The mitsinje m'Nyanja Caspian: A mndandanda, maonekedwe, makhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe

Caspian Nyanja - imodzi yaikulu madzi mchere wa dziko lapansi, yomwe ili pa mphambano ya Ulaya ndi Asia. Malo okwana ali pafupi 370 zikwi mamita lalikulu. Km. Mosungiramo 100 alandira zambiri mitsinje madzi. Mitsinje yaikulu loyenda mu Nyanja Caspian - Volga, Ural, Emba, Terek, Sulak, Samur, Kura, Atrek, Sefidrud.

Volga Mtsinje - ngale ya Russia

Volga - mtsinje ukuyenda mu Russia, mwina mitanda Kazakhstan. Imagwera mu gulu la yaikulu komanso yaitali mitsinje Padziko Lapansi. La utali wonse wa Volga ndi zoposa 3500 Km. The mtsinje zimachokera ku mudzi Volgoverkhovye Tver dera, yomwe ili Valdai Hills. Kenako, akupitiriza kusamukira ku dera la Chitaganya cha Russia.

The Volga Mtsinje amalowa m'Nyanja Caspian, koma alibe mwachindunji mwayi kwa nyanja, kotero adzaupereka kwa otaya mkati. Watercourse limatenga 200 makhwawa ndipo ali oposa 150 tysyach m'ngalande. Lero, pa malo mtsinje anamanga zonse otaya, potero kwambiri yafupika kusinthasintha madzi.

Mtsinje usodzi osiyanasiyana. Mu vwende Volga chimaposa: Field wotanganidwa mbewu mafakitale ndi dzinthu; ncho mchere. M'dera la Urals anapeza mafuta ndi gasi minda. Volga - mtsinje waukulu kupita mu Nyanja ya Caspian, kotero ndikofunika kwa Russia. Waukulu dongosolo zoyendera kulola kuwoloka mtsinje, ndi Pulezidenti Bridge. Iye ndi Alevi Russia.

Urals - mtsinje ku Eastern Europe

Urals, komanso utuluke Volga Mtsinje m'gawo la maiko awiri - Kazakhstan ndi Russia. Dzina mbiri - Yaik. Iwo zimachokera ku Bashkortostan pamwamba pa lokwera Uraltau. Ural Mtsinje amalowa m'Nyanja Caspian. kusambira ake dziwe ndi chimodzi waukulu latsopano la Russia, ndi m'dera mamita lalikulu oposa 230. Km. Chidwi mfundo izi: Ural Mtsinje, mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, amatanthauza mkati mtsinje European, ndipo okha pamwamba panopa ake mu Russia limabweretsa Asia.

M'kamwa mwa watercourse pang'onopang'ono shallower. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mtsinje ukugawa mu nthambi angapo. Mbali imeneyi ndi khalidwe la utali wonse wa njira. Pa madzi osefukira Tingaone ngati Urals mwa magombe ake, mfundo, monga ena ambiri mitsinje Russian kupita mu Nyanja ya Caspian. Izi zimaonekera makamaka m'madera ndi osaya mwanyanja. Madzi osefukira limapezeka pa mtunda wa mamita 7 kuchokera bedi mtsinje.

Emba - Kazakhstan Mtsinje

Emba - mtsinje ukuyenda pa dera la Republic of Kazakhstan. dzina unachokera kwa chinenero Chitekimeni, kwenikweni likumasuliridwa kuti "chakudya chigwa". Beseni mamita lalikulu 40,000. Km. The mtsinje akuyamba ulendo m'mapiri Mugodzhary ndi loyenda ya Caspian maganizo, anataya m'madambo a. Akudabwa mitsinje m'Nyanja Caspian, tinganene kuti utumiki wa loyenda pa Emba ukufika beseni ake.

Mu mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya mtsinje pokhala yotengedwa zachilengedwe monga mafuta ndi gasi. Funso kwa malire pakati pa Ulaya ndi Asia watercourse Emba, monga mu nkhani ya p. Urals, kutsegula mutu lero. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chinthu chachilengedwe: mapiri a Ural mapiri, ndiwo Buku chachikulu malire kutha, kupanga malo homogeneous.

Terek - phiri mtsinje madzi

Terek - mtsinje wa North Caucasus. dzina kwenikweni anamasuliridwa ku Turkey monga "popula". Terek umayenda kuchokera glacier kwa phiri la Zilga-Hoch ili Trusovsky Caucasus lokwera chigwa. The mtsinje bedi umadutsa m'dziko la limati ambiri: North Ossetia, Georgia, Stavropol Gawo, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan ndi Chechnya. Iwo amalowa Caspian Nyanja ndi Gulf wa Angelo. Kutalika kwa mtsinje mowonjezera 600 Km, kusambira dziwe malo pafupifupi 43 zikwi sq. M. Km. Choona chidwi kuti pakatha zaka 60-70, otaya ndipamene latsopano polumikizira malaya poyesa kutaya mphamvu zawo ndi kutha.

Terek, ngati mitsinje ina kupita mu Nyanja ya Caspian, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zofunika chuma munthuyo: ntchito kuthirira malo louma otsika pafupi. Komanso mu mtsinje amadzimadzi ndi angapo HPP, chiwerengero pachaka yopanga oposa 200 miliyoni kilowatt • h. Posachedwapa ife kukonzekera kukhazikitsa zina okwerera latsopano.

Sulac - amadzimadzi mtsinje Dagestan

Sulak - mtsinje kuti zikugwirizana otaya Koisu Avar ndi Andean Koisu. Izo zikuchitika pa dera la Dagestan. Yambani ndi Main Sulak chigwa ndipo itha njira yake mu m'Nyanja ya Caspian. Cholinga chachikulu cha madzi mtsinje pakati pa mizinda iwiri ya Dagestan - Makhachkala ndi Kaspiysk. Komanso pa mtsinje kale angapo opangira magetsi mphamvu okwerera, izo akufuna kukhazikitsa latsopano wowonjezeka mphamvu linanena bungwe.

Samur - ngale ya Southern Dagestan

Samur - Mtsinje, lili pa nambala wachiwiri kukula mu Dagestan. Kwenikweni, dzina la m'mayiko a Aryan amatanthauza "kuchuluka kwa madzi." Yambani zokumbira anu pa phazi Guton; mu madzi Caspian Nyanja amalowa manja awiri - ndipo Small Samur Samur. The okwana kutalika kwa mtsinje pang'ono pa 200 Km.

mitsinje onse kukasonkhana ku Nyanja Caspian zofunika dera, amene kutenga malo. Samur yotero. Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito dziko la ulimi wothirira mtsinje ndi makonzedwe a anthu a midzi yoyandikana ndi madzi akumwa. Ndi chifukwa cha izi zamangidwa ndi chiwerengero cha opangira magetsi nyumba wambiri Samur-Devechi njira.

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri (2010), Russia ndi Azerbaijan anasaina mgwilizano Interstate zofuna mbali zonse za ntchito zomveka chuma cha Samur Mtsinje. mgwirizano umenewu m'gulu kusintha Kupititsa pakati pa maiko awiri. M'malire a dziko limati awiri anasamukira ku pakati pa matamanda a madzi a.

Kura - mtsinje waukulu kwambiri Transcaucasia

Akudabwa mitsinje m'Nyanja Caspian, ine ndikufuna kufotokoza otaya Kuru. Kupita pa nthaka ya mayiko atatu: Turkey, Georgia ndi Azerbaijan. M'litali otaya pa 1000 Km, malo okwana beseni 200 sq. M. Km. Mbali ya dziwe ili pa dera la Armenia ndi Iran. Gwero la mtsinje ili m'chigawo Turkey wa Kars, imaphwera mu madzi Caspian Sea. njirayo yaminga mtsinje, anaika mwa m'maenje ndi zigwembe, chomwe nalo dzina lake, limene kumasulira chinenero Mingrelian amatanthauza "chikudya", umene ndi Kura - mtsinje, "kudziluma" kudzilola pa mapiri.

Iwo ali m'mizinda yambiri, monga Borjomi, Tbilisi, Mtskheta ndi ena. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothetsa zosowa zachuma a anthu okhala m'mizinda imeneyi kukhala nsomba, zomera hydropower ili, maziko pa Mtsinje Mingechevir madzi posungira ndi chimodzi mwa nkhokwe zofunika kwambiri mwatsopano madzi Azerbaijan. Mwatsoka, boma zachilengedwe a otaya ndi osauka: mlingo wa mankhwala oipa kangapo wamkulu kuposa malire a malamulo a chovomerezeka.

NKHANI Atrek

Atrek - mtsinje, yomwe ili m'dera la Iran ndi Turkmenistan. Iwo anachokera mu Chitekimeni-Kharasan mapiri. Chifukwa ntchito yogwira m'banja ayenera ulimi wothirira, mtsinje anakhala osaya dziko. Pachifukwa ichi, kuti Nyanja ya Caspian, iye chimadza kokha nthawi chigumula.

Sefidrud - kuchulukitsa Caspian mtsinje

Sefidrud - mtsinje waukulu wa boma aku Iran. Poyamba anapanga madzi kuphatikiza ziwiri mitsinje - Kyzyluzen ndi Shakhrud. Tsopano ndizoonekeratu ku Shabanau mosungiramo ndipo amalowa kuya ya Caspian. The okwana kutalika kwa mtsinje 700 Km. Chirengedwe cha posungira wakhala chinthu chofunika. N'zotheka kuchepetsa ngozi ya madzi osefukira, potero angatetezere mzindawo ili mu ankadziwana la mtsinje. Madzi ntchito kuthirira dziko ndi okwana m'dera la pa 200 zikwi. Mahekitala wa dziko.

Monga Tingaone zakuthupi, chuma madzi a Dziko Lapansi ndi osasamalika. The mitsinje m'Nyanja Caspian, amagwira ntchito mwa munthu kukwaniritsa zosowa zake. Ndipo uyu ali zingawononge chikhalidwe madzi awo zatha ndi kusukulutsa. N'chifukwa chake asayansi padziko lonse akuchenjeza ndi kuchititsa propaganda yogwira, akuitana kupulumutsa ndi kusamalira madzi Padziko Lapansi.