Mbali Homonymous wa kulankhula: tanthauzo, kalembedwe Zitsanzo

"Ife amene ali, amene ali - nthawizina iwo sangathe kudya, pamene ena ali, koma akhala opanda chakudya. Ndipo tili apa, ndiye kotero ngati izi ali ndi chakudya - kotero ife tikukuthokozani thambo ". The azithunzithunzi ndakatulo "Tilandire" ndi wolemba ndakatulo Robert Burns anati zipolowe lenileni la mawu "kumeneko," womwe Ngati munthu amatanthauza "kukhala, kuti," ndi zina - "kudya." Kodi mtundu wa nkhondo iyi: amene pakati chiyani? Kukumana - homonymous mbali ya kulankhula. Zitsanzo patsogolo.

homonyms

Pakati pa mawu m'chinenero chilichonse, komanso pakati pa anthu pa anthu, anapeza mabwenzi ena, chikhalidwe cha omwe wapangidwa malinga ndi mfundo ofotokozedwa a mayunitsi lexical ndi processing awo phonetic. Choncho tichipeza mitundu itatu: n'chimodzimodzi, antonymous, homonymous. Ndi yamasika timamvetsetsa. Nanga ndi homonym mu Russian?

Akamanena za zochitika monga homonymy, ndi dzina, mwangozi cha phokoso - fano mawu awiri kapena kuposa makhalidwe zonse kusiyana. Apa pali kusiyana zambiri magulu otsatirawa:

• Lexical homonyms, kapena - mokwanira (kuwala - mphamvu ya kuwala, kuwala - pa lapansi, chilengedwe, dziko);
• Chosakwanira, amene nawonso, anawagawa mitundu. Mbadwo Wotsirizira amadziŵika: homophones kapena homonyms phonetic - osiyana tanthauzo ndi kalembedwe, koma ofanana mu phokoso (mphambu - mphambu ndi mpira - kuvina madzulo); homographs - tanthauzo losiyana, phokoso, koma kalembedwe yemweyo (Nyumbayi - yomanga ndi loko - logwirana chipangizo); omoformy kapena morphological homonyms - osiyana tanthauzo, nthawi zina la mbali ya kulankhula, koma ofanana mu phokoso okha ena mitundu morphological.

Apa, funso limene lili homonyms mu Chirasha, kuika mfundo, ndipo mudzakhala pa homonyms morphological.

homonyms makamaka kalembedwe

Izi ndi gulu mwachilungamo lalikulu ndi osiyanasiyana a homonyms, amene anagawa mu mitundu. Kwenikweni kalembedwe homonyms - ndi mayunitsi lexical zofanana onse phokoso ndi kulemba, koma wachokera ku zigawo zosiyana za kalankhulidwe ndiponso moyenera, osiyana lexical tanthauzo, morphological, mbali kalembedwe, udindo chiweruzo. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "amene" akhoza kukhala: interrogative kapena wachibale puronauni ( "Iye anali kuyang'ana mu chipinda kumbuyo?"); adverb amatanthauza "chifukwa", "zimene", "chifukwa", "chifukwa chilichonse" ( "Bwanji iwe kuwerenga buku labwino?"); Union ( "ndinakuuzani ine ndimati Africa, koma sunakhulupirire"); tinthu (amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyambi cha ndakatulo).

mitundu ina

Gulu la homonyms - omoformy intensively kudzadza awiriawiri wapakamwa kuti chimakhudza lexical ndi kalembedwe kusanthula. Izi ndi mbali homonymous wa kulankhula. Pamene iwo amati, chimene chiri ndi zimene amadya? Iwo ayenera kuthana ndi nkhani iliyonse.

adverbs

Homonymous mbali ya kulankhula ayenera kusiyanitsa pakati pawo, ndipo pali njira zina kuchita izi. Mwachitsanzo, pali enanso ambirimbiri, zimene ziyenera wolemekezeka ku homonymous manauni, adjectives, gerunds, akuti. Chiyani? Ntchito zoona kulankhula ndi maganizo kulemba zolakwika, chifukwa mabanja awa ananena chomwecho, koma manenedwe osiyana ndi kalembedwe.

The bwana adverb isiyana ndi nauni kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa mawu yozungulira. The nauni ndi, kachiwiri - palibe. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "(pa) msonkhano": "Iye ankavutika mapazi ake patsogolo" - adverb ndi tanthauzo la "patsogolo"; "Zoyembezereka wanga kukakumana ndi mnzake wakale sichinatheke" - pa (yaitali) msonkhano ndi yozungulira mawu akuti "bwenzi", ndi liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba ndi anawagwiritsira a. Mfundo imeneyi kusiyanitsa pakati pa adverb ndi adjective. Mwachitsanzo, "(pa) -osennemu": "Dzuwa imawala m'dzinja" - ndi adverb, kalembedwe ka olondola a hyphen ndi; "Mu autumn kumwamba mitambo leaden ankathamanga" - ndi adjective zimadalira nauni "Mulungu" ndi akugwirizana ndi izo pa za jenda, chiwerengero ndi choncho, ndi anawagwiritsira kwalembedwa payokha.

Koma Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo adverbs ndi mbali utumiki wa kulankhula, monga particles, prepositions, zolumikizira, inu muyenera kufunsa funso pansi, ndi kukatenga lofanana. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga mawu "zapitazi": "Zakale masitepe mokondwera anathamangira ana" - chochitira osati mu funso, n'zotheka m'malo "kutsogolo, kumbuyo"; "Galimoto, iye anafuula" - ndi adverb tanthauzo la "pafupi, pafupi pafupi."

mabungwe

Tipitirize kuganizira chodabwitsa homonymy morphological. Mmenemo zambiri zovuta, milandu yovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kalembedwe ndi mbali homonymous wa kulankhula. Zitsanzo chingatithandize ndi kuona kusiyana pakati pawo.

chidwi ziperekedwe kwa zolumikizira monga ", chifukwa, chabwino, nayenso, chifukwa, pa dzanja ena." Pa Union "kuti" ali m'bale wake homonymous - mu funso-puronauni wachibale "zimene" ndi tinthu "kuti". Kodi kusiyanitsa iwo? Inu simungakhoze kupewa cholakwa kalembedwe. Choyamba, ngati tinthu "oti" chotsani m'munsi, kapena kusuntha mbali ina ya chiweruzo, ndipo mawu akuti "kuti" sankhani nauni, puronauni ndi patsogolo pathu. Mwachitsanzo: "Kodi ziti? - Kodi ziti? - Kodi ziti? - The chithunzi kuti iyenso "Ndipo, kachiwiri, inu nthawi zonse kuyika ina m'malo mwa mgwirizano wina. Timawerenga kuti: "Ine ndakudzerani kulankhula za mavuto amene anapeza. - Ine ndakudzerani kulankhula za backlog mavuto ".

Nawonso,

Mabungwe "komanso" anaonekera mu nkhani iyi si mwangozi. Iwo, ngati yapita "Zimphona" ali mbali homonymous wa kulankhula - adverb ndi tinthu "monga" ndi puronauni ndi tinthu wa "olingana." Kuti timvetse kuti m'pofunika m'malo mabungwe awo patsogolo pathu, mnzake kapena molumikizana "ndi" ( "Tikonda zopeka, iyenso amakonda = = iyenso amakonda, ndipo iye amakonda"). Izi ndi njira yoyamba.

Lilime ndi tinthu akuti "chomwecho" akhoza zasiyidwa kapena m'malo, ndipo mu Union - osati ( "Iye anafuna chinthu chomwecho ndi ife = Iye ankafuna kuti ife"). Komanso, mgwirizano si funso, koma kwa adverb ndi puronauni - inde. ( "Iye ankafuna omwewo (kuti ndi), ndipo kuti ife ,? Iye kwinaku ndikulimbana komanso (monga mmene), komanso ife?"). Izi ndi njira yachiwiri.

Koma, chifukwa, chifukwa

Kupitiriza ndi phunziro lathu, ndi kutembenukira kwa watsopano, osati zochepa chidwi mfundo: zinaphatikizidwa ndi osiyana kulemba mbali homonymous mokhota "koma, chifukwa, chifukwa." ufulu wawo kulemba pamodzi, ngati ali okhaokha ndipo payokha - ngati mawu akuti ndi prepositions. Kodi kuzindikira? Njira ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo wapitawu.

Ndi ukwati nthawi zonse kusankha mgwirizano wina, "koma - koma, chifukwa - chifukwa, chifukwa - chifukwa" ( "Iye ndi wojambula zoipa, koma (koma) a wokongoletsa wabwino"). Osakaniza "kwa Ndipotu," puronauni "kuti, kuti" mosavuta m'malo ndi nauni kapena adjective ndi kuika kwa iwo mafunso okhudzidwa ( "Ine ndikufuna inu kuti zikomo chifukwa (chiyani?), Kuti mubwere holide wathu ")

prepositions

Kulemba mbali homonymous wa kulankhula (Zochita kuyang'ana mu mabuku pa Chirasha) - nkhani m'malo ovuta. Chotero ife kuti phunziro mwatsatanetsatane za vutoli.

Choncho, prepositions ndi zina homonymous mbali ya kulankhula. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti anawagwiritsira ntchito yolumikizana mawu awiri kupanga mawu. Iwo sanali otumphukira ndi otumphukira. Woyamba basi ndipo m'pofunika iwo ku mbali homonymous wa kulankhula. Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• "Nyumba chinakhazikitsidwa kuti kwa mwezi umodzi. - Chodabwitsa, pakhala unakhota lakuthwa mu mtsinje ".
• "Tinayenda lonse Italy pakapita mwezi. - panali zosayembekezereka chiwembu mzere "The kupitiriza buku la.
• "Chifukwa cha kusowa nthawi I sanamalize ntchito. - I anafunsa ankatanthauza ".
• "Chifukwa cha maganizo ake atsopano ife amaliza ntchito imeneyi. - The alendo pang'onopang'ono omwazika, chifukwa cha Hostess chakudya zodabwitsa ".

Kuti pali

Mawu oyambirira a mitundu "mwa" - anachokera ndi malingaliro ndi -e ukutha, monga ntchito m'lingaliro nthawi ndi kuyankha mafunso "yaitali bwanji? liti? "Iye akapanda lexical tanthauzo paokha, inseparably chikugwirizana ndi nauni ndi. Pankhani chachiwiri - ndi homonym "mwa" - ". Mu panopa wotchera" ndi liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba ndi anawagwiritsira, chifukwa inu mukhoza kuika pakati adjective ndi Mwachitsanzo, Kulemba kutha m mogwirizana ndi malamulo onse a manauni declination.

Mu chiweruzo chachitatu, tikulimbana ndi anawagwiritsira "m'njira" pa mapeto ndi kalata -e. Monga mu chitsanzo woyamba, ali ndi phindu la nthawi, amadalira nauni. Maganizo chachinayi "mu kupitiriza" ndi liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba ndi anawagwiritsira, chifukwa n'zotheka ntchito therebetween adjective. Patsogolo pathu ndi mawu lililonse homonyms mu madera osiyana a mawu.

Mu chimake wachisanu, mawu akuti "view" kwalembedwa pamodzi monga kusonyeza chifukwa choncho ndi anawagwiritsira. Mu chiganizo chimodzi, tikulimbana ndi "amatanthauza" ndi liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba ndi anawagwiritsira ndi kulemba payokha. "View" - ichi ndi mawonekedwe koyamba, umene uli mmodzi, zinachitikira prepositional.

Pankhani chiwiri, anakumana ndi ntchito anawagwiritsira "kudzera", chifukwa n'zosatheka kufunsa funso ndi kuchita popanda izo. Ndipo mu chitatu - kukumana homonymous gerund "chifukwa" chifukwa zikutanthauza zina zochitika zazikulu, ndi kutchulidwa mkhalidwe "ndalama," ndipo ndipamene wapakamwa participle mawu.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yakuti "homonymous mbali ya mawu, tanthauzo, kalembedwe zitsanzo za" akuthandizeni kulimbana ndi mavuto onse kuphunzira Chirasha.