Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis anthu: zizindikiro, njira ya matenda, matenda ndi mankhwala

Tiziromboti, lotchedwa Toxoplasma gondii, angayambitse matenda a anthu ndi nyama zina. Anati nthenda yotchedwa toxoplasmosis. majeremusi amene amayambitsa sanakwatire tating'ono zamoyo amene ali moyo mwachilungamo zovuta mkombero.

Njira kachilombo

Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti amphaka ali ndi matendawa. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi, anthu ena amaopa kuti awakhudze ndi kuyesa kuwapewa. Koma zoopsa ndi mphaka ndowe yekha, iwo ulipo ndipo ndi tiziromboti Toxoplasma gondii. Ndi zotheka kuti kachilombo ngati kudya nyama yaiwisi nyama zimene zawonongedwa ndi matenda. Njira ina imene HIV ndi magazi kuchokera munthu wodwala wathanzi. Komanso angayambe utero matenda a mwana wosabadwayo kuyambira amayi odwala. Koma mkaka wa m'mawere salinso opatsirana toxoplasmosis.

Amphaka akhoza kukhala matenda ndi kudya nyama matenda. Ndipotu, kungakhale onyamula mbalame, makoswe. Ziweto akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo mwa kudya nyama yaiwisi nyama zina. Amphaka ndi makamu okhazikika ya majeremusi, ndicho m'matumbo awo Toxoplasma amayamba kuchulukana, ndi tizilombo mu chilengedwe ndi anachira ndi chimbudzi.

Munthu ali yekha wapakatikati khamu la tiziromboti lapansi. Kamodzi mu thupi, Toxoplasma gondii akhoza zimafala m'magazi waikamo mu minofu, ubongo, maso ndi zimakhala ena. Iwo kuwononga maselo ndi kupanga M'mimbamo m'menemo - cysts kapena pseudocysts. Komanso, iwo akhoza kupanga kaltsinaty - majeremusi ndi impregnated ndi mchere calcium.

zizindikiro

pokhapokha kufufuza zasayansi zingachititse matenda lolozeka. Ngati seramu adzakhala wapezeka chitetezo Toxoplasma gondii, ndiye ife akhoza kukamba za zomwe anthu ndendende odwala. Ngozi ya matenda ndi kuti nthawi zambiri asymptomatic. Choncho, anthu sadziwa kuti ndi toxoplasmosis. Zizindikiro okha nthawi zina kumachitika anthu. Childs, izi zimachitika kwa anthu amene thupi lafooka ndi matenda ena.

Chotero, inu mukhoza fungo khoswe ngati:

• anawonjezera mfundo axillary lymph, iwo akhoza kufika - iwo amafanana mapangidwe wozungulira zolimba;

• ukuwonjezeka kutentha - izo zimachitikira subfebrile, koma nthawi zina afike mlingo madigiri 39;

• anamva ululu ufulu nusu chapamwamba, nthawi yomweyo pa kafukufuku anakhazikitsa kuti chiwindi ndi ndulu kukula kuchuluka.

Matendawa akhoza limodzi ndi kufooka ndi ululu minofu. Koma nthawi zambiri matendawa alibe kuonekera, gawo lake pachimake ndi asymptomatic kwa masabata.

mitundu ya toxoplasmosis

Madokotala angapo mitundu ya matenda. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri kafukufuku akhoza oterewa kobadwa nako, ocular, wamba oziziritsa, pachimake toxoplasmosis, ndi matenda amakhudza chapakati mantha dongosolo. Aliyense wa subtypes matendawa ali ndi zizindikiro zake. Podziwa iwo, dokotala akhoza kuganiza ina toxoplasmosis. Zizindikiro anthu Mwachitsanzo, mu mtundu oziziritsa matenda akhale motere:

• mutu, kufooka;

• imfa ya kumverera m'madera ena a thupi;

• Timatha zikhomo ndi masingano;

• ziwalo.

Nthawi zina ubongo toxoplasmosis munthu akhoza kukomoka. Kukula kwa zosiyanasiyana ichi cha matenda angakhale anthu ndi chitetezo wofooka, ndi matenda monga ulamuliro, odwala ndi AIDS, odwala khansa pambuyo mankhwala amphamvu ndi matenda ena.

Nthawi zina, anapezeka ndi toxoplasmosis ocular. Photos wa anthu amene ali ndi matenda amenewa, musalole kudziwa matenda. Umaonekanso mwa ululu ndi kumverera kwa "chifunga" mu maso, utachepa zithunzi acuity, zomverera kubuka. Nthawi zina matenda kungachititse kuti kumaliza imfa ya masomphenya. Nthawi zambiri, matenda diso kumasonyeza mawonekedwe kobadwa nako matendawa.

Mu anthu, chitetezo cha m'thupi kuti lafooka ndi mankhwala amphamvu kapena AIDS, toxoplasmosis angayambe ambiri. Zizindikiro anthu mwakamodzi okha kudziwika. Ndipotu mawonekedwe matendawa amakhudza minofu mtima ndi mapapo. ziwalo zofunika kwambiri akhoza kukhala chofuna ndi kusiya ntchito. Patapita mwina ngakhale imfa.

Mavuto pa mimba

Onse amayi oyembekezera gynecologists analimbikitsa fufuzani ngati akudwala matenda amenewa, ngati toxoplasmosis. Zizindikiro anthu zambiri osati umaonetseredwa, kotero pakati mwina mukudziwa kuti iye lagwira. Kumene, ngati mayi woyembekezera anali kudwala pamaso nyenyeswa mimba, ndiye matenda si owopsa kwa mwana wosabadwayo. A matenda ali woyembekezera kungayambitse mavuto aakulu. The owopsa ndi matenda mu trimester.

Choncho, toxoplasmosis zingachititse padera kapena yoopsa imfa utero. Komanso, matenda ana akhanda utero tikafere mwamsanga pambuyo pa kubadwa. Ngati mwana ali ndi moyo, thanzi lawo kungawononge mpaka kalekale kwa toxoplasmosis. Photos ana osiyana, chifukwa matenda amachititsa angapo malformations kobadwa nako. Choncho, zotsatira za matenda intrauterine monga:

- kutupa kwa mitsempha diso ndi kakang'ono m'kati - chorioretinitis (zingachititse khungu);

- ugonthi;

- kuchuluka kukula kwa ndulu ndi chiwindi;

- uzloobraznuyu wofiira zidzolo pa thupi;

- matenda a chikasu ndiyo, limene kusintha mtundu sclera maso, zikopa mucous ndi nyenyeswa khungu;

- pa akanagwiritsa kukula kwa mutu mwana: kungakhale chochepa kapena, Tikawonetsetsa mkulu;

- sachedwa kukula kwa mwana.

Inde za matenda akuluakulu

Ngati munthu ndi chitetezo chokwanira yachibadwa ali ndi toxoplasmosis, matenda ndi mwina, zilibe kuonekera. Angamaganize zina masiku ochepa, ndi kutentha akhoza kuuka ndi mfundo subfebrile. Koma ngati boma ndi chodziwikiratu wina inadza lingaliro imene mukufuna kuti aone toxoplasmosis.

Ngati mkazi kachilombo pamaso mimba, mwana si pangozi. Onani nthawi Akuti matenda kuthandiza mayesero apadera. Kuchita izi, pa kuyesa kwa magazi dokotala wanu angakulangizeni m'manja ndi maudindo ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, IgG chitetezo kwa Toxoplasma kuti matenda anasamuka kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo anayamba chitetezo chokwanira ndi. Koma IgM titer limasonyeza kuti matenda anaonekera posachedwapa mu thupi. Choncho, chitetezo amenewa amapezeka pambuyo pafupifupi 2 masabata pambuyo matenda ndi pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusanduka miyezi itatu isanafike mfundo yachibadwa.

Natural kulimbana wa chamoyo

Pamene thupi la munthu afika tiziromboti Toxoplasma gondii, chitetezo cha m'thupi sangathe kukhala opanda chidwi. Iwo amazindikira ndi chinthu chatsopano, ndipo ayamba kutulutsa zinthu zapadera, umalimbana yimitsira ake. Izi immunoglobulins kapena chitetezo. Aliyense wa boma-mitundu ndi atengeke Antigen chimodzi chokha, choti ndi kugwirizana nazo. Choncho, chitetezo cha m'thupi amalimbana ndi matenda, ndi mwazi kwa nthawi yaitali, nthawi zina kwa moyo, opulumutsidwa IgG chitetezo kwa Toxoplasma gondii.

Ndiko kuti, pamaso pa chitetezo izi zikusonyeza chokha chomwe thupi poyamba anali ndi matenda, ndipo kwa mphindi anakhalabe zimakumana izo. Mfundo imeneyi ndi yankho ku funso la tanthauzo Toxoplasma gondii mu kufufuza. Ngakhale detects iwo pa mimba sizimatanthauza kuti mantha. M'malo mwake, pamaso pa IgG ndi IgM kusowa umboni kuti matenda zinachitika nthawi yaitali, ndipo mayi tsogolo anayamba kulimbana nawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kukonzanso kachilombo pa gestation mwana sanathe kutero. Choncho, mwana ngati vuto si pangozi.

matenda a matenda

Kuona ngati pali mu thupi la odana Toxoplasma gondii, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito MAGAZI venous. Njira serological zachokera chakuti chitetezo seramu kudziwa pamaso pa matenda. Pakuti matenda bwino bwino kuti aletse immunoglobulins zonse matenda amenewa. Mwachitsanzo, kupanda Toxoplasma gondii lgG apabe sizikutanthauza kuti munthu wathanzi. chitetezo izi amatuluka nthawi yomweyo. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunika kudziwa ngati kuchuluka IgM titers. Ngati chithunzi ichi anakokomeza, nthenda zinachitika patangotha masabata angapo apitawo. Popeza yoyamba ndi matenda sanali miyezi oposa 3. Koma ngati iye ali mu uthunthu wabwinobwino, osakaniza ndi mfundo za masiku onse IgG, ndiye munthu mosakayika adzafika sanadwalepo ndi toxoplasmosis.

Matenda mu miyezi 12 zingasonyeze kuti pali chitetezo G kalasi Toxoplasma osakaniza IgM titers ku seramu. Koma nthawi zina zimenezi si kokwanira. Madokotala Nkofunika kudziwa mmene mwamphamvu ndi oteteza akhoza kumumanga kuti antigens. Mwamsanga thupi anakumana ndi matenda, ndi apamwamba m'njira imeneyi. katundu izi kumumanga kuti antigens akatswiri otchedwa avidity Toxoplasma.

Pa nthawi yomweyo kunena zimene ayenera kukhala mlingo wa mankhwala akupha, n'kovuta, chifukwa mu Laboratories osiyana anapereka mfundo zawo zizindikiro. Iwo nthawizonse kuwonetsedwa zotsatira za kafukufuku. Amayang'anitsitsa zotsatira za kuwunika Pasakhale dokotala amene osati kudziwa momwe deta ndi osiyana mwakale, komanso kumvetsa kuti amaimira titers wa IgG ndi IgM.

N'kofunikanso kuti athe kuchitira avidity wa Toxoplasma pa mimba. Ngati n'chapatali ndipo kuposa 40% ndi mapeto a trimester, mayi woyembekezerayo kachilombo pa gestation mwana angathe kuthetsedwa. Koma ngakhale otsika avidity si kunena kuti matenda zinachitika posachedwapa. Pankhaniyi tikulimbikitsidwa kuti retake kusanthula mu masabata kudziwa mmene ntchito zasintha. Pamaziko a zazikulu izi akhoza kutengapo maganizo ena za malire a matenda.

maphunziro a amayi apakati

Kuthetseratu kuthekera matenda intrauterine wa nyenyeswa, m'pofunika kufufuza amayi oyembekezera. Izi zachitika, monga ulamuliro, pa mapeto a trimester. Nthawiyi anasankhidwa mwangozi, chifukwa owopsa ndi matenda pa miyezi itatu yoyambirira. Ngakhale amayi oyembekezera ndi kachilombo zapambuyo pake, si yoopsa kwambiri ku thanzi la nyenyeswa ake.

Koma ngakhale unakhazikitsidwa kuti mayi woyembekezera mu gawo pachimake cha chitetezo toxoplasmosis opezeka seramu magazi, sizitanthauza kuti kwenikweni ali kuti mimbayo. Ngakhale madokotala mu trimester zambiri amaumirira njirayi.

Kuwonjezera chitetezo wofotokozedwa avidity. Ngati zotsatira zonse ndi zokhumudwitsa, ndi chirichonse limasonyeza kuti matenda zinachitika pakati kwa mwanayo, iwo kuona madzimadzi amniotic.

Izi ndi njira yodalirika kudziŵa ngati pali chiopsezo intrauterine zotupa nyenyeswa. Ngati mayi woyembekezera pa kusanthula zabwino toxoplasmosis, ndipo wakhala kuzindikiridwa milingo apamwamba IgM chitetezo, adokotala amalangiza PCR diagnostics. Kuchita zimenezi, puncture m'mimba ndi kupeza madzimadzi amniotic. Iwo anayesedwa poona ngati mwa iye DNA Toxoplasma majeremusi. Ngati madzimadzi amniotic momveka bwino, ndiye kulankhula zokhuza kuthekera matenda a mwana wosabadwayo sizimatanthauza: mwana wathanzi, ngakhale amayi anga chitetezo kwa toxoplasma.

njira zina matenda

Nthawi zambiri, m'njira matenda, akatswiri amalangiza, kuwonjezera MAGAZI, ndi mayesero ena. Ali ofunikira kwa matenda molondola mitundu matenda monga Toxoplasma. chitetezo akhoza wapezeka mu alionse a mitundu yake.

Voterani mlingo wa matenda m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta tomography kapena nyukiliya maginito kumveka. Maphunziro awa kuwulula zotupa yotupa mu ubongo, ngati amaganiziridwa kuti matenda chidwi ndi chiwalo imeneyi.

yosowa kwambiri chifukwa zolondola unsembe matenda ntchito biopsy. kusanthula izi, imene gawo la minofu matenda akutengedwa ndi kufufuza maikulosikopu mwatsatanetsatane.

kupewa matenda

Ngakhale kuti anthu ndi chitetezo chokwanira yachibadwa anati matenda si zoopsya, ndikofunika kudziwa mmene kudziteteza ku izo. Kumbukirani za kupewa ndi konse kuphunzira kusonyeza toxoplasmosis. Zizindikiro anthu akhoza anangotengeka, koma nthawi zina matenda ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri.

Mmodzi wa kukonzekereratu chachikulu ndi kucheza ndi nyama zakuthengo, makamaka mbalame ndi makoswe. M'pofunikanso kuti asayese nyama yaiwisi, minced nyama. mankhwala amenewa ayenera kukumana ndi chithandizo pa kutentha osachepera madigiri 77. Mu chisamaliro cha amphaka amene makamu kwa tizirombo izi ndi zofunika kupewa mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi excrements awo. Pambuyo kukonza chimbudzi ayenera kusamba bwinobwino manja anu. Kawirikawiri zonsezi ndi zokwanira konse kuphunzira mmene toxoplasmosis angayambe. Musaiwale za ukhondo - kusamba m'manja bwinobwino pamaso ndipo pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, pamaso ndipo pambuyo kuphika.

Ngati muli ndi mphaka kunyumba, onetsetsani kuti musakhudze chakudya chanu, ife sapita pa magome. Inde, mu nkhani iyi, sitingathe kukusalani ingress wa tizilombo ndi kutsegula kumatako wa nyama chakudya chanu.

Ambiri amakhulupirira Sikuti kusamba masamba, zipatso, zipatso ndi zitsamba. Nthawi zambiri mankhwala anagula pa msika anthu rinsed, koma eni wokondwa wa ziwembu munda amakonda kudya zipatso molunjika ku munda kapena mtengo. Koma n'zotheka kuti akhoza kupeza matenda kuchokera mbalame kapena makoswe.

Komanso musaiwale kuti toxoplasmosis akhoza opatsirana kudzera mu kugonana kosadziteteza. Choncho, makamaka pa mimba kugwiritsa ntchito njira chotchinga cha kulera. Kuti tichite zimenezi, woyenera makondomu amuna ndi.

chithandizo

Ponena za chithandizo, anthu ambiri kuiwala kuti nthawi zambiri n'zotheka asankhe titer wa Toxoplasma gondii IgG (zabwino). Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda wadutsa amaona munthuyo. Izo zinali kokha chifukwa cha kafukufuku anali kudziwa kuti wodwalayo wakhala akudwala, ndipo anali ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Kuchitira anaulula IgG chitetezo satero. Anthu ambiri molakwa kuti ngati madokotala si mankhwala mu chizindikiritso cha immunoglobulins amenewa, monga safuna kuthana nawo. Ichi ndicho chenicheni cha mfundo yolakwika view. Similar zotsatira - chizindikiro kuti Thupi anakana matenda ndi tisakhalenso matenda.

Chithandizo ukapezeka okha nthawi zina kumene msinkhu apamwamba IgM chitetezo. Choncho, mankhwala amakhala kuvomerezedwa kwa anthu ndi chitetezo wofooka. Chifukwa thupi silingaone kukhala chitetezo chokwanira kuthana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi kuteteza matenda a mwana wosabadwayo ndi kuchitira amayi apakati amene ali ndi mawonekedwe pachimake matenda wakhala kuzindikiridwa. chidwi linapatsidwa kwa ana amene amakhala ndi kachilombo mu utero. Madokotala kuchita zonse zotheka kupewa chitukuko cha matenda oyamba mu nyenyeswa.

Koma musanayambe mankhwala chithandizo, n'kofunika kulongosola zomwe chitetezo anali wapezeka. Therapy chofunika chokha pa nthawi imene wapezeka titers zapamwamba za IgM, ndipo anasonyeza ukupeza munthu. Therapy chitachitidwa ndi wothandizila angapo antibacterial, kusankha mulingo woyenera chithandizo chakudya.

Ngati matenda wadutsa mu mawonekedwe aakulu, mankhwala alibe zotsatira ankafuna. Zikatero, mankhwala limayendetsedwa, monga ulamuliro, kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira.

Kuti n'chongoletsa gawo pachimake za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga "Pyrimethamine" (yofalitsidwanso pansi udindo "Daraprim"). M'pofunika te, dokotala osankhidwa. The katswiri angakulangizeni kumwa mapiritsi 4 masabata mosalekeza, kapena kuchita waika ochepa a masiku 10. Chida ichi ndi kutumikiridwa mu osakaniza ndi mankhwala monga "Sulfadiazine". Childs, akuluakulu Ndi bwino kumwa mankhwala amene "Pyrimethamine" pa mlingo wa 25 mg, ndi "Sulfadiazine" - 1 g nthawi 2 tsiku.

Kuwonjezera izi zikutanthauza mankhwala "clindamycin" ingaperekedwe. Iye analandira kuwonjezera pamwamba.

Amayi apakati amene akhala kachilombo pambuyo mimba, mankhwala "Spiramycin". The kanthu za mankhwala umalimbana kuti kuchepetsa kufala kwa HIV ndi ofukula - kuchokera mayi kudwala kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Diso choipa, amene anauka chifukwa cha mwanayo matenda utero, ayenera kusonyezedwa glucocorticosteroids. Pakuti izi kukonzekera "prednisolone" angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Izo facilitates boma ndi chorioretinitis.

Ngati Toxoplasma gondii IgG, ndiye kuchiza matenda izo zimapangitsa sazindikira. Therapy ayenera umalimbana mutsogolo alili. Koma m'pofunika ngati matenda zadzetsa kuwonongeka kwa mantha dongosolo, ubongo, maso, mtima, mapapo, kapena ziwalo zina.