Soviet analengeza gulu la yaing'ono "exploiters". Pa kupondereza chifukwa dispossession, anavutika nambala zosaneneka wa anthu - oposa mamiliyoni awiri wamba wamba anathamangitsidwa m'dzikolo kuposa sikisi sauzande anafa ndi njala, mazana ambiri anafa mu ukapolo. Wamagazi chiwawa, achitiridwe wamba, ndiye sitepe yofunika kwambiri mantha Stalinist.

prehistory

Koma chifukwa collectivization limodzi ndi dispossession? Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Stalin ankafuna kuti amuchotsepo a wosanjikiza la anthu, chimene chingalowe lidzamuukira, kulanda ndi wankhanza. Zolinga kazembe m'gulu la kumalo a collectivization mu 1930 North Caucasus, ndi Middle ndi wotsika Volga. Kenako mu ndondomeko imeneyi tinali kuti agwirizane zigawo zingapo ulimi kubala tirigu. Stalin ananena kuti akufuna kwathunthu kuthetsa kulaks monga gulu, mu December 1929.

magulu zibakera

The dispossession ntchito anauzidwa kuti mwapadera bungwe komiti ya Politburo, yomwe analenga gulu la oimira kalasi zibakera. Loyamba, gulu owopsa anagwira anthu nawo ntchito potsimikizira-chosintha. Iwo akanati anamangidwa ndipo kenaka anatumizidwa ku ntchito ndende, ndi vuto la kusamvera - kuwombera. Banja zibakera Fufuzani m'dzikolo ndipo zinthu analandidwa. Zinali kalasi amphamvu kwambiri, zakutha kulimbana, nchifukwa chake malamulo a collectivization anali limodzi ndi dispossession, osawuka zimenezi zinali adzatheratu.

Gulu lachiwiri la Commission anagwira zibakera, zomwe, ngakhale kuti sanali mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi zochita kauntala-chosintha, koma powononga ntchito za ena. Mamembala a gulu anamangidwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku ukapolo ndi mabanja awo kumadera akutali a m'dzikolo. Gulu lachitatu zimachitika nkhonya kuti amenyane ndi Stalinist boma. Iwo ndi mabanja awo anachotsedwa nyumba yogona ndipo anatumizidwa ku madera atsopano, osati zokhudzana collectivization.

opareshoni

M'dera lililonse makomiti ndi magulu amene mwachindunji chinkhoswe mu ndondomeko ya dispossession. Chinali choopsya ndiponso wankhanza choonetsedwa: amene Adadzikweza oipa, chabe talandidwa ndi ku ukapolo kupewa mtundu uliwonse wa zipolowe ndi zionetsero, nchifukwa chake collectivization limodzi ndi dispossession.

District timu anafika kunyumba ya wamba anatenga zovala zanga zonse, woyamba wa nsapato zonse kusankha. Magulu amenewa akhoza ndipo ayenera kuti uziyenda chuma onse kulaks, mpaka tiyi, mitsuko ndi mapilo. anthuwo anatengedwa ngakhale mafano, ananyema, ndipo anawaponya kutali.

Oimira magulu anasankha kusiya chuma nokha kapena kugulitsa kwa anzawo pansi shopu - magulu chimodzimodzi anagonjetsa. Mamembala a gulu akhala mphamvu zopanda malire mwamtheradi. Khama la uchimo wa anthu mu nthawi ino zambiri chifukwa cha pogamula nkhani zaumwini.

Boma amapewa mavuto aliyense angathe ndipo adzathetsa opanduka onse kungachititsenso zinthu zimene padzakhala palibe kulanda boma, nchifukwa chake collectivization limodzi ndi dispossession.

chifukwa

Mbiri ya Stalinist kupondereza nthawizonse kukhala okhala mu zaka monga magazi, nthawi yoopsa. Stalin anafuna kudziteteza ku kumuopseza osiyanasiyana, ngakhale, ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa yekha kwa chiwerengero zosaneneka za imfa ndi chakuti izo nthawizonse kukhala mmodzi wa olamulira mwankhanza koposa mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi. Ndi yankho ku funso la chifukwa collectivization limodzi ndi dispossession, ndi lophweka: Stalin sanafune anthu amene ali okhoza kulimbana, ndipo anamuchotsa iwo.