The vinyo wotchuka wa France. Gulu la French Wine

France ndi dera yakale kwambiri ku Ulaya, limene kwa zaka akupitiriza vinyo wake mwambo. Ndi apa m'zaka 6 BC Diyonisiyo anabadwa chakumwa mfulu.

Kodi kusankha vinyo?

A kusankha Gourmet mitundu French sadzakhala kovuta, kwa anthu sazidziwa bwinobwino zosiyanasiyana ngati angapatutse mutu. Musanayambe kugula onetsetsani kuti tikambirane zolemba pa chizindikiro botolo. Iye anasonyeza kalasi, chiwerengero cha madigiri, mtundu, zikuchokera ndi zina zabwino zina zimene kofunika salabadira.
Osati zosafuni- posankha vinyo wa France ndi tsiku lotulutsa ndi malo kupanga. ayenera kukhala zoyenera zizindikiro zapadera, mwachitsanzo chisindikizo kapena siginecha pa mabotolo kuwasindikiza mitundu mfulu.

Pogula vinyo simungathe kuphonya mwatsatanetsatane limodzi, ngakhale njira kupanga. Ngati chakumwa limasuka mu mbewu, kungakhale ufa. The zikuchokera chinthu ichi ngakhale kuthetsa munthu wamba mwa msewu. Mulimonsemo, pamaso panu kugula muyenera kudziwa gulu, mtundu ndi mtundu wa vinyo.

Gawo ndi MITUNDU zikuchokera

Share vinyo akhoza kukhala pa malo osiyana, mwachitsanzo zili carbon dioxide, kapena shuga. Komabe, chachikulu kalasi gulu. gourmets woona kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa izo. Gulu la vinyo wa France pamaziko a:

- monosepazhnye (anapangidwa kuchokera mphesa wina);
- assamblyazhnye (yopangidwa kuchokera chisakanizo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana).

Zakumwa agawanika pa zili mpweya. Apa secrete chete ndi wothwanima vinyo. France wakhala wotchuka chifukwa chake mitundu "thovu" monga Foro, ndipo ulamuliro. The vinyo chete inalibe carbon dioxide, ndi wothwanima - mnzanu. Pakali pano, ndi mtundu wachiwiri chotchuka kwambiri mu malo odyera mkulu-mapeto padziko lonse.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa vinyo wa shuga zauma, theka-youma ndi mchere kuti ali wokoma kapena semisweet. Monga mowa, zonse zimadalira njira nayonso mphamvu. Kuchuluka kwa mowa zosiyanasiyana mpaka 23%.

Quality gulu

Anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti vinyo French ndi shoddy flavored. Woyamba khalidwe mlingo monga amatanthauza zimenezi. Izi muyezo VDT, mitundu mwachitsanzo tebulo. Anapangidwa kuchokera mphesa nthawi zambiri wamkulu m'mayiko ena luso m'deralo. Nthawi zambiri, vinyo awa assamblyazhnymi. kuti iwo ali kochepa, kotero mtengo ndi wotsika. mowa okhutira - 15%.

Mlingo wachiwiri wa khalidwe - VDP, kapena mitundu "m'dera". Zofunika zakumwa ngati ndi pang'ono kuposa chipinda chodyera. Iwo ayenera kukhala ku mphesa wamkulu yekha m'gawo ena akamaziwononga. mitundu izi imvera Zokoma mokwanira. Olemera kukoma makhalidwe ndi muli osachepera 9% mowa. Mtengo wa botolo la lochepa zimadalira zosiyanasiyana ndi.

Kwambiri ndi vinyo yabwino ya France a gulu la AOC. The lonse ndondomeko kupanga ku zokolola kuti bottling umalamulidwa ndi ntchito yapadera. Pali zofunika tsatanetsatane wa kumene ndi mmene mphesa mwakula, kumene kusungidwa ndi momwe kutigwira, kodi nthawi zipolowe ndiponso ena mbiya. Kuwunika ikuchitika mosamalitsa motsatira malamulo. Kumapeto kwa vinyo anatumiza kwa Commission mu zasayansi kufufuza kenako okha kulawa. Kuti Mlengi walandira chilolezo kumasula kumwa, mankhwala ake m'pofunika mayeso khumi, koma njira yokhayo kukwaniritsa wangwiro. Kumvetsa tanthauzo la French vinyo gulu akhoza kuthandiza ogula wosadziwa kusankha yolondola imodzi uliwonse kapena china. Dziwani kuti zakumwa opangidwa mu zigawo ambiri amavomereza (Bordeaux, Burgundy, Languedoc, ndi zina zotero. D.), ndiye kuti basi wachinsinsi monga AOC. Kukhala enaake a khalidwe nthawizonse anasonyeza pa chizindikiro, komanso gawo limene mphesa atakula. Pa mabotolo ena mungapeze lolembedwa «Premier cru» kapena «chachikulu cru» - izi ndi gulu zina zikusonyeza apamwamba kalasi mankhwala.

Bordeaux vinyo

mitundu Awa ndi Afalansa zamakolo amatchedwa "mphatso za m'nyanja." chakuti m'mayiko vinyo zili pakati mitsinje atatu: Garonne, Dordogne ndi Gironde. Mwa zigawo osankhika ndi kupereka Burzhe-Blaye, Liburne, Entre-Deux-Mer, Soterne ndi ena. Izi lalikulu wopangidwa yekha vinyo wa Bordeaux. France kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma 19 anali wotchuka mu zikomo dziko kwa mitundu monga Chateau Margaux, Semillon ndi Cabernet Franc.

Bordeaux vinyo ndi ndinasintha chosiyana ndi zina. Chifukwa cha ichi mwina zinthu monga pozizira ndi dongosolo makamaka kwa nthaka. Komanso okha winemakers yabwino kuchokera ku dziko lonse ntchito m'derali. Pa mbali kuphatikiza mitundu awa ali ndi moyandikana pa nyanja, limene limachita opindulitsa pa khalidwe la mpesa wa.

Bordeaux ndi chimodzi cha vinyo bwino assamblyazhnyh Europe. Miyambo woyera mitundu monga Semillon, Sauvignon ndi Muscadelle. France vinyo wofiira opangidwa m'gawo la Bordeaux: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot ndi ena. Aliyense wa mitundu izi zodabwitsa kwa moyo wautali awo, wosakhwima amakambirana ndi kapangidwe wapadera. Chinthu osiyana ndi mzere Château Margaux, amene ankaona kwambiri osankhika "mphatso za m'nyanja."

vinyo Burgundy

mitundu izi ndiye yekha apamwamba "umafunika". vinyo Burgundy la France ndi zofewa kamapezeka m'mafuta aftertaste ndi acerbity pang'ono.

Mu sukulu Joseph Drouhin ndi Faiveley, amene anaonekera kutha kwa 90s, chogwirizana apulo wangwiro ndi vwende mowa wotsekemera, thundu khungwa ndi amondi. A kapangidwe poterera ndi kuunika utsi kukoma kupanga chakumwa ndi zosaiŵalika ndi wosayerekezeka. Mtundu La Chablisienne ndi wosamvetsetseka golide mtundu ndi pang'ono Kamaoneka kulocha. Iwo zimaonetsa fungo zofewa kuti Chili ndi apulo ndi peyala, ndi pichesi, ndipo lalanje peel, ndi ukuyanga clover. Chifukwa sanalamulire kukoma wochuluka anali sadamve mu linga madigiri 12.

Dziwani zosiyanasiyana Pascal Bouchard, makamaka 1998 lachitsanzo chaka. vinyo - mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa a Burgundy, amene kupsa pansi gulu la "Grand". Anthu amatcha izo m'mudzi chifukwa cha kukoma lakuthwa kwambiri, koma kukoma kwa chakumwa ndi zokometsera kwambiri.

Inu simungakhoze kunyalanyaza zosiyanasiyana La Chablisienne. Chakumwa golide wolemera zosakaniza onunkhira, womwenso spearmint, ndi amondi ndi Jasmine, ndi vanila, ndipo ngakhale laimu.

Vinyo wa Loire Valley

Akukhulupirira kuti mipesa woyamba kudera wooka St. Martin mwamsanga chaka 380 BC. e. Yopangidwa pano vinyo wofiira wa France zosiyana zamaluwa-kamapezeka m'mafuta kununkhira lomveka wosaoneka wa utoto.

A mitundu ambirimbiri a Vallée de A La Loire akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka pinki Chinon ndi Bourgueil. Mu malo otchedwa Montlouis kukula mphesa, amene kutulutsa vinyo mchere. Pali sangathe kuona pa zolemba mawu "okoma", monga mitundu izi m'dera lino amatchulidwa kuti "zofewa". N'chimodzimodzinso ndi vinyo wokoma, amene m'chigwa Laura wotchedwa mowa wotsekemera.

Alumali moyo wa mitundu imeneyi - kuchokera zaka 10. Nthawi zina, mungathe kutsegula botolo patatha zaka 4. Womveka woyera vinyo wa France ndi Valley - Saint-Nicolas de A Bourgueil. Ya mitundu ina ya gulu la AOC mu dera la Loire si superfluous osanenapo Daniel Allias, Foreau ndi Francis Mabille.

Vinyo wa Rhone Valley

Izi chonde kum'mwera dera France chatsegulidwa ndi posachedwapa - pachiyambi cha zaka chikwi zatsopano. Choyamba aime Crozes Hermitage vinyo ndi Gigondas. Izi zakumwa amasiyana mphamvu ndi machulukitsidwe. Mu fungo wothira raspberries, yamatcheri, zonunkhira, khungwa la mtengo waukulu ndi licorice. Kutha kwa 2001 anabwera kuwala vinyo mzere Chateaunef du Pape. Izi mdima wofiira chakumwa kusungidwa kutchulidwa kukoma kwa nthuza ndi kukhudza nyama kusuta ndi zonunkhira. Masitolo kwa zaka 15.

France woyera vinyo, lopangidwa mu Rhone chigwa, yodziwika ndi Kusefukira yosalala malankhulidwe chikasu ndi kuukonza chidwi cha kukoma. zosakaniza kampani ndi mthethe uchi ndi violets phula. Oimira bwino mitundu - Hermitage cha 2000 ndipo Condrieu TH 2002.

Languedoc Roussillon vinyo ndi

Pamaso kulandira ufulu wodzilamulira, Algeria mitundu izi chinachitika pa ziwonetsero onse padziko lonse ndi tastings. Kuti tsiku, zoona zake n'zakuti m'dera lino ndi ndalama zokwanira kuti akonze zinthu zonse zofunikira kulima mphesa, osanenapo mankhwala ake. Mwatsoka, nyengo yabwino ndi lachonde - chinthu chokha chimene akhoza kudzitama kamodzi odziwika m'dera Roussillon ndi Languedoc.

Ambiri mitundu m'dera la vinyo kuchokera France muyaya kumizidwa mu anaiwalika kumayambiriro 1980s. Komabe pali zingapo yaing'ono dziko oyenerana m'gulu la AOC. The vinyo wotchuka opangidwa momwemo Cotes du Rousillon ndi Coteaux du Languedoc.

M'chigwa ndi Languedoc Roussillon kutulutsa mitundu ambiri ofiira ndi pinki.

vinyo wa Shampeni

M'dera lino, dziko mosamalitsa ogaŵikana kumudzi, kumene iwo kukula kokha mitundu yekha ndi limazipukusa kudzera luso chinsinsi. Monga amadziwika, wotchuka kwambiri vinyo wa France - ndi ofiira ndi oyera shampeni. Yopanga zakumwa awa anthu a ku midzi izi apadera kupereka moyo wake wonse. Mu atatu a mitundu yabwino ya shampeni m'gulu Blanc de A Blancs. Mwini wa dziko kwa zaka zambiri ndi Monkyui banja. Blanca botolo la 1995 Akuti pa ndalama zambiri, ndipo zikomo onse kukoma zokongola za chakumwa cha.

Komanso pamwamba atatu zikuphatikizapo shampeni pamaziko a mitundu achifumu "Pinot Meunier", wophuka yekha m'mayiko a Jean Mutarde mu Syurmelene.

Musaiwale za pinkish chakumwa Mutare mafumu. Pa gawo la Côte-de-Bar wapangidwa imodzi yabwino kuwala shampeni dziko.

The vinyo wa Savoie ndi Jura

zigawo izi zili kum'mawa kwa Burgundy, pafupi Saone Mtsinje. Ndiyamika wabwino winemakers malo chaka chonse kuti tikondwere mafani wake ndi Chardonnay mwatsopano ndi Chateau Chalon. Pafupi Jura mapiri kukula mitundu bwino onse woyera ndi wofiira, choncho eni dziko ndi lalikulu kuyezetsa pansi "zilandiridwenso". Dziwani kuti pa Savoy anapanga bwino wokoma vinyo wa France.

Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ya m'deralo ziri zofiira Pulsar, Trousseau ndi Pino Nuar, komanso zoyera - Savannah ndi Chardonnay. Chinthu chapadera cha vinyo Jura ndi mkulu linga - mpaka 16% mowa. Izi zimatheka kuyamika wapadera yisiti otchedwa mikoderma mlandu.

The odziwika bwino kwambiri zosiyanasiyana m'dera ndi woyera Chateau Chalon.

vinyo wa Provence

Kwa anthu ambiri, mitundu imeneyi imakhudzana ndi m'midzi ndi madera yatcheredwa ndi maluwa. Mwatsoka, vinyo wouma France, omwe amatuluka mu Provence, osati monga mwa kufuna zakumwa ofanana kuchokera Burgundy kapena Bordeaux, koma ali mafani awo okhulupirika. Nthumwi zofunika zosiyanasiyana ndi Bandol. Wolemera vinyo wofiira zimagawidwa monga AOC. Yodziwika ndi fungo wachuma wa zonunkhira, zipatso ndi masingano. Kukhwima mu mbiya thundu kwa zaka 2, koma mapeto wangwiro angathe kuzikwaniritsa mu zaka khumi.

Mukhozanso kusankha vinyo wofiira wa Côte de A Provence. Amachita a mphesa monga "Ser", "Carignan" "kunuaz" "Vermentino" "Mourvèdre" neri Al.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi yokwera mtengo vinyo wa France

Chibwenzi, olemera ku dziko lonse ndi okonzeka kulipira masauzande madola mitundu yekha ndi Chateau okhawo. The French vinyo kwambiri ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma kukoma amaoneka pa nthawi mwayi ulipo umodzi basi moyo.

Mu malo chachitatu ndi Chateau Mouton Rothschild. botolo la 1945 ndi zokwana madola 115 zikwi. Kudzilungamitsa kulemekeza taster ndi wokhometsa adzaitana chakumwa chenicheni vinyo chozizwitsa.

Pa mzere wachiwiri anakakhala Château Lafite 1787 lachitsanzo chaka. Today French vinyo wa mzere izi zikhoza kugulidwa ku sitolo ina iliyonse, koma nthawi kuti kunali kokha botolo dziko Chateau Lafite. mtengo wake zokwana madola 160 zikwi.

Zodula kwambiri ndi azidzipereka French vinyo ndi shampeni Monopoli ku zokolola za 1907. Mtengo wa botolo Ufumuyo chakuti pamene chinaperekedwa kwa Tsar Nicholas II, koma kenako anamwalira mu polumikizira pa First World nkhondo. Komabe mosadziwa amapunthwa pa katundu wamtengo wapatali 1998, gulu la osiyanasiyana. Tsopano Monopole botolo ndalama palibe ndalama zokwana madola 275 zikwi.