The mbali ndi mbali ya deralo. Zizindikiro za m'dera mafuko. Community - ziri ...

Community - gulu la anthu amene amakhala mu m'dera lomwelo (mzinda, mudzi ndi mudzi, Pamudzi) ndi umanena ndi zinthu wamba wauzimu, ndale ndiponso zachuma. Chimodzi mwa zinthu chawo chachikulu ndicho motere: membala aliyense akudziwa kuti membala wa gulu, wosiyana ndi ena. mudera ndi mawonekedwe wodzilamulira gulu la anthu. Tikupereka mfundo kukomana naye.

Ammudzi monzama

M'lingaliro wodziika a m'deralo - ndi mudzi wa anthu olumikizidwa kwa mzake, amene apanga mbiri yakale. ubwenzi zachokera malo okhala (m'tawuni kapena akumidzi chitaganya), mamembala ake za thupi chikhulupiriro makamaka (chikhulupiriro ofotokoza), kufanana kwa zochitika (katswiri). Komanso, dera - kuyanjana womwe anthu zogwirizana ndi malo wamba kubadwa, kapena mamembala a makamaka fuko. Izi imakhudzanso anthu amene amakhala kunja kwawo mbiri (fraternity).

Ammudzi m'njira yopapatiza

M'njira yopapatiza ya m'dera - mtundu wa bungwe chikhalidwe cha anthu, amene ali mwa wamkulu. Iwo khalidwe la siteji oyambirira a chitukuko cha m'mitundu yonse. munthu wina, kapena wopangidwa mwa anthu angapo ku gulu zaka wosazindikira, monga ulamuliro, sakanakhoza kupulumuka. Zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti apeze zosowa zawo osachepera osachepera chuma ndi katundu kutero. Choncho, anthu kupanga m'madera kuti musunge m'nyumba pamodzi. Choncho ogwirizana iwo consanguinity - maziko kwambiri zachilengedwe. Choncho panali alimi a mafuko. Liwulo motere: gulu la apabanja amene ali olowa m'nyumba. Mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha banja, anali kusaka, ndiye - kusonkhanitsa ndipo potsiriza, ng'ombe kuswana ndi / kapena ulimi.

ntchito m'dera pamaso boma

Pa nthawi imene boma kulibe, Gona onse olumikizidwa ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo, chuma, zimakhalira pachibale ndi banja lolunjika pa mlingo ammudzi. Imakhala mamembala ake ndi zonse zofunika, sasowa chamoyo. The zikuchokera mabanja ena anali Madera, chikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe ankadalira zimene zinali mbali ya chitukuko cha chitukuko ichi. Ammudzi pachiyambi linakhalapo, nthawi zambiri chikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa. Fuko anali mgwirizano wa magulu angapo. Choncho anakonza anthu akale.

Nyumba kapena dera banja

Nyumba, kapena banja imatengedwa kukhala wapadera generic. M'magazini chake n'chiyani? Zizindikiro za mtundu uwu zotsatirazi mafuko ammudzi. Amakhala wa banja lalikulu, wopangidwa mwa mibadwo atatu kapena asanu otsatira a abale. Pambuyo ranching kapena ulimi anali pa maziko a chuma mdera, adakula udindo wa anthu odziwa. Iwo ankatchedwa akulu. Iwo anakonza ntchito gulu, atsogoleri achipembedzo, atsogoleri a asilikali ankhondo. Anthu awa anali mu maso a anthu ena ammudzi waweruzidwa ulamuliro. Institute of Chiefs ndi akulu ankhondo, asayansi masiku ano kuona Ndisanaumbidwe chuma m'tsogolo ndiponso lochitira chikhalidwe.

Kupititsa ammudzi

Kuzunza ubwenzi magazi pakati pa anthu a mmudzimo ndi chiwerengero cha abale wofooka. mamembala onse akutali a mtundu anakakhala pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Ena ayamba kulenga banja kunja ammudzi. Choncho, mgwirizano wa anthu mwaona alibe mbali zonse za anthu ammudzi mafuko. M'malo mwa m'kupita kwa kusanduka chikhalidwe wabwera dera lawo, kapena anansi. Association of anthu chinachitika mu nkhani iyi, zochokera moyandikana okhala awo.

udindo wa dera pambuyo pakutchulidwa wa boma

Community anali mabanja ena omwe anali munda wawo. Iye anali ndi tsankho kapena zonse wodzilamulira. Nthawi zambiri, oyandikana m'dera ogwirizana ndi alimi ufulu. Malinga ndi dziko iwo ali ndi malo wamng'ono.

Ammudzi mu dziko wakale ankaimba udindo wa chisamaliro chachikulu dongosolo chikhalidwe, cell ake chonse. Zinali iye amene anali nkhani ya kupereka msonkho (msonkho) ndipo akupezeka asilikali Army. m'deralo zambiri inasanduka umodzi ndale ndi m'zigawozo boma. Mu chimango ubale imatsatira malamulo osalembedwa mwambo, koma patapita kanthawi wakhala mulibe malamulo boma. Malingana ngati mpingo anaimba ntchito ndi boma, zilibe zambiri kuvutitsa ake. Chinathandiza ichi otchedwa esprit de A Corps, limene opaleshoni mu anthu am'dera momwemo. Zinatanthauza kuti anthu ake onse amene anali ndi udindo onse.

Ammudzi woyendayendawu

Kuchokera amudziko la anthu ankadalira kuona oyandikana nawo mmudzi. Woyendayendawu Mwachitsanzo, kugawira odyetserako ziweto, kampani zikugwira mwagwirizana pa masoka achilengedwe kapena imfa ya ng'ombe. Madera woyendayendawu nayo nthawi zonse kusamala ng'ombe zawo, kotero iwo anali okhazikika gulu lankhondo.

ammudzi ulimi

Yosiyana anali kulankhula ulimi. ntchito yake yaikulu inali zonse unagona zachuma ndi dziko akuwuka anthu ake. Tikumbukenso mbali yofunika ya m'deralo: ntchito ambiri ka madzi, nkhalango ndi msipu. Uliwonse chitukuko izo anali ndi makhalidwe ake, malingana ndi maonekedwe a boma ndi mphamvu za boma, kupezeka kwa malo oyenera processing. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa anthu Asia ndi Zapakati a m'madera a kum'mawa kalelo, banja lililonse analandira magawo awo mu nyengo kukula. Izi anaikidwa pa umwini cha anthu, ndipo boma anali mwini wapamwamba wa m'dziko. Mu Roma ndi Greece wakale, membala wa anthu am'dera ali ndi ufulu gawo lake. Koma kuchokera kunadzetsa imfa awo. M'gulu la German wa Early Ages Middle (mtundu otchedwa) ndi ufulu chopanda malire ndi magawo. Pankhaniyi, ntchito m'dera zinali zochepa kwa milandu ndi ntchito m'dziko wamba.

Kuchotsedwa ntchito ammudzi

N'chifukwa chiyani mawonekedwe kucheza ndi anthu odukaduka? Tiyeni tione zifukwa zazikulu. Chifukwa chakuti anthu ammudzi chawonjezeka kwambiri, panali kuchepa kwa malo oyenera processing. Ndiyeno tinayamba kuikidwa zoletsa kukula. Wamba malo chitukuko cha ulamuliro ang'onoang'ono linakhala cholowa cha Ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Iwo anayamba kufalitsa zosiyanasiyana kudalira tidakocheza payekha pa Mbuye wawo. Panthawi imeneyi m'dera anayamba kuyan'ana malipiro yake ya lendi wamba ang'onoang'ono. Iye kenako ntchito zawo milandu, ndi wodzilamulira chakhala zochepa. Komabe, ngakhale ndondomeko ntchito m'dziko wachokera ku dera, kapena njira za kulima pafupifupi osati masinthidwe pa nthawi ino. kusiyana Professional a mamembala Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira mdera (India, wakale Egypt, otentha Africa, akale Japan, Oceania) anali atathana okhwima magawano mu mitundu.

Ena zizindikiro wamba za mudzi

Mwamsanga ntchito ya zaulimi, amafuna yaikulu kwambiri (kukolola, ndikutchetcha, etc.), m'mitundu ambiri anachita pamodzi anthu a mmudzimo. Ndi zofunika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mafunso okhudza kufalitsa zopereka zosiyanasiyana ndi misonkho boma, anagwidwa ndi amuna mu misonkhano ambiri. zochitika Current anatsogolera mutu wa m'deralo. Iye ankatsogoleranso ake pamaso pa akuluakulu a boma.

ndi zizindikiro za banja ife anaiwala kutchula chiyani? Iye, komanso dera lawo, ali ndi chizolowezi mwakufuna udindo ndi zachuma a alimi. Wamkulu katundu msonkho anaberekera wolemera anthu ake. Mphamvu ya m'dera pafunika chiwerengero cha alimi amene anali mbali ya kapangidwe kake. Kotero iye anayesa kuletsa zimene zinachitikira anthu ake akanati zitawonongeka.

Ngati dera anaphedwa?

Community a mitundu kwambiri - Mbali kuvomerezedwa chisanadze mafakitale kapena ulimi, anthu. Iye anaphedwa mu mayiko ku Ulaya chifukwa chakuti mafumu ang'onoang'ono kwathunthu anagwira a dziko lake. Choncho moyo anakhumudwa m'madera. Komabe, njira imeneyi ndi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha mafakitale, mapangidwe dongosolo capitalist, chitukuko mu dziko ubale chofunika ndalama, komanso chifukwa mizinda, ndiye kukula mofulumira m'tawuni. Wamba anayamba kugwira ntchito mu mzinda, kumene lalikulu mabungwe ang'onoang'ono mafakitale akhalipo. Pang'onopang'ono wofooka ammudzi. Kukula katundu udindo oletsa aliyense. Komabe, kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka zolemera. Last wolemetsedwa ndi kumvera chikangoperekedwa ndi anthu ammudzi ntchito dziko, ndipo anayesera kutuluka kumene. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anataya anthu ambiri olemera. Opanda iwo, ammudzi walephera kukwaniritsa oletsa izo ndi udindo boma. Choncho, boma walamulira kuvunda ake. Anthu asiya moyo mudziwo, kuyamba gawo la chuma chake. Onani kuti mitundu oyandikana m'dera zikuchitikabe m'mayiko ambiri ku Africa, Asia ndi Latin America.